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                "name": "Fort Dundas",
                "description": "Poignant (1996, p 27) wrote that these events are commemorated in a corrobboree by Melville Islanders. This was the first attempt at European settlement in Northern Australia.  There is no record of how many Tiwi Islanders were killed, although reports of deaths put the figure as 'minimal' notwithstanding heavy fortification and the posting of sentries. It is reported that the Tiwi consider the abandonment of Fort Dundas as a victory in repelling the English from their soil, which was threatened by grass and tree cutting and voracious use of precious water supplies.\nReid (1990, p 17) wrote that Captain Gordon Bremer arrived on 23 September with fifty marines and soldiers, and several wives and children, but without official instructions as to how he should handle the local people.  He had merely been told they were 'understood to be of a ferocious disposition'. Within a month the Tiwi had attacked, and one was shot in reprisal.  Thereafter the Aborigines were seldom seen but they tore down huts, speared the livestock, stole the tools of working parties. Warruminguand, in October 1826, killed a white man.  \n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\nIn November 1827 the surgeon, Dr John Gold, and storekeeper, John Henry Green, walking near Fort Dundas, were attacked and killed. By this time it was apparent that Apsley Strait was unsuitable as a trading settlement.\n...\nIn 1828 Fort Dundas was abandoned in favour of Fort Wellington, which had been set up at Raffles Bay in July 1828, but where relations with the Aborigines were no better.  The commandant, Captain Henry Smyth, possibly mindful of the experience on Melville Island, sent out armed patrols with his working parties.",
                "id": "te16fd",
                "source": "Poignant, R, 1996, p 27; Reid, G, 1990, p 17. See also Powell, 2016, pp 90-91 and Fredericksen, 2024, pp 1-29.",
                "datestart": "1824-01-20",
                "dateend": "1828-07-21",
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                "linkback": "https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=987",
                "Source_ID": "987",
                "LanguageGroup": "Tiwi",
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                "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",
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                "AttackersDead": "0",
                "AttackerDescription": "Government Official(s), Military",
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                "AboriginalPlaceName": "Punata",
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                "name": "Pirlangimpi / Garden Point",
                "description": "Hostility increased and colonists were regularly raided, including at Garden Point / Pirlangimpi. This site has been added to \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdColonial Frontier Massacres\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd project from \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdThe South Australian Frontier and its Legacies\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd in order to represent the known war in the Tiwi Islands, with 3 sites required to form a polygon.",
                "id": "te16fe",
                "source": "Morris, John 'The Tiwi and the British: an ill-fated outpost' in Aboriginal History, v 25, 2001, pp 261-243",
                "datestart": "1824-11-01",
                "dateend": "1824-12-01",
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                "linkback": "https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p72971/pdf/ch1612.pdf",
                "LanguageGroup": "Tiwi",
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                "Victims": "Colonists",
                "VictimsDead": "2",
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                "Attackers": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",
                "AttackerDescription": "Warrior(s)",
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                "War": "Tiwi",
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                "name": "Fort Wellington, Raffles Bay",
                "description": "According to archaeologist John Mulvaney  (1989, p 69), on 30 July 1827, Captain Henry Smyth, 39th Regiment Commandant at the British Settlement at Fort Wellington, Raffles Bay, exasperated by 'habitual pilfering' by the Iwaidja, 'and following the wounding of a soldier [James Taylor]\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdresponded by ordering an indiscriminate attack' on the Iwaidja encampment with an 18 pound cannon and killed up to 30 men, women and children. \n \nThe settlement [Fort Wellington] had been established only a year earlier, following clashes with the Tiwi people at Fort Dundas on nearby Melville Island. John Sweatman, the clerk on board <i>HMS Bramble</i> which visited the fort  in 1846, recorded both the event and the effect the killings would have had on the Iwaidja: 'Here [at Fort Wellington] the party again found the natives hostile and after being perpetually attacked, Capt. Smythe, the commandant, determined to try the effect of a severe lesson; he accordingly turned his people out and in one night shot about 30 of the natives, the rest flying for their lives. The consequence of this decisive measure may be imagined, when it is remembered that the severest conflicts of the natives themselves often involve the loss of more than one life, and even that is sufficient to throw a whole tribe into the deepest sorrow and frenzy: it quite settled the matter, no more natives were seen for some months' (Allen & Corris, 1977, pp 135-136). See also the <a href=\"https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=987\">Fort Dundas</a> massacre.",
                "id": "te16ff",
                "source": "Mulvaney 1989, p 69; Allen & Corris 1977, pp 135-136.  See also: <i>HRA, III,</i> Vol v, pp 816-20 <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26181/22300321.v1\">https://doi.org/10.26181/22300321.v1</a>; <i>HRA III,</i> Vol vi, p 777 <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.26181/22300324.v1\">https://doi.org/10.26181/22300324.v1</a>; Wilson 1968, p 148; Connor 2002, p 74; McKenna 2016, p 73; Powell 2016, p 90-91; <i>The Colonist</i>, August 4, 1838, p 5 <a href=\"http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31721457\">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31721457</a>. See also Powell, 2016, pp 90-91.",
                "datestart": "1827-07-30",
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