Details
Latitude-37.903 Longitude144.861 Start Date1853 End Date1855
Description
HMS Deborah was purchased in 1853 to act as a prison hulk. In 1855 the prisoners on Deborah were transferred to the hulk Lysander, and the Deborah was held as reserve gaol accommodations. From 1856 it was used as?a storage facility, before become a reformatory for male juvenile offenders in 1864. It continued to receive reformatory boys until 1873. After that for a while it was used to store and experiment with torpedoes, before being broken up in 1885.?
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e3f Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-42.8937 Longitude147.299 Start Date1828 End Date1856
Description
This purpose-built workhouse for female convicts operated from 1828 to 1856. Female transportees would be housed there upon their first arrival in the colony until they could be sent out to assigned service with an appropriate family; assigned women would also be returned to the factory for disobedience or rule-breaking. The factory's location in a damp, swampy area led to high rates of disease among inmates, exacerbated by overcrowding. In 1869, more than a decade after its use as a female convict factory had ceased, the site became a reformatory for boys who were homeless or had been convicted of offences by the courts. At the reformatory boys would receive a basic education, work on farmland attached to the institution, or be apprenticed out to employers. The reformatory closed in 1876, but in 1884 the site was again opened as an alternative facility to prison for juvenile offenders, now known as the Boys' Training School. The Boys' Training School was transferred to a new site in New Town in 1896. Today the remaining Cascades buildings form a heritage site that is open to the visiting public.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e3a Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-27.4129 Longitude153.145 Start Date1865 End Date1871
Description
In 1865 the ship Proserpine was acquired by the Queensland government and outfitted as a prison hulk to provide accommodation for inmates, due to overcrowding at the Petrie Terrace Gaol. In 1871 it was repurposed to act as a reformatory school for boys aged under 18 years. The reformatory was relocated to a new facility at Lytton in 1881.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e43 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-43.137 Longitude147.846 Start Date1830 End Date1877
Description
Port Arthur was used as a penal colony for transported convicts from 1833 until the cessation of transportation in 1853. Juvenile convicts were also received at Port Arthur at the Point Puer prison, which received boys as young as nine.?Port Arthur was considered a particularly secure location, being both remote and surrounded by water on three sides. The site continued to be used as a prison after the cessation of transportation, with Port Arthur prison considered a model of the "Silent System" in which prisoners were kept separate from each other at all times.?This led to high rates of mental illness among inmates. The prison closed in 1877. Today it is a heritage site that is open to the visiting public.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e3e Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-33.6644 Longitude138.933 Start Date1856 End Date1894
Description
The first prison built in South Australia outside the capital of Adelaide, Redruth opened in 1856. Initially it received few prisoners, but was experiencing overcrowding by 1876, with 22 prisoners within 8 cells. In 1894, the poor state of the buildings and low numbers of prisoners led to the decision to close the prison. It was reopened as a girls reformatory in 1897, continuing as such until 1922, after a riot by inmates the previous year had seen criticism of the staff and facility. Redruth Gaol underwent restoration in the late 1980s, and today operates as a?museum.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e45 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-32.0043 Longitude115.516 Start Date1838 End Date1902
Description
Rottnest Island was first used as a prison by colonial authorities in 1838 when six Aboriginal prisoners were sent there under the superintendence of a small military force. The following year?it was announced that the island would thenceforth be used as a prison for Aboriginal offenders. In 1881, a reformatory for boys was also opened on the island.?Some 3,700 Aboriginal men and boys were imprisoned at Rottnest Island across the facility's duration, with the reformatory closing in 1901 and the prison closing in 1902.?It was used as an internment camp during both World Wars. During the late twentieth century the former prison cells were used as tourist holiday accommodation, but in May 2018 the prison site, known as the 'Quod', was handed back to the Rottnest Island Authority. It has been suggested that the site may become a museum to the prison's history.?
