Details
Latitude-33.8028 Longitude151 Start Date1804 End Date1821
Description
The first Parramatta Female Factory was built near Parramatta Gaol, on what is now Prince Alfred Square. Within a decade, however, increasing numbers of convict women in the penal colony meant the facility was no longer adequate. A suitable site was found further up the Parramatta River for building a new female factory, which opened in 1821, allowing the closure of the first facility.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e9c Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-27.4708 Longitude153.023 Start Date1824 End Date1828
Description
Moreton Bay (later Brisbane) was established as a penal colony in 1824, used as a place of secondary transportation for hardened convicts who had been convicted of further offences after arriving in New South Wales. Upon arrival a temporary wooden building was established to house convicts on Queen Street (now the city's main thoroughfare), in the vicinity of today's Brisbane Square. It was used until stone structures were opened in 1828.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6ea5 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-42.877 Longitude147.327 Start Date1821 End Date1829
Description
Due to the growing female convict population in Tasmania, in 1821 Governor Macquarie ordered that a small female factory be erected adjacent to the Hobart Town Gaol. The site's poor security led to frequent escapes from the factory during its years of operation, which ended in January 1829 when the final prisoners were transferred to the newly-built Cascades Female Factory. After the closure of the Female Factory in 1829 it was converted into shop premises.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6ea2 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-42.3882 Longitude145.448 Start Date1822 End Date1833
Description
This penal station was established as a place for the worst convicts, particularly those who had escaped from other settlements. Despite its isolated condition, there were a considerable number of escape attempts from the island. Its most infamous escapee was Alexander Pearce, who managed to get away twice, and on both occasions cannibalised his fellow escapees. Convicts at the penal station were set to logging and shipbuilding, but the lack of suitable land for food production on the island led to high levels of malnutrition. Living conditions were also overcrowded and the imposition of floggings was common. Some prisoners preferred execution than a transfer to the island. The penal station was closed in 1833, with the remaining convicts transferred to Port Arthur. The settlement ruins - though not very well-preserved - are today a heritage site, along with the rest of the island.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6ea6 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-41.1063 Longitude146.825 Start Date1822 End Date1834
Description
Initially this Female Factory where was simply a shed where female convicts would work at making woollen cloth and leather shoes during the day, then find lodging wherever they could in town at night. This changed in 1825, when the Factory was moved to the property of Reverend John Youl, and the women were housed onsite. However, as at the Hobart Female Factory, security on the site was poor, leading to riots and escape attempts. The operation closed in 1834, with the remaining prisoners sent to the Launceston Female Factory.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e9d Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-27.4674 Longitude153.028 Start Date1829 End Date1834
Description
A Female Factory was established at the Moreton Bay penal colony in 1829. As many as 138 women convicts lived and worked within this small building, many employed picking oakum from frayed ropes. The Moreton Bay Female Factory ceased being used as a convict establishment in 1834, when all the female convicts were transferred to Eagle Farm. The building?became Brisbane's first prison in 1850, then a police court. Today it is the site of Queen Street's General Post Office.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e9e Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-27.4436 Longitude153.09 Start Date1834 End Date1839
Description
The suburb now known as Eagle Farm in Brisbane started to be cleared for agricultural cultivation by convicts in the Moreton Bay penal colony in 1829. By 1934, some of the women convicts had been moved there, working in the fields and as dairywomen. Stationing female convicts at Eagle Farm was also an attempt to reduce their fraternisation with male convicts and the military. In 1836, the construction of slab cells at Eagle Farm was undertaken, and the following year all remaining female prisoners in Brisbane were removed to Eagle Farm. In 1839, all remaining convict women were shipped out of Moreton Bay penal colony to Sydney, closing the Eagle Farm prison. Only the foundations of the prison survive.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e99 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-27.4708 Longitude153.023 Start Date1828 End Date1842
Description
Built of stone, the prisoners' barracks at Moreton Bay was the largest building in the area when they opened in 1828, having accommodation for 1,000 convicts. The Moreton Bay penal colony and its barracks? closed in 1842.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6ea7 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-33.8693 Longitude151.213 Start Date1819 End Date1847
Description
Upon opening in 1819, the Hyde Park Barracks provided accommodation for male convicts transported to the New South Wales penal colony. It ceased to be used for this purpose in 1848, becoming instead an Immigration Depot for newly-arrived female migrants. From 1862 it was an asylum for destitute women. In 1887 it was converted into law courts, operating as such until 1979. Today the Hyde Park Barracks operates as a history museum.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e9a Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-33.7987 Longitude151.001 Start Date1821 End Date1848
