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                "name": "Coghill's Station",
                "description": "<p>Location of Mr Coghill's station, Lower Murray according to Ham's Squatting map (1849). Mr Coghill's station was a reference point for events in the area, and for overlanding between Sydney and Adelaide. It was a focal point in events related to the killing of Mr Beveridge, followed by the killing of a stockman at Mr Coghill's, and arrests and counter attacks around Coghill's and Beveridge's station. Some other references associate 'Coghill' with Berrima and Braidwood which are near Sydney, and with Mount Barker near Adelaide, but the events related to the killing of Mr Braidwood are all reported as in the 'Lower Murray', so the location is certainly the one recorded on Ham's Squatting map near the junction of the Murrumbidgee, Logan and Murray. One of the men killed in the affrays was known to colonists as 'Dick the Needle' reportedly a chief of the Murrumbidgee.</p>",
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                "source": "<p>Ham, Thomas. (1849).&nbsp;<em>A map of Australia Felix</em> Retrieved October 3, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231450539\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231450539</a></p>\r\n<p>MELBOURNE. (1846, September 2).&nbsp;<em>Geelong Advertiser and Squatters' Advocate (Vic. : 1845 - 1847)</em>, p. 3. Retrieved October 4, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article94444530\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article94444530</a></p>\r\n<p>Local Intelligence. (1846, September 3). <em>The Port Phillip Patriot and Morning Advertiser (Vic. : 1845 - 1848)</em>, p. 2. Retrieved October 3, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226351156\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226351156</a></p>\r\n<p>Port Phillip. (1846, September 12). The Citizen (Sydney, NSW : 1846 - 1847), p. 4. Retrieved October 3, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article252637417\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article252637417</a></p>\r\n<p>CAPTURE OF THE MURDERERS OF MR. BEVERIDGE. (1846, November 26). The Port Phillip Patriot and Morning Advertiser (Vic. : 1845 - 1848), p. 4. Retrieved June 9, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226350807\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226350807</a></p>\r\n<p>Local Intelligence. (1846, December 1).&nbsp;<em>The Port Phillip Patriot and Morning Advertiser (Vic. : 1845 - 1848)</em>, p. 2. Retrieved October 3, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226351014\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226351014</a></p>\r\n<p>DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. (1846, December 9). <em>Port Phillip Gazette and Settler's Journal (Vic. : 1845 - 1850)</em>, p. 4. Retrieved October 3, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223154201\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223154201</a></p>\r\n<p>PORT PHILLIP. (1847, February 6). The Courier (Hobart, Tas. : 1840 - 1859), p. 3. Retrieved June 10, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2972734\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2972734</a></p>",
                "datestart": "1846-08-26",
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                "name": "Beveridge's Station",
                "placename": "Pannyan (spelling unclear)",
                "description": "<p>On 23rd August, 1846, Andrew Beveridge was killed in a targeted attack by Aboriginal men known to colonists as Bobby, Wellington, and Tungie. Tungie was said to be a chief of the Burra Burra tribe. Another, 'Watty' had enticed Beveridge out of the tent where he was eating breakfast with John Ryan and John Kelly (12 Sept, 1846, p4). Beveridge died of 4 spear wounds (1 Dec, 1846 p2). Since the Aboriginal people spoke directly to Beveridge and killed him with 4 spears, while others were told to leave or allowed to escape, it is likely Beveridge was being punished for a serious offense against Aboriginal people.</p>\r\n<p>3 days after Mr Beveridge was killed, a stockman at Coghill's was also killed (3 Sept 1846, p2).</p>\r\n<p>Later, Mr Byerley, the superintendent of Mr Coghill's station noticed a large camp of Aboriginal people across the river and sent for the police. He told Sergeant Johnson of the Border Police, with two troopers, he could identify Mr Beveridge's killers. The police disguised themselves as shepherds. An Aboriginal messenger visited asking who the 'fresh arrivals' were and why they had come. The police pretended to be looking for a run and offered tomahawks to be shown good land and promised more to anyone who would help them. Eventually a group of 25 was enticed with offers of food and tomahawks to eat with the disguised police at a campfire. Mr Byerley identified Beveridge's killers by surreptitiously placing pieces of bark behind them. Taken by surprise those identified were captured with ropes, held at gun point, handcuffed and taken into the hut, while the others got away. After an hour the messenger arrived and told both the prisoners and the colonists to stay awake as many 'Murray black fellow' (26, Nov 1846, p 4) would be coming. Signal fires were seen across the hills and warriors assembled. The colonists fortified the hut, prepared ammunition and dispatched their a messenger of their own to Curlewis's neighbouring station 75km away who sent 3 men as reinforcements making a total of 'eight well armed, active, and determined men' (26, Nov 1846, p 4). '... fifty of the picked men of the assembled tribe, resolutely advanced into the open space in front of the hut; they were all in their war dress - paint and emu feathers, and other insignia of their rank, and standing as warriors and chiefs of the various tribes, then congregated... Their bodies were smeared from head to foot with a red earth (curraco) their feathers nodding like plumes from a hearse...\" (26, Nov 1846, p 4). Among those killed the colonists claimed to have shot 'Dick the Needle', a Murrumbidgee chief and Warrangurran, a chief of the Gunboree tribe (26, Nov 1846, p 4). The attack continued until night when the Aboriginal people continued the seige by camping near the hut. At dawn nine armed men on horseback arrived and the Aboriginal warriors retreated. One of the captured men almost escaped during the trip to Melbourne for trial.</p>\r\n<p>Three Aboriginal warriors, known to colonists as Bobby, Ptolmie and Bullet-eye where charged (1846, December 1, p 2).&nbsp;</p>",
                "id": "te22ee",
                "state": "VIC",
                "source": "<p>Ham, Thomas. (1849).&nbsp;<em>A map of Australia Felix</em>&nbsp;Retrieved October 3, 2025, from&nbsp;<a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231450539\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-231450539</a></p>\r\n<p>MELBOURNE. (1846, September 2).&nbsp;<em>Geelong Advertiser and Squatters' Advocate (Vic. : 1845 - 1847)</em>, p. 3. Retrieved October 4, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article94444530\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article94444530</a></p>\r\n<p>Local Intelligence. (1846, September 3).&nbsp;<em>The Port Phillip Patriot and Morning Advertiser (Vic. : 1845 - 1848)</em>, p. 2. Retrieved October 3, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226351156\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226351156</a></p>\r\n<p>Port Phillip. (1846, September 12). The Citizen (Sydney, NSW : 1846 - 1847), p. 4. Retrieved October 3, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article252637417\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article252637417</a></p>\r\n<p>CAPTURE OF THE MURDERERS OF MR. BEVERIDGE. (1846, November 26). The Port Phillip Patriot and Morning Advertiser (Vic. : 1845 - 1848), p. 4. Retrieved June 9, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226350807\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226350807</a></p>\r\n<p>Local Intelligence. (1846, December 1).&nbsp;<em>The Port Phillip Patriot and Morning Advertiser (Vic. : 1845 - 1848)</em>, p. 2. Retrieved October 3, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226351014\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article226351014</a></p>\r\n<p>DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. (1846, December 9). <em>Port Phillip Gazette and Settler's Journal (Vic. : 1845 - 1850)</em>, p. 4. Retrieved October 3, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223154201\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article223154201</a></p>\r\n<p>PORT PHILLIP. (1847, February 6). The Courier (Hobart, Tas. : 1840 - 1859), p. 3. Retrieved June 10, 2025, from <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2972734\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2972734</a></p>",