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Aboriginal
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e37 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-27.5624 Longitude151.962 Start Date1864 End Date1903
Description
Toowoomba Gaol opened in 1864 to receive inmates from the immediate area. In 1870 it began receiving female inmates from throughout southern Queensland, including?the capital of Brisbane. In 1881 a reformatory and industrial school for adolescent girls was opened adjacent to the prison. In 1887 the Royal Commission into Queensland prisons heavily criticised the gaol, declaring that 'no woman can enter Toowoomba Gaol without becoming degraded, losing self-respect, and made infinitely worse than before she stepped within its walls'.?Both the prison and reformatory?closed in 1903.?Today only the gaol foundations remain.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e46 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-33.8476 Longitude151.171 Start Date1841 End Date1909
Description
Cockatoo Island was declared?a gaol in 1839 due to the imminent closure of the Norfolk Island convict establishment. Convict barracks were built, and became occupied in 1841. In 1869 the remaining prisoners were transferred from the Island to Darlinghurst Gaol, and the prison buildings became the Biloela industrial school and reformatory for delinquent girls from 1871. Following the closure of the Biloela reformatory in 1888, male prisoners were again sent to the island. The gaol continued to function until 1909. The Cockatoo Island Prison Barracks Precinct is now a heritage site and is open to the visiting public.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Details
Latitude-23.7277 Longitude133.864 Start Date1904 End Date1909
Description
This small wooden police hut was the first prison in Central Australia. The first prisoners committed there were eight Aboriginal males (including two boys aged 14 and 16), who had been convicted of 'larceny of beef' or cattle killing. Sentences in the group ranged from 14 days hard labour for the two teenage boys to up to 6 months hard labour for the adults. All six escaped from the gaol but were eventually recaptured. The Heavitree Gap Gaol closed in 1909 when the purpose-built Stuart Town Gaol opened. The wooden gaol hut no longer exists, but restored stone buildings associated with the police station were declared a historical reserve in 1979.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Aboriginal
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e36 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-41.4398 Longitude147.134 Start Date1827 End Date1917
Description
This gaol was built in Paterson Street, Launceston to accommodate convicts sent as labour to colonists in northern Tasmania, as well as receive locally-convicted prisoners from the surrounding area. After the cessation of transportation in 1853, it was mainly converted to the latter purpose, receiving men, women and children as prisoners. By 1900, it was being used only for short-sentence prisoners. In 1917, it ceased operations with the construction of a police watch-house a few blocks away.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Convict
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e38 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-37.8077 Longitude144.965 Start Date1845 End Date1924
Description
The gaol was established in 1845, but by 1850 it was already over-crowded, and the population influx brought by the discovery of gold in Victoria in 1851 quickly necessitated extensions (which were based on London's Pentonville Model Prison).?Detailed records of daily life inside the gaol are provided by the?diaries?of John Castieau, governor of the gaol between 1869 and 1884. Men, women and children were all imprisoned in the gaol. The youngest prisoner (not counting those infants born inside or accompanying their mothers) was a three-year-old convicted for being an idle and disorderly character in 1857. There were 135 hangings at the gaol, including infamous bushranger?Ned Kelly?and nineteenth-century serial killer?Frederick Bailey Deeming. The gaol was closed in 1924, although during World War Two it was used as a military prison. Although part of the gaol was demolished, today the remaining buildings operate as a prison museum.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e3b Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-34.503 Longitude144.851 Start Date1880 End Date1974
Description
In 1880 the Hay Gaol was moved from Lachlan Street to a new building in Church Street. It was mainly used to incarcerate short-term offenders from the surrounding districts. Low numbers of prisoners led to an ongoing struggle to keep the prison open, with a daily average of only 14 inmates in 1897. By 1915 the gaol had only 3 prisoners being supervised by a staff of 4. It was therefore closed that year. During the interwar period it was used as a hospital then maternity home, until over-crowding in the state's prisons led to its reopening as a gaol in 1930. In 1940 Hay Gaol again closed and was used as a prisoner-of-war and internment centre. After the war it was used as emergency public housing until 1961, when it became a maximum-security institution for girls aged 13 to 18 years, following wide scale rioting at the Parramatta Girls' Home earlier that year. The system at Hay was particularly harsh: girls were only allowed ten minutes twice a day to talk among themselves; they had to keep their eyes downcast at all times; had to keep at least six feet apart from each other at all times; raise their arms to talk to a staff member and await a response; and receive no schooling, instead put to work cleaning, cooking, scrubbing and painting walls, laying concrete paths, gardening and sewing. Those who misbehaved were put in an isolation block in the courtyard for a 24-hour period on bread and water. After negative media about the institution it closed in 1974. The gaol is now a museum and cultural centre.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e47 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-37.0621 Longitude144.211 Start Date1861 End Date1990
Description
This purpose-built prison was opened in 1861 to house all manner of prisoners, and was one of the few prisons outside Melbourne that received long-sentence inmates. However, by the turn of the century it was mainly being used to accomodate short-sentence prisoners and first-time offenders. In 1908 the gaol closed. For a while there were plans to transform into an institution for treating inebriates, many of whom during this period would otherwise be confined to gaols on charges of habitual drunkenness. Ultimately, in 1909 it was instead?converted into a reformatory school for males aged 16 to 25 years. The reformatory closed in 1951, with the facility reopening in 1954 as a gaol to accommodate medium-security prisoners. It closed for good in 1990. Today the gaol is open to the public as a tourist attraction.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e40 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-38.1489 Longitude144.365 Start Date1853 End Date1991
Description
