ghap_id,layer_id,title,record_type,description,latitude,longitude,datestart,dateend,source,linkback,created_at,updated_at,linked_dataitem_uid,Source_ID,LanguageGroup,Colony,StateOrTerritory,PoliceDistrict,Victims,VictimsDead,VictimDescription,Attackers,AttackersDead,AttackerDescription,CorroborationRating,War,Stage,Region,Period,AboriginalPlaceName
te160b,2489,"Leichhardt River",Event,"Encounter by Frederick Walker's expedition in search of Ludwig Leichhardt and Burke and Wills with Aboriginal people at Leichhardt River. 'My men shot two ducks in the river; and a couple of blacks were watching them a little down the river. After dinner, or a make-shift for one, my men went over towards the river, in hopes of getting some ducks; but as they were crossing the plain they saw two mobs of blacks approaching. As their appearance looked hostile, they returned to camp. I directed Mr Macalister, Mr Haughton, Patrick, Jungle, Rodney and Coreen Jemmy, to get some horses saddled. In the meanwhile Jemmy Cangara mounted a tree, to observe the movement of the blacks. He reported that they were stretching out in a half moon, in three parties. This move, which my men term stockyarding, is, I believe, peculiar to blacks throwing spears with a woomera, the object being to concentrate the shower of spears. It was one long familiar to me, and I directed Mr Macalister to charge their left wing. The result was that the circular line doubled up, the blacks turned and fled. Their right wing which was, I think, the strongest mob, got over the river, and were off, but their centre and left wing suffered heavy loss' (<i>The Argus</i>, 16 April, 1862, p 7).",-18.208,139.89,1861-12-01,1861-12-01,"<i>The Argus</i>, April 16, 1862, p 7 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5713401"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5713401</a>; Walker, 1863.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=652,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0d44,652,Ngawun,QLD,QLD,Burke,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",6,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Explorer(s),*,"Gulf Country",Burketown,"Gulf Country",North,
te160c,2489,Burketown,Event,"In 1868, the Burketown correspondent of the <i>Brisbane Courier</i> (9 June, p 3) reported that D'Arcy Uhr and his detachment of native police had shot a total of 59 Aboriginal people. The first incident involved killing more than 30 people in reprisal for the spearing of several horses close to Burketown. ""I much regret to state that the blacks have become very troublesome about here [Burketown] lately. Within ten miles of this place they speared and cut steaks from the rumps of several horses. As soon as it was known, the Native Police, under Sub-inspector Uhr, went out, and, I am informed, succeeded in shooting upwards of thirty blacks."" (The Brisbane Courier, 9 Jun 1868) This was followed by more killing at <a href=""https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=752"">Norman River</a>.",-17.8729,139.642,1868-04-01,1868-05-31,"<i>Brisbane Courier</i>, 9 June 1868, p 3 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1299073"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1299073</a>; <i>Queenslander</i>, 13 June 1868, p 7 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20319067"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20319067</a>; Loos, 1982, p 36-37; Ashwin, 2002, p 158; Roberts, 2005, p 12.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=751,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0df6,751,,QLD,QLD,Burketown,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",30,,Colonists,0,"Native Police",**,"Gulf Country",Burketown,"Gulf Country",North,
te160d,2489,"Norman River, Gulf Country",Event,"In 1868 the Burketown Correspondent for the <i>Brisbane Courier</i> reported that 
following directly on from a massacre at <a href=""https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=751"">Burketown</a>
a native police detachment led by D'Arcy Uhr had 'rounded up' a further 3 groups of Aboriginal people (with 14, 8 and 9 people in each group) and shot them in reprisal for the murder of a man named Cameron and a 'chinaman' (<i>Brisbane Courier</i>, June 9, 1868, p 3).