Description
This purpose-built facility was used to house convict women until they could be assigned to service in a respectable family, and also as a place of detention for those who had broken regulations while in assigned service. The factory also acted as a prison for women who committed a crime in the colony. Linen, wool and linsey woolsey were manufactured on site, with women also set to spinning, knitting, straw plaiting, washing, cleaning duties, rock breaking and oakum picking. In 1827, the factory was the site of Australia's first industrial action when women rioted in response to a cut in their rations. With the end of convict transportation to the colony, the site was converted into a lunatic and invalid asylum in 1848. Today the buildings form part of the Cumberland Hospital and New South Wales Institute of Psychiatry.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6ea1 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-42.9882 Longitude147.717 Start Date1833 End Date1848
Description
Located about 23 kilometres from Port Arthur, the Saltwater River Penal Colony consisted of both an agricultural settlement and a coal mine, known for its particularly hellish working conditions. The penal colony closed in 1848. The ruins of the convict buildings at the Coal Mines Historic Site now fall under the administration of Port Arthur, and can be explored via a walking trail through the area.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6eaa Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-42.0333 Longitude147.494 Start Date1848 End Date1854
Description
Built in the early 1940s as a probation station for male convicts working on road gangs, the Ross site was converted into a workhouse for female convicts in 1848. The Police Department took over the buildings after the factory closed in 1854. Today the only remaining building is the Overseer's Cottage, which contains a historical display about the site that is open to the public.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e9b Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-41.4397 Longitude147.133 Start Date1834 End Date1855
Description
Opened as a work-house for female convicts, the site operated as a female factory until 1855. It then operated as a gaol until 1914, when it was demolished to build Launceston High School (today Launceston College).
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e9f Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-42.8937 Longitude147.299 Start Date1828 End Date1856
Description
This purpose-built workhouse for female convicts operated from 1828 to 1856. Female transportees would be housed there upon their first arrival in the colony until they could be sent out to assigned service with an appropriate family; assigned women would also be returned to the factory for disobedience or rule-breaking. The factory's location in a damp, swampy area led to high rates of disease among inmates, exacerbated by overcrowding. In 1869, more than a decade after its use as a female convict factory had ceased, the site became a reformatory for boys who were homeless or had been convicted of offences by the courts. At the reformatory boys would receive a basic education, work on farmland attached to the institution, or be apprenticed out to employers. The reformatory closed in 1876, but in 1884 the site was again opened as an alternative facility to prison for juvenile offenders, now known as the Boys' Training School. The Boys' Training School was transferred to a new site in New Town in 1896. Today the remaining Cascades buildings form a heritage site that is open to the visiting public.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e98 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-37.903 Longitude144.861 Start Date1853 End Date1868
Description
The Success was purchased along with the other hulks to cope with the increased population and crime that followed the discovery of gold in Victoria. In 1857, convicts from the?Success?murdered Superintendent of Prisons?John Price. The hulk was later used to receive female prisoners until 1868. It was then put to various governmental purposed until 1890, when it was outfitted as a travelling museum about convict life. This display was not a commercial success, and the ship was scuttled, but was then refloated in 1893, with the convict museum travelling around the world, including to San Francisco in 1915 for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. A fire destroyed the ship in 1945.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6ea0 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-43.137 Longitude147.846 Start Date1830 End Date1877
Description
Port Arthur was used as a penal colony for transported convicts from 1833 until the cessation of transportation in 1853. Juvenile convicts were also received at Port Arthur at the Point Puer prison, which received boys as young as nine.?Port Arthur was considered a particularly secure location, being both remote and surrounded by water on three sides. The site continued to be used as a prison after the cessation of transportation, with Port Arthur prison considered a model of the "Silent System" in which prisoners were kept separate from each other at all times.?This led to high rates of mental illness among inmates. The prison closed in 1877. Today it is a heritage site that is open to the visiting public.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6ea3 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-31.9496 Longitude115.862 Start Date1854 End Date1888
Description