This gaol was built by prisoners who slept on hulks in Corio Bay during construction. In 1865 the gaol closed and was converted into an industrial school for girls who had committed minor offences or were considered to be at risk. The industrial school closed in 1872 and for five years the building was empty, but it became a hospital gaol?receiving invalid prisoners from 1877 until 1940. During the Second World War it was used as army detention barracks, before reverting to a hospital gaol in 1947. In 1958 the hospital gaol closed, and it was used as a training prison for medium-security prisoners until 1991. The gaol is now a museum.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e48 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-37.7371 Longitude144.968 Start Date1851 End Date1997
Description
The original prison building opened at Coburg in 1851, but underwent much extension and renovation in the late 1850s and early 1860s. The size of the complex expanded as different divisions were introduced to house different types of prisoners, with separate accommodations for prisoners of good behaviour, long-term prisoners with behaviour problems, short-term prisoners, remand prisoners, prisoners with psychiatric problems, high-security prisoners, young offenders and eventually maximum-security prisoners. A government reformatory for girls was also opened adjacent to the prison in 1864, but eventually closed in 1893, in part because it was felt that the reformatory's location so close to the prison was less than ideal. A reformatory for boys also operated in the grounds of Pentridge prison, known as the Jika Reformatory, from 1873 to 1879.?With the closure of Melbourne Gaol in 1924, Pentridge became the main prison for the metropolitan area. Pentridge eventually closed in 1997. The site is heritage-listed, and is currently undergoing remodelling that will turn it into an urban village.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e3d Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-31.8677 Longitude115.969 Start Date1998 End Date2001
Description
Riverbank opened in 1960 as the first purpose-built maximum-security reformatory for boys, with accommodations for up to 33 teenage offenders. There was a significant emphasis on work-skills training, with an onsite factory that made a range of goods for charities, and the introduction of a computer-aided learning system from 1986. In 1996 the youth facility closed and was re-commissioned as an adult prison in 1998, which remained operational until 2001.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e44 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-12.3861 Longitude132.128 Start Date1986 End Date2003
Description
A minimum-security, 20-bed facility for juvenile males located within the Mary River National Park. It was designed to promote the rehabilitation of juvenile detainees from remote Aboriginal communities. It closed in 2003.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Aboriginal
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e35 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-36.3579 Longitude146.69 Start Date1860 End Date2004
Description
Beechworth Gaol opened in 1860 while still incomplete, with the buildings not finished until 1864. The prison was one of many built during this era on the radiating 'panopticon' principle to enable surveillance of prisoners by guards positioned in a central observation point. Declining prison numbers led to the gaol being closed in 1918, but in 1925 it was reopened as a reformatory for men designated 'habitual offenders', who under legislation at that time could be held indefinitely. In 1951 it was used instead as a training prison to provide rehabilitative employment and educational opportunities for more low to medium-security inmates. The facility closed in 2004, and today operates as a tourist attraction.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e49 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-32.001 Longitude115.897 Start Date1998 End Date2004
Description
Nyandi was originally established in 1970 as a maximum-security female youth detention centre for up to 30 adolescent girls. From 1986, Nyandi also admitted boys aged 12-14 years. The youth detention centre closed in 1997, with the site re-opening the following year as a minimum-security prison for adult women. This correctional facility closed in 2004, and the buildings are now used for training Corrective Services staff.?
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Female
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e3c Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-31.0736 Longitude150.923 Start Date1881 End Date2999
Description
In 1881, a purpose-built prison opened in Johnston Street, Tamworth to take over the function of the town's earlier gaol, which was regarded as no longer fit for purpose. It received mostly short-sentence prisoners sentenced from the surrounding area. In 1943 the gaol was closed. Five years later, the gaol became the Tamworth Institution for Boys, and was used as a place of secondary punished for boys aged 15 to 18 years who had absconded from or committed offences in other facilities. Conditions at the institution were particularly harsh. In 1976 it became known as Endeavour House, but continued to act as a maximum-security juvenile detention centre for boys convicted of or charged with serious crimes. A spate of suicides at the institution led to its closure in 1990.?In 1991 the facility reopened as an adult prison.?Today Tamworth Correctional Centre is a?medium-security, 89-bed prison for males.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e41 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-34.7407 Longitude149.74 Start Date1884 End Date2999
Description
Goulburn Gaol?opened?in 1884 with a capacity for?728 inmates. Prison labour was used to build a further 127 cells in 1893. The prison was re-named the Goulburn Reformatory in 1928, and became known as the Goulburn Training Centre in 1949. During this period it had a particular focus on rehabilitating young or first-time offenders through a variety of employment and training programs. In 1992 the centre was again renamed as the Goulburn Correctional Centre. Today the gaol has a capacity for 222 inmates, from those designated minimum-security through to those detained in a SuperMax unit.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e4a Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-37.4065 Longitude143.488 Start Date1951 End Date2999
Description
Opened as an adult prison in 1951, this facility became a Youth Training Centre for juveniles under sentence in 1965, before again becoming an adult prison in 1993. Today it is a minimum-security male prison with accommodations for over 450 inmates.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Male
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e42 Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
Details
Latitude-27.5823 Longitude152.921 Start Date1988 End Date2999
Description
In 1988, this prison opened as the Sir David Longland Correctional Centre. It was renovated and re-opened as the Brisbane Correctional Centre in 2008. It is a maximum-security facility with accommodations for 558 prisoner, including a special unit specifically designed for 17-year-old prisoners.
Extended Data
- Convict
- Other
- Female
- Other
- Male
- Other
- Aboriginal
- Other
- Children
- Juvenile
Sources
TLCMap IDtd6e4b Linkback
Created At2024-11-21 07:00:54 Updated At2024-11-21 07:00:54