                "datestart": "1846-08-23",
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                "name": "Mt Dispersion, Murray River",
                "description": "According to <i>The Australian</i>, 8 November 1836, p 2, 'We are sorry to be called upon to animadvert upon circumstance attending [Major Mitchell's ] expedition, which, in our opinion, more than counterbalances any advantage the Colony may derive from the results of the journey [to Australia Felix], in other respects; we allude to the Australian Aborigines by the party in question. It appears that Major Mitchell having, or fancying he had reason to apprehend danger from a numerous tribe who followed close upon their tracks for above two hundred miles, laid in ambush with his party in a thick scrub bordering upon the river, sending the bullock-drivers on cracking their whips so as to induce a belief that they had proceeded onwards. The natives having unconsciously advanced into the middle of an ambush, were set upon and fired at, a large number being killed on the spot, and the remainder taking the river, into which they plunged, swimming to the other side, the Europeans firing at and killing several more in the water. It is said that at least thirty were slain; how many escaped with wounds does not appear.'\nMajor Thomas Mitchell wrote to Colonial Secretary McLeay that he divided his group (exploring party) into two parties and that when they attacked, 'the whole [Aboriginal people] betook themselves to the River \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd my men pursuing and shooting as many as they could. Numbers were shot in swimming across the Murray, and some even after they had reached the opposite shore, as they ascended the bank. Amongst those shot in the water was the Chief (recognised by a particular kind of cloak he wore, which floated after he went down). Thus in a very short time the usual silence of the desert prevailed on the banks of the Murray, and we pursued our journey unmolested.' (Mitchell to Colonial Secretary McLeay cited in Milliss, 1992, p 130)",
                "id": "te16a0",
                "source": "<i>The Australian</i>, 8 November, 1836, p 2 - <a href=\"https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/4258629\">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/4258629</a>; Mitchell 1839 vol. II, pp 101-2; <i>HRA</i>, I, xviii, p 590-1 <a href=\"https://opal.latrobe.edu.au/articles/book/Historical_records_of_Australia_Series_I_Governors_despatches_to_and_from_England_Volume_XVIII_July_1835-June_1837_edited_by_Frederick_Watson_/22300279\">https://opal.latrobe.edu.au/articles/book/Historical_records_of_Australia_Series_I_Governors_despatches_to_and_from_England_Volume_XVIII_July_1835-June_1837_edited_by_Frederick_Watson_/22300279</a>; Milliss 1992, pp 128-136; Baker, DWA, 'Mitchell Sir Thomas Livingstone (1792-1855)' in <i>ADB</i>, Vol 2, 1967 np <a href=\"https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mitchell-sir-thomas-livingstone-2463\">https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/mitchell-sir-thomas-livingstone-2463</a>.",
                "datestart": "1836-05-27",
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                "linkback": "https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=575",
                "Source_ID": "575",
                "LanguageGroup": "Kureinji or Dadi Dadi",
                "Colony": "NSW",
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                "PoliceDistrict": "Goulburn",
                "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",
                "VictimsDead": "30",
                "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal",
                "Attackers": "Colonists",
                "AttackersDead": "0",
                "AttackerDescription": "Explorer(s)",
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                "name": "Junction Island, Murray River",
                "description": "On 24 April 1839, the 'Southern Australian' reported on page 3, 'We have the pleasure in announcing the safe arrival  in the province of Messrs McLeod and McPherson, from New South Wales, with 500 head of cattle and one thousand sheep. We understand that they only lost four sheep and two head of cattle during their journey. It is reported, that they had a recounter [sic] with the aborigines on the way, and that forty natives were killed.'  Three days later, the 'South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register' published the following: 'There is no truth in the story published in the 'Southern Australian'  that Messrs McLeod and McPherson had a rencontre with the natives in which forty of the latter were shot.' ('South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register', April 27, 1839, p.2). \nDespite the denial, it appears that a massacre took place at Junction Island, where the Darling River flows into the Murray River.",
                "id": "te16a1",
                "source": "<i>Southern Australian</i>, April 24, 1839, p 3 <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71685226\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71685226</a>; <i>South Australian Gazette & Colonial Register</i>, April 27, 1839, p 2 <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31750562\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31750562</a>",
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                "name": "Murray River North Bank",
                "description": "Buchanan, (1922-3, p 72) an overlander, says that his party 'we from the opposite bank fired upon them also and killed the old chief, when they all took to the Murray and we kept firing as long as they were within shot. There were five or six killed and a good many wounded.'",
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                "source": "Buchanan 1922-3, p72.",
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            "properties": {
                "name": "Langhorne's Ferry/Rufus River, Murray River (1)",
                "description": "<p>In a letter dated 12 July 1841, Matthew Moorhouse, Protector of the Aborigines in South Australia, noted several incidents between the Maruara people at Langhorne Creek and unnamed overlanding parties from Sydney to Adelaide. In December 1839, 'the drays of a cattle party were attempted to be taken at [Langhorne Creek] by a group of Natives. Ten men on horseback all supplied with firearms were on the banks of the River at the time, and repelled the Natives at once by firing upon them. The Natives retreated as soon as they saw one of two of their tribe shot, but were followed for about 15 miles by those on horseback and firing kept up the whole time' (Moorhouse, cited in Burke et al, 2016, p 158).</p>",
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                "source": "<p>Moorhouse to Mundy, 12 July 1841, cited in Burke et al, 2016, p 158.</p>",
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            "properties": {
                "name": "Langhornes Ferry/Rufus River, Murray River (2)",
                "description": "<p>On 12 July 1841 Matthew Moorhouse, Protector of the Aborigines in South Australia wrote that in June 1840, Aboriginal people at Langhorne's Ferry 'had been routed with great loss' by an unnamed overlanding party from Sydney (Burke, 2016, p158).</p>",
                "id": "te16a4",
                "source": "<p>Moorhouse to Mundy, 12 July 1841, cited in Burke et al, 2016, p 158.</p>",
                "datestart": "1840-06-01",
                "dateend": "1840-06-30",
                "udatestart": -4089348292000,
                "udateend": -4086842692000,
                "latitude": "-34.049",
                "longitude": "141.279",
                "linkback": "https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=688",
                "Source_ID": "688",
                "LanguageGroup": "Erawirung",
                "Colony": "NSW",
                "StateOrTerritory": "NSW",
                "PoliceDistrict": "Adelaide",
                "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",
                "VictimsDead": "6",
                "Attackers": "Colonists",
                "AttackersDead": "0",
                "AttackerDescription": "Settler(s), Stockmen/Drover(s)",
                "CorroborationRating": "**",
                "War": "Murray River",
                "Stage": "Tar Ru",