The transportation of convicts to Western Australia from 1850 provided a labour force for public works, and a need for a facility to house inmates near the city. Initially the gaol was used for colonially-convicted prisoners, but from 1858 such prisoners were transferred to Fremantle Prison and Perth Gaol was used as accommodation for convicts transported from Britain. In 1875 the gaol reverted to use as a prison for locally-convicted inmates, following the cessation of transportation to Western Australia in 1868.?By 1886 there were reports that the gaol was overcrowded, and the prison closed in 1888. Since 1891 the building has been used as a museum, originally for geological and natural history artefacts. The gaol now forms part of the larger Western Australian museum complex, sitting behind the main building.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6ea8 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-33.8476 Longitude151.171 Start Date1841 End Date1909
Description
Cockatoo Island was declared?a gaol in 1839 due to the imminent closure of the Norfolk Island convict establishment. Convict barracks were built, and became occupied in 1841. In 1869 the remaining prisoners were transferred from the Island to Darlinghurst Gaol, and the prison buildings became the Biloela industrial school and reformatory for delinquent girls from 1871. Following the closure of the Biloela reformatory in 1888, male prisoners were again sent to the island. The gaol continued to function until 1909. The Cockatoo Island Prison Barracks Precinct is now a heritage site and is open to the visiting public.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Details
Latitude-41.4398 Longitude147.134 Start Date1827 End Date1917
Description
This gaol was built in Paterson Street, Launceston to accommodate convicts sent as labour to colonists in northern Tasmania, as well as receive locally-convicted prisoners from the surrounding area. After the cessation of transportation in 1853, it was mainly converted to the latter purpose, receiving men, women and children as prisoners. By 1900, it was being used only for short-sentence prisoners. In 1917, it ceased operations with the construction of a police watch-house a few blocks away.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e96 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-42.7361 Longitude147.44 Start Date1825 End Date1920
Description
This gaol was established as colonists moved away from Hobart Town in search of more farming land, bringing with them convicts to act as unpaid labour. The township of Richmond was proclaimed in 1824, with the gaol and a courthouse opening the following year. The small gaol was often overcrowded, with prisoners forced to sleep in the passageways. After the cessation of convict transportation, the gaol was simply used as holding cells by the local police, before being entirely abandoned in 1920s. Today the gaol is a heritage site open to visitors.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6ea9 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-42.639 Longitude148.066 Start Date1825 End Date1932
Description
Between 1825 and 1832, Maria Island operated as a penal colony that was conceived of as a compromise between the harsh conditions at Macquarie Harbour and the less stringent security of work in a chain gang building roads. Due to numerous escape attempts and disciplinary problems, the remaining convict population was relocated to Port Arthur in 1832. In 1842 the site was reopened as a probation station,??but was closed due to overcrowding in 1850. Today the island is a national park.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6eab Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-42.877 Longitude147.327 Start Date1821 End Date1963
Description
Built by convict labour, this gaol was originally used to house male convicts, with accommodations for 640 men. However, extensions across the 1820s soon meant the gaol could house twice that figure. From 1846 it was increasingly used as a civilian prison, especially after the cessation of transportation to Tasmania in 1853. It was the site of 32 executions between 1857 and 1946. The gaol finally closed in 1963, following the establishment of a new facility, Risdon Prison,?a few years earlier. A small group of gaol buildings remain intact at the corner of Campbell and Brisbane Street, now known as the Penitentiary Chapel Historic Site, which is open to the visiting public.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6ea4 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
Details
Latitude-32.0548 Longitude115.754 Start Date1855 End Date1991
Description
While Swan River Colony was initially established in 1829 as a 'free settlement', by 1850 the need for a larger labour force convicts led to the introduction of transportation of convicts from Britain to Western Australia. Fremantle Prison was established to provide accommodation for these overseas convicts; some locally-convicted inmates were also held there from 1858. Penal transportation to Western Australia ended in 1868 and the number of convicts under sentence in the colony then gradually declined, so the prison eventually came under colonial control in 1886. Locally-convicted men from Perth Gaol were transferred to Fremantle, and from 1887 female prisoners were also sent there. The discovery of gold in Western Australia in 1890s swelled the population and prison numbers, and in the early twentieth century the gaol was considerably enlarged. Nevertheless, in 1911 a Royal Commission into Fremantle Prison recommended closing the facility due to its outdated conditions, but this recommendation was not acted upon. During both world wars the prison was used for the detention of military personnel accused of crimes, as well as an internment centre for enemy aliens and prisoners of war. Female inmates were removed from Fremantle in 1970. Despite growing pressure for prison reform, Fremantle Prison was slow to modernise, eventually leading to a major riot by dissatisfied prisoners in 1988.?The prison closed in 1991 and today operates as a museum about the gaol's history.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Other
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e95 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:05:29 Updated At2024-11-21 07:05:29