""No sooner was this done, than a report came in that Mr. Cannon had been murdered by blacks, at Liddle and Hetzer's station near the Norman. Mr. Uhr went off immediately in that direction, and his success I hear was complete. One mob of fourteen he rounded up; another mob of nine, and a last mob of eight, he succeeded with his troopers in shooting. In the latter lot there was one black who would not die after receiving eighteen or twenty bullets, but a trooper speedily put an end to his existence by smashing his skull. In the camp of the last lot of blacks, Mr. Uhr found a compass belonging to a Mr. Manson of the Norman, and a revolver belonging to a Chinaman. He then followed the tracks of the sheep Manson and the Chinaman had a short time before passed with, and in a waterhole found the bodies of poor Manson and the Chinaman cut about and mutilated in a most frightful manner. Cameron's body has also been found. In this expedition I am informed Mr. Uhr was accompanied by Mr Hetzer, who has been very kind and indulgent to the myalls for a long time, but now sees his folly. Everybody in the district is delighted with the wholesale slaughter dealt out by the native police, and thank Mr Uhr for his energy in ridding the district of fifty-nine (59) myalls. Cassidy's station, on the Upper Leichhardt, has also been attacked, and one man speared. Albert Downs station, on the Gregory, was also attacked by blacks a short time back, and all the fire- arms, axes, and chisells [sic] taken off."" (The Brisbane Courier, 9 Jun 1868)",-17.702,141.095,1868-04-01,1868-05-31,"<i>Brisbane Courier</i>, June 9, 1868, p 3 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1299073"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1299073</a>; Queenslander, 13 June 1868, p 7 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20319067"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20319067</a>; Roberts, 2005, p 12.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=752,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0df8,752,,QLD,QLD,Burketown,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",31,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Native Police",**,"Gulf Country",Burketown,"Gulf Country",North,
te160e,2489,"Sweers Island, Gulf of Carpentaria",Event,"In 1872, a small party of colonists, including employees at the Normanton Customs Station, landed on Sweers Island in the Gulf of Carpentaria 'and a number of Blacks were shot' (Richards, 2008, p 57). According to Timothy Bottoms, 'a magisterial inquiry' held early the following year', revealed that the incident was purely opportunistic but no one was arrested for their involvement (Bottoms, 2013, p 169).",-17.131,139.614,1872-01-01,1872-12-31,"Richards, 2008, p 57; Bottoms, 2013, p 169.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=965,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0da4,965,Kayardild,QLD,QLD,Normanton,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",6,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Government Official(s)",**,"Gulf Country",Early,"Gulf Country",North,
te160f,2489,"Lagoon Creek, Gulf Country",Event,"Dillon Cox, Wentworth D'Arcy Uhr, James Barry, William Harvey, James Broderick, Jimmy Soo and  Ah Choo were taking a party of 125 horses from Burketown to Port Darwin in June 1872 when they encountered Aboriginal warriors in the vicinity of Lagoon Creek near the Qld border. According to Tony Roberts (2005, pp16-17):
""As the horse party with four of the men made camp beside a deep creek in the late afternoon, Aboriginals were heard calling out from along the creek. Cox and Ah Choo readied themselves to guard the horses, while Uhr and Barry rode across to the far bank intending to find and confront whoever was there. Each man was armed with a rifle and a revolver. A boomerang was thrown, narrowly missing Barry, and as he charged his horse at the assailant a large number of Aboriginals ran up towards them from the creek bed and the shooting began. The Aboriginals retreated but then emerged on the other side of the creek, trying to surround Cox and Ah Choo. They were driven off and chased back along the creek by Uhr and Barry. 
It was Uhr's custom in situations like this not merely to drive the Aboriginals off but to 'teach them a lesson'.""
Each man was armed with a .45 calibre rifle and a pistol. Uhr had a Martini-Henry rifle which could fire accurately to 1000 yards and Barry had a Westley Richards which could fire up to 400 yards. 