                "Region": "South East",
                "Period": "South",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=te16a4",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
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                            "text": "TLCMap Record: te16a4",
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                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
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                "source": {
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Dead Man's Flat",
                "description": "<p>Overlanding groups passing through this region in 1839, such as Lachlan Mackinnon&rsquo;s party and John Finnis&rsquo;s, as well as George McLeod and Robert Flood taking bringing provisions from Adelaide were attacked by Aboriginal people (Burke et al, p 154). In 1841 O'Halloran recorded in his diary, described:<br>'a spot where several parties have been attacked (Mr Eyre,52 Tooth &amp; others) and where a European was killed by the natives and lies buried between 2 trees with an F upon one, this man belonged to Mr McKinnon's party &ndash; I shall therefore distinguish our present encampment as the \"Dead Man's flat\" ... From what I can gather from some of the men who came overland &ndash; several natives have been killed upon different occasions &ndash; I understand the latter nearly took the life of Mr Tooth and Eyre was turned back and obliged to get further strength ere he could pass.' (O&rsquo;Halloran cited in Burke et al, p 154)<br>While details on the killing in this region in 1839 are unclear, Burke et al distinguish Dead Man's Flat from the location of other killings in 1839 at Langhorne's Ferry at Rufus River (pp 154-161).</p>",
                "id": "te16a6",
                "source": "<p>Burke et al, 2016, pp 154 <a href=\"https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n2179/pdf/article06.pdf\">https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n2179/pdf/article06.pdf</a></p>",
                "datestart": "1841-05-01",
                "dateend": "1841-05-31",
                "udatestart": -4060490692000,
                "udateend": -4057898692000,
                "latitude": "-34.107",
                "longitude": "139.955",
                "linkback": "https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=692",
                "Source_ID": "692",
                "LanguageGroup": "Marrawarra, Ngintait",
                "Colony": "SA",
                "StateOrTerritory": "SA",
                "PoliceDistrict": "Adelaide",
                "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",
                "VictimsDead": "8",
                "Attackers": "Colonists",
                "AttackersDead": "0",
                "AttackerDescription": "Stockmen/Drover(s)",
                "CorroborationRating": "*",
                "War": "Murray River",
                "Stage": "Adelaide Overland",
                "Region": "South East",
                "Period": "South",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=te16a6",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
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                "source": {
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Hornet's Nest",
                "description": "<p>According to Burke at al 2016, pp.151-2, 'On 16 April 1841' an 'overlanding part[y]' to Adelaide from Sydney, 'led by Henry Inman and consisting of 11 men and 5,000 sheep, was attacked on the banks of the [Murray] river \"at a place 40 miles to the eastward of Lake Bonney\". According to Governor Grey in a dispatch to Lord John Russell, the Secretary of state for the Colonies, \"[a] body of natives from 300-400 strong ... forcibly took possession of the sheep, drays &amp;c, and dispersed the Europeans, severely wounding two, and nearly killing another ... and this notwithstanding a strenuous resistance was offered, and at least one of the natives killed\" (Grey to Russell, 29 May 1841, cited in Burke at al 2016, p. 152). According to Burke at al, 2016, p.152, in reprisal, 'a group of volunteers, including Henry Field, a member of Inman's original party, James Hawker and Field's brother, Lieutenant William George Field, offered to recover the sheep, setting out on 7 May.' On 13 May, according to Governor Grey, they 'fell in with the same party of natives, between 300 and 400 strong, who attacked them, wounding one of their number, at the same time killing one, and wounding two, of their horses. The Aborigines eventually compelled them to a hasty retreat, although not without suffering a loss from eight to ten men on their own part' (Grey to Russell 29 May 1841, cited in Burke et al 2016, p.152). Burke et al locate these events in 'The vicinity of the Hornet&rsquo;s Nest' (Burke et al, p 157).</p>",
                "id": "te16a7",
                "source": "<p>Burke et al 2016, pp. 151-2, 157 <a href=\"https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n2179/pdf/article06.pdf\">https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/n2179/pdf/article06.pdf </a></p>",
                "datestart": "1841-05-13",
                "dateend": "1841-05-13",
                "udatestart": -4059453892000,
                "udateend": -4059453892000,
                "latitude": "-33.948",
                "longitude": "140.938",
                "linkback": "https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=529",
                "Source_ID": "529",
                "LanguageGroup": "Marrawarra, Ngintait",
                "Colony": "SA",
                "StateOrTerritory": "SA",
                "PoliceDistrict": "Adelaide",
                "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",
                "VictimsDead": "8",
                "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal",
                "Attackers": "Colonists",
                "AttackersDead": "0",
                "AttackerDescription": "Settler(s), Stockmen/Drover(s), Police",
                "CorroborationRating": "*",
                "War": "Murray River",
                "Stage": "Adelaide Overland",
                "Region": "South East",
                "Period": "South",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=te16a7",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
            "display": {
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                    "links": [
                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Record: te16a7",
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                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
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                },
                "source": {
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                "coordinates": [
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "East of Rufus River",
                "description": "According to a statement made by Mr Robinson, an overland party was travelling from Gundagai to South Australia. Nearing the Rufus River, after gathering stray cattle he ventured ahead of the party to look for a crossing. He encountered about 300 Aboriginal people who moved into a crescent formation. Mr Robinson gathered a party of well armed overlanders.\n'On our approach they advanced, and we commenced firing: we discharged about 8 rounds each before the blacks gave the least way. They now began to retreat. We then advanced, and drove them back into the bush. During this affray about 15 were killed and wounded.' (Inquirer, August 24, 1842, p 6) The following day at Rufus River, <a href=\"https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1059\">another massacre</a> occurred in which about 21 or more were killed.",
                "id": "te16a8",
                "source": "Burke et al, 2016, pp145-179; Inquirer, August 24, 1842 <a href=\"https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/65582199\">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/65582199</a>",
                "datestart": "1841-08-26",
                "dateend": "1841-08-26",
                "udatestart": -4050381892000,
                "udateend": -4050381892000,
                "latitude": "-34.142",
                "longitude": "141.455",
                "linkback": "https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1095",
                "Source_ID": "1095",
                "LanguageGroup": "Marrawarra",
                "Colony": "NSW",
                "StateOrTerritory": "NSW",
                "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",
                "VictimsDead": "7",
                "VictimDescription": "Warrior(s)",
                "Attackers": "Colonists",
                "AttackersDead": "0",
                "AttackerDescription": "Overlander(s)",
                "CorroborationRating": "**",
                "War": "Murray River",
                "Stage": "Adelaide Overland",
                "Region": "South East",
                "Period": "South",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=te16a8",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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            "display": {
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                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
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                },
                "source": {
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                        "id": "te16a8",
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                    "Layer": {
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                "coordinates": [
                    141.274,
                    -34.049
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Lake Victoria, Rufus River",
                "description": "According to a statement made by Mr Robinson, following an <a href=\"https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1095\">encounter the previous day</a> in which 15 Aboriginal people were killed or wounded an overland expedition travelling from Gundagai to South Australia were looking for a place to cross the Rufus River. On the other side they were met by a party that had come out from Adelaide to assist them. Aboriginal scouts sent by Mr Moorhouse warned that a large group were approaching 'full of wrath'. The overland party on the east side of the river drove the large Aboriginal group into the river where '... from 30 to 40 were killed, and as many wounded; and one man, a boy, and two women, taken prisoners.' (Inquirer, August 24, 1842, p 6) \nAccording to Burke et al 2016, p.152, on 27 August 1841, an 'official party, including police, three Aboriginal people' and Aboriginal Protector, Matthew Moorhouse, arrived at Rufus River, with the view of protecting an overlanding party en route to Adelaide, led by William Robinson.'  Robinson's party had been attacked 'further east on the previous day. Five Aboriginal men had been killed, and 10 wounded, but there was no loss of European life. In the hours following, Moorhouse and two others encountered a large party of Aboriginal men and women near Lake Victoria, who immediately ran towards them and a second clash ensued, despite Moorhouse's attempts to negotiate through interpreters. In the ensuing gunfire \"nearly 30\" Aboriginal people were killed (although at the subsequent enquiry Moorhouse acknowledged that he had only seen 21 bodies), \"about 10\" wounded and four captured.' Robinson was wounded. A subsequent enquiry, concluded that 'the conduct of both European parties was justifiable' (Burke et al 2016, p.153)",
                "id": "te16a9",
                "source": "Burke et al, 2016, pp145-179; <i>Inquirer</i>, August 24, 1842 <a href=\"https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/65582199\">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/65582199</a>",
                "datestart": "1841-08-27",
                "dateend": "1841-08-27",
                "udatestart": -4050295492000,
                "udateend": -4050295492000,
                "latitude": "-34.049",
                "longitude": "141.274",
                "linkback": "https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1059",
                "Source_ID": "1059",
                "LanguageGroup": "Marrawarra",
                "Colony": "NSW",
                "StateOrTerritory": "NSW",
                "PoliceDistrict": "Adelaide",
                "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",
                "VictimsDead": "21",
                "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal",
                "Attackers": "Colonists",
                "AttackersDead": "0",
                "AttackerDescription": "Mounted Police, Stockmen/Drover(s), Aboriginal Assistant(s)",
                "CorroborationRating": "**",
                "War": "Murray River",
                "Stage": "Tar Ru",
                "Region": "South East",
                "Period": "South",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=te16a9",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
            "display": {
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                    "links": [
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                            "text": "TLCMap Record: te16a9",
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                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
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                        "id": "te16a9",
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        },
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                "coordinates": [
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                ]
            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Junction of Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers",
                "description": "To 'clear' the area of Aboriginal people for a pastoral station for William Ross, 70-80 Aboriginal men were trapped on both sides of the Murray River and shot by Frederick Walker, Edmund Morey, William Ross, John Scott, the Jackson brothers, Williams, Lee and 'two fine Murrumbidgee natives \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Robin Hood and Marengo' and Mr Yeomans from the other side of the river and others. 'This broke their spirit'. (Morey, 1952 cited in Collins, 2002, p 49)",
                "id": "te16aa",
                "source": "Collins 2002, p 48-9 <a href=\"https://www.goodbyebussamarai.com/text\">https://www.goodbyebussamarai.com/text</a>.",
                "datestart": "1846-01-01",
                "dateend": "1846-12-31",
                "udatestart": -3913092292000,
                "udateend": -3881642692000,
                "latitude": "-34.726",
                "longitude": "143.217",
                "linkback": "https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=599",
                "Source_ID": "599",
                "LanguageGroup": "Dadi Dadi or Weki Weki",
                "Colony": "NSW",
                "StateOrTerritory": "NSW",
                "PoliceDistrict": "Albury",
                "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",
                "VictimsDead": "70",
                "Attackers": "Colonists",
                "AttackersDead": "0",
                "AttackerDescription": "Settler(s)",
                "CorroborationRating": "*",
                "War": "Murray River",
                "Stage": "Late",
                "Region": "South East",
                "Period": "South",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=te16aa",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
            "display": {
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                    "links": [
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                            "text": "TLCMap Record: te16aa",
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                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
                    "TLCMapID": {
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        },
        {
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            "geometry": {
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                "coordinates": [
                    143.559,
                    -35.221
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Beveridge Island",
                "description": "According to Michael Cannon (1990, p 231), in June/July 1848, 'ugly rumours began to spread that up to twenty natives had been poisoned on the Beveridge family's run between today's Swan Hill and Piangil. The original information came from a shearer on the Murray, who, according to Assistant Protector Parker, \"stated in a neighbouring wool shed that a Mr Beveridge had 'settled' the blacks by leaving a quantity of poisoned flour in their way, and that numbers had been killed by it\"' (Parker cited in Cannon 1990, p 231). 'Parker despatched some of his Station blacks to the junction of the Loddon and Murray to \"make enquiries\". They returned with almost identical information from blacks on Edward Curr's and Archibald Campbell's runs: \"they were informed that seven or eight natives had been destroyed\"' (Cannon, 1990, p 230).\n'The story fitted fairly precisely with rumours heard by Dr James Horsburgh at Goulburn River Aboriginal Station. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdParker was commissioned to obtain further evidence if he could. In February 1849 he was told by natives from Lake Bael Bael that \"a number of the blacks of Tarrkgoondeet tribe [the 'reed-spear tribe' of the lower Murray] have been poisoned some months since by white men at a place called Bapparrinok\"' (Parker cited in Cannon, 1990, p 230-231). When La Trobe pressed for more 'information to the Bench of Magistrates at Moulamein, north-east of Swan Hill, on the Sydney side of the Murray River, Patrick Brougham JP, replied that he \"certainly some months ago heard a report of the same [alleged poisoning], but took no notice of it, as groundless rumours have frequently been spread of natives having been killed\"'(Brougham cited in Cannon, 1990, p 231).",
                "id": "te16ab",
                "source": "Cannon, 1990, pp 230-231.",
                "datestart": "1848-06-01",
                "dateend": "1848-06-30",
                "udatestart": -3836887492000,
                "udateend": -3834381892000,
                "latitude": "-35.221",
                "longitude": "143.559",
                "linkback": "https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=553",
                "Source_ID": "553",
                "LanguageGroup": "Wemba Wemba or Wadi Wadi",
                "Colony": "PPD",
                "StateOrTerritory": "VIC",
                "PoliceDistrict": "Murray",
                "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",
                "VictimsDead": "20",
                "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal",
                "Attackers": "Colonists",
                "AttackersDead": "0",
                "AttackerDescription": "Settler(s)",
                "CorroborationRating": "**",
                "War": "Murray River",
                "Stage": "Late",
                "Region": "South East",
                "Period": "South",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=te16ab",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
            "display": {
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                    "links": [
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                        {
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                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
                    "TLCMapID": {
                        "id": "te16ab",
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                        "url": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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            }
        },
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
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                ]
            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Crawford\u2019s overlanding party drives off a group of Aboriginal people, 11 March 1839",
                "description": "Crawford describes several parties of Aboriginal people, all armed, coming around them. He and his men rode at them at \u2018full gallop\u2019 and drove them off.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML05\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebaa6",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
                "datestart": "1839-03-11",
                "dateend": "1839-03-11",
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                "udateend": -4128055492000,
                "latitude": "-34.7202467154803",
                "longitude": "143.209139068962",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML05",
                "LocationAccuracy": "District",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML05",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaa6",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
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                        {
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            "properties": {
                "name": "Crawford\u2019s overlanding party drives off a group of Aboriginal people, 21 March 1839",
                "placename": "Approaching the junction of the Murray and Darling rivers.",
                "description": "Crawford\u2019s men threatened by Aboriginal people at their dray. A short time later the overseer for MacLeod and McPherson\u2019s party rode up saying they were being surrounded. Crawford and his men rode off to assist.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML06\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebaa7",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "dateend": "1839-03-21",
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                "udateend": -4127191492000,
                "latitude": "-34.2766000058993",
                "longitude": "142.358841676067",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML06",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML06",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaa7",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                        {
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                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                        "id": "tebaa7",
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Buchanan\u2019s party clashes with Aboriginal people on a series of occasions, 19-22 November 1839",
                "placename": "About 25-30 miles west of Murray-Darling Junction",
                "description": "Buchanan reports three of four sheep speared on the night of 19 November, after moving the sheep on the next day five of his men rode back shooting and wounding one man. Two days later when a man was observed among the sheep, the cook shot and killed him.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML13\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebaa8",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "dateend": "1839-11-19",
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                "udateend": -4106196292000,
                "latitude": "-34.1800276178338",
                "longitude": "141.618963996847",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML13",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML13",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaa8",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
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                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Record: tebaa8",
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                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
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                        "id": "tebaa8",
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                    "Layer": {
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Aboriginal women raped by members of the expedition, 5 September 1841",
                "placename": "Between Rufus River and North-West Bend of the River Murray",
                "description": "While the \u2018Rufus\u2019 expedition was returning down the river, shepherds from the party visited a nearby Aboriginal camp and had sex with a number of Aboriginal women.  <br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML29\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebaa9",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "dateend": "1841-09-05",
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                "udateend": -4049517892000,
                "latitude": "-34.1467382174839",
                "longitude": "140.093337216759",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML29",
                "LocationAccuracy": "District",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML29",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaa9",
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                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
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                        "id": "tebaa9",
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                    },
                    "Layer": {
                        "name": "Lower Murray War and Resistance (community contributed)",
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            "properties": {
                "name": "ML33 Protector G. A. Robinson travels the overland route along the Murray River, May to June 1846",
                "placename": "On the Murray River approaching the Rufus River",
                "description": "Protector G. A. Robinson travelled the overland stock route from NSW to Adelaide and witnessed European men soliciting Aboriginal women for sex. <br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML33\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebaaa",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "dateend": "1846-05-01",
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                "udateend": -3902724292000,
                "latitude": "-34.1254660000031",
                "longitude": "141.397128000078",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML33",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML33",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaaa",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
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                    "links": [
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                            "text": "TLCMap Record: tebaaa",
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                        },
                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
                    "TLCMapID": {
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            "properties": {
                "name": "Buchanan\u2019s overlanding party attacked while crossing stock, 15 November 1839",
                "placename": "Near the junction of the Murray and Darling Rivers",
                "description": "Buchanan reports being attacked while putting a dray on a punt to cross the junction of the Murray and Darling. His men on both sides of the river fired at their attackers, reporting that they killed \u2018five or six\u2019 and wounded \u2018a good many\u2019.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML12\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebaab",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
                "datestart": "1839-11-15",
                "dateend": "1839-11-15",
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                "udateend": -4106541892000,
                "latitude": "-34.1119445488355",
                "longitude": "141.917463221585",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML12",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML12",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaab",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                        {
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                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
                    "TLCMapID": {
                        "id": "tebaab",
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        },
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Crawford\u2019s overland party harassed as they attempted to cross the River, 28-29 March 1839",
                "placename": "Murray River, past its junction with the Darling Rivers",
                "description": "Crawford describes an attempt by Aboriginal people to \u2018rush\u2019 their camp and driving them off with \u2018a volley\u2019. The following day, he claims forty or fifty were \u2018among the cattle\u2019 and that only by a \u2018determined front\u2019 did they drive them away.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML07\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebaac",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
                "datestart": "1839-03-28",
                "dateend": "1839-03-28",
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                "udateend": -4126586692000,
                "latitude": "-34.1117930340598",
                "longitude": "141.88823882991",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML07",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML07",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaac",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
            "display": {
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                    "links": [
                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Record: tebaac",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaac"
                        },
                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
                    "TLCMapID": {
                        "id": "tebaac",
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                    },
                    "Layer": {
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            }
        },
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                "coordinates": [
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Sturt\u2019s Expedition to the Mouth of the Murray, 22 January 1830",
                "placename": "Murray River, not far east of the Darling junction",
                "description": "While sailing down the Murray, a large number of Aboriginal people gathered on the banks and on a sand bar in front of them waving spears. Sturt and his men were prepared to fire but were saved doing so by another Aboriginal group who intervened and calmed the aggressors.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML01\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebaad",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
                "datestart": "1830-01-22",
                "dateend": "1830-01-22",
                "udatestart": -4416199492000,
                "udateend": -4416199492000,
                "latitude": "-34.1112409997621",
                "longitude": "141.90438600043",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML01",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML01",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaad",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
            "display": {
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                    "links": [
                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Record: tebaad",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaad"
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                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
                    "TLCMapID": {
                        "id": "tebaad",
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                    "Layer": {
                        "name": "Lower Murray War and Resistance (community contributed)",
                        "url": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                }
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        },
        {
            "type": "Feature",
            "geometry": {
                "type": "Point",
                "coordinates": [
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Attack on Henry Inman as he overlanded stock to Adelaide, March 1841",
                "placename": "Location unknown, possibly the Murrumbidgee River near its junction with the Darling",
                "description": "While overlanding stock from New South Wales to South Australia, Henry Inman left the main party to scout the area and was speared by three Aboriginal men who approached him.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML18\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebaae",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
                "datestart": "1841-03-01",
                "dateend": "1841-03-01",
                "udatestart": -4065761092000,
                "udateend": -4065761092000,
                "latitude": "-34.0926221435144",
                "longitude": "142.019325246997",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML18",
                "LocationAccuracy": "District",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML18",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaae",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
            "display": {
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                    "links": [
                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Record: tebaae",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaae"
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                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
                    "TLCMapID": {
                        "id": "tebaae",
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                    "Layer": {
                        "name": "Lower Murray War and Resistance (community contributed)",
                        "url": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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        },
        {
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                "coordinates": [
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "McLeod and Flood\u2019s provisioning party \u2018ambushed\u2019 on the Murray, 29 October 1839",
                "placename": "Near the North-West Bend of the Murray",
                "description": "McLeod and Flood, transporting provisions to Finniss\u2019 overlanding party, report being \u2018ambushed\u2019 on 29 October. They fell back to their drays and after half an hour\u2019s firing, in which there were \u2018one or two well told shots\u2019, the clash was over.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML11\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebaaf",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
                "datestart": "1839-10-29",
                "dateend": "1839-10-29",
                "udatestart": -4108010692000,
                "udateend": -4108010692000,
                "latitude": "-34.0861849623427",
                "longitude": "139.962491761968",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML11",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML11",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaaf",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
            "display": {
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                    "links": [
                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Record: tebaaf",
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                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
                    "TLCMapID": {
                        "id": "tebaaf",
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        },
        {
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                "coordinates": [
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "Snodgrass\u2019 overland party attacked on the Murray River and 300 sheep driven off, 21 October 1839",
                "placename": "\u2018Murray River\u2019",
                "description": "It was reported in the press that Snodgrass\u2019 overlanding party had \u2018several serious collisions\u2019 with Murray River Aboriginal people, in which four or five Aborigines people were wounded and 300 sheep driven off. The sheep were recovered by Langhorne\u2019s party who were then attacked by 200 people, who they fired upon, \u2018wounding some\u2019.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML09\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebab0",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
                "datestart": "1839-10-21",
                "dateend": "1839-10-21",
                "udatestart": -4108701892000,
                "udateend": -4108701892000,
                "latitude": "-34.0746669997404",
                "longitude": "141.249967999765",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML09",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML09",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebab0",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
            },
            "display": {
                "popup": {
                    "links": [
                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Record: tebab0",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebab0"
                        },
                        {
                            "text": "TLCMap Layer",
                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
                    "TLCMapID": {
                        "id": "tebab0",
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                    "Layer": {
                        "name": "Lower Murray War and Resistance (community contributed)",
                        "url": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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        },
        {
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            "geometry": {
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                "coordinates": [
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            },
            "properties": {
                "name": "O\u2019Halloran and Moorhouse Expedition to the River Murray, 31 May \u2013 22 June 1841",
                "placename": "Adelaide to the vicinity of the Rufus River",
                "description": "Expedition led by Police Commissioner O\u2019Halloran and Protector Moorhouse, and including 24 Mounted Police, 18 Mounted Special Constables, 8 Special Constables on foot, and another dozen support staff travel from Adelaide on 31 May to Rufus River to recover stock recently lost and support incoming overland parties. By 22 June they were approaching the Rufus River area.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML22\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebab1",
                "state": "SA",
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                "dateend": "1841-01-01",
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                "udateend": -4070858692000,
                "latitude": "-34.0602669348616",
                "longitude": "141.222067087015",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML22",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML22",
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                "name": "Report that Mackinnnon\u2019s overland party attacked and overseer killed, c. 21 October 1839",
                "placename": "\u2018Dead Man\u2019s Flat\u2019",
                "description": "Report that Mackinnon\u2019s overland party was attacked and their overseer killed.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML10\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
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                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate",
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                "name": "Shaw Moorhouse Expedition travels from Adelaide to Lake Victoria, 31 July to 27 August 1841",
                "placename": "5 miles west of Rufus River",
                "description": "A new government expedition, under the authority of Sub-Inspector Shaw and Protector Moorhouse leaves Adelaide on 31 July to provide protection for Robinson and Levi\u2019s party coming overland. On 27 August they reach a point 5 miles west of Rufus River.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML25\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
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                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML25",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Close",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML25",
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                "name": "Attack on Robinson and Levi\u2019s Overland party at the Rufus River, 26 August 1841",
                "placename": "A couple of miles east of Rufus River",
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                "state": "SA",
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                "udateend": -4050381892000,
                "latitude": "-34.0555603882884",
                "longitude": "141.27397652766",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML26",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Close",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML26",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebab4",
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                            "link": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                    ]
                },
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                        "url": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                "name": "Sub-Protector Eyre visits the Rufus in the aftermath of the massacre, January 1841",
                "placename": "Moorundie",
                "description": "Sub-Protector Eyre visits the Rufus and Lake Victoria to help establish \u2018friendly feelings\u2019, and travels back to Moorundie. <br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML31\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebab5",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "latitude": "-34.0515397632714",
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                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML31",
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            "properties": {
                "name": "O\u2019Halloran and Moorhouse Expedition investigate site of attack on Langhorne\u2019s party, 22-25 June 1841",
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                "description": "On 22 June the Expedition comes across the remnant of Langhorne\u2019s party. On 24 June they visit the site where the attack had occurred, found the body of Martin, which they buried, and the remains of about 1000 sheep had been slaughtered. Although they sent two parties to scour the surrounding country they failed to find the attackers.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML24\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebab6",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "latitude": "-34.0457247565308",
                "longitude": "141.271700657566",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML24",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Close",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML24",
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                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                "name": "Rufus River Massacre, 27 August 1841",
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                "description": "The Shaw-Moorhouse meets with Robinson\u2019s Overlanding party. Combined they number about 55 men. About 150 Aboriginal people start advancing toward them and both parties open fire and continue firing for about fifteen to twenty minutes.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML27\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebab7",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "udateend": -4050813892000,
                "latitude": "-34.0453025911746",
                "longitude": "141.273192752066",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML27",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Close",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML27",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebab7",
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            "properties": {
                "name": "Aboriginal woman raped at the Expedition\u2019s camp near the Rufus, 27 August 1841",
                "placename": "Near Rufus River",
                "description": "A few hours after the clash at the Rufus River, two shepherds raped one of the Aboriginal women who had been taken prisoner.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML28\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebab8",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "LocationAccuracy": "Close",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML28",
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            "properties": {
                "name": "Attack on Langhorne\u2019s overlanding party at Rufus River, c. 22 June 1841",
                "placename": "Rufus River",
                "description": "Langhorne\u2019s overlanding party was attacked by about 500 Aboriginal people as they were crossing provisions at Rufus River near Lake Victoria. In the engagement, that lasted about 20 minutes, he reported that four of his men and about five Aboriginal people were killed.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML23\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
                "id": "tebab9",
                "state": "SA",
                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML23",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Close",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML23",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebab9",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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            "properties": {
                "name": "O\u2019Halloran\u2019s Police expedition to the River Murray, 22 April \u2013 5 May 1841",
                "placename": "Anlaby station to the \u2018Dead Man\u2019s Flat\u2019",
                "description": "O\u2019Halloran led a Police Expedition which included thirteen Mounted Police to recover sheep stolen when Inman and Field\u2019s overland party was attacked. The expedition reached the vicinity of \u2018Dead Man\u2019s Flat\u2019 but were recalled by the newly arrived Governor Grey before they reached the \u2018Hornet\u2019s Nest\u2019.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML20\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
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                "state": "SA",
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                "latitude": "-34.0430043590847",
                "longitude": "139.864792070544",
                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML20",
                "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate",
                "War": "murraylands",
                "Identifier": "ML20",
                "TLCMapLinkBack": "https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaba",
                "TLCMapDataset": "https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2498"
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                            "text": "TLCMap Record: tebaba",
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                    ]
                },
                "source": {
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                        "id": "tebaba",
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            "properties": {
                "name": "Buchanan\u2019s party fired on an Aboriginal group, killing one person, 7 December 1839",
                "placename": "9 miles west of Dead Man\u2019s Flat",
                "description": "Buchanan describes seeing many Aboriginal people on the opposite bank of the river and reportedly fired on them killing one person.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML14\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
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                "latitude": "-34.0126490307127",
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                "linkback": "https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML14",
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                "name": "Lieutenant Kessop\u2019s overland party attacked on River Murray, February 1840",
                "placename": "\u2018the Murray\u2019",
                "description": "Lieutenant Kessop\u2019s overlanding party arrives in Adelaide, reporting a clash \u2018on the Murray\u2019 in which \u2019several\u2019 Aboriginal people were \u2018shot\u2019.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML15 \">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
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                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "name": "Clash with Lieutenant Field\u2019s Volunteer Rescue Party near the \u2018Hornet\u2019s Nest\u2019, 13 May 1841",
                "placename": "Near the \u2018Hornet\u2019s Nest\u2019",
                "description": "Ten \u2018gentlemen volunteers\u2019 set out to recover Inman and Field\u2019s sheep. Arriving at the \u2018Hornet\u2019s Nest\u2019 on 13 May, they were confronted by a party of two to three hundred Aboriginal people. A contest lasted for thirty minutes before the volunteer party retreated.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML21\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
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                "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <i>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</i>,  The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href=\"http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier\">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a>",
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                "War": "murraylands",
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                "name": "Attack on Inman and Field\u2019s Overlanding Party at the \u2018Hornet\u2019s Nest\u2019, 16 April 1841",
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                "description": "Inman and Field\u2019s overlanding party, 40 miles east of Lake Bonney, was confronted by a party of three to four hundred Aboriginal people. In the clash on attacker was observed \u2018to fall\u2019, but quickly encircled, and a number of men speared, they retreated and after a week\u2019s travel made their way back to Hallett\u2019s station in the mid-north.<br>(See <a href=\"https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/murraylands/#ML19\">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)",
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                "War": "murraylands",
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