Barry later published an edited account of the expedition in the <i>Brisbane Courier</i> (October 27, 1874, p 3). As Roberts (2005, p 17) noted: ""Barry does not reveal how many Aboriginal casualties there were, but detailed descriptions of numerous frontier battles show that a large force of Aboriginals with vastly superior numbers and little or no knowledge of guns will retreat only after many of their number have fallen.""",-17.541,138.069,1872-06-01,1872-06-15,"<i>Brisbane Courier</i>  September 16 1874, p 3 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1388547"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1388547</a>;  October 27 1874, p 3<a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1390427"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1390427</a>; Roberts 2005, pp 16-17.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=946,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0d83,946,"Yanyuwa, Garrwa",QLD,QLD,"No police presence at that time (Borroloola Police Stn not established until Oct 1886).","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",6,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Explorer(s), Stockmen/Drover(s)",**,"Gulf Country",Early,"Gulf Country",North,
te1610,2489,"Robinson River",Event,"'Among the first to follow in the tracks of Cox and Uhr in 1872, and not far behind them, were Joe Walker (aka Joe Pettit), Tommy McBride, both horse thieves, with Billy Banks who followed soon after Cox and Uhr' (Roberts 2005, p 24). Arthur Ashwin knew both Walker and McBride and spoke about their 1872 overland journey from Qld to the NT in his <i>Reminiscences</i>: 'They had a very rough time with the niggers' (cited in Roberts 2005, p 24).  Roberts re-tells the story, with interspersed direct quotations from Ashwin: 'One night, possibly near the Queensland border, the men saw figures in the darkness and began shooting. The Aboriginals then attacked, but after suffering casualties they ran off and all was quiet until the morning: ""then they came in strength and Joe and Billy [Banks] made sure of a nigger every shot and told [McBride] not to fire and waste cartridges. They soon dispersed them"". That night, while camped at what appears to have been the Robinson River, they noticed Aboriginals gliding silently across to the other bank on pandanus logs, a method widely used in the Gulf country and elsewhere in the north to protect against crocodiles. The men assumed another attack was underway ""���just as the moon was going down there was a good mob there and Joe and Billy fired into them as fast as they could. They had two Colt revolvers each and did good work. Tommy McBride did not have a shot. Joe had a shot or two at niggers' heads as they swam back; they splashed a lot to frighten the alligators""' (Roberts 2005, p 25).",-16.76,136.981,1872-07-20,1872-07-21,"Roberts, 2005; Ashwin, 2002",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1102,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0cf8,1102,"Garawa, Gunindiri",SA,NT,,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",10,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,,*,"Gulf Country",Early,"Gulf Country",North,Mungoobada
te1611,2489,"Lagoon near Nicholson River",Event,"William Batten, a former assistant to George De Lautour, was returning to 'the settled districts' of Queensland with his colleague Aitken. Both resigned from De Lautour's party (Roberts, 2005, pp 38-39) and reached the Nicholson on 2 December where Batten gave some rations to a large number of Aboriginal people then was killed by six or seven Aboriginal men with nulla nullas while Aitken was 300m down the river fishing for dinner (Queenslander, 26 Jan 1878, p 20). Aitken fired at them, killing one. 
<br>
These were thought to be the same people who had recently been driven from a station on the Gregory River for cattle killing, 'The scene of the murder is only about thirty-five or forty miles from the Messrs. Watson's station on the Gregory, from which station it is stated the murderers had been driven for spearing cattle.' (Queenslander, 26 Jan 1878, p 20)
<br>
Aitken reported to police at Normanton and a punitive expedition led by Sub-Inspector Lyndon Poingdestre (including both Aitken and De Lautour) departed six days later. 
<br>
The matter was also mentioned by another reporter in The Queenslander: 'This, the Bynoe Native Mounted Police camp, is the basis of protection to the settlers for no less a distance than to the boundary west and Creen Creek east; and shortly after having visited it the officer (Sub-inspector Poindestre), according to instructions, proceeded to the Nicholson, nearly 200 miles distant, upon the news of the murder of Mr. Batten reaching Normanton.' (Queenslander, 10 Aug 1878, p 587
<br>
A traveller in the area later reported the site of the Batten's murder (and so the destination of the punitive expedition) to be a lagoon half a mile from the Nicholson River, and about 50 miles south west of Burketown (this could be any number of locations in a broad area), and that the Aboriginal people had been 'deservedly punished': 'Camping at a fine lagoon (Emu), alive with waterfowl, half a mile from the river and about fifty miles south-west of Burketown, close to the spot at which a few weeks later Mr. Batten was murdered by the blacks, for which outrage they have been deservedly punished (his fleshless remains, by the way, have since received Christian burial), we are suddenly disturbed during the night, not by backs, as we at first supposed, but by a large mob of wild cattle as they are making their way to water, and shortly after daylight a few are observed on the plains a long way off.' (The Queenslander, 5 Oct 1878, p 12)",-17.956,138.833,1876-12-02,1876-12-20,"Roberts, 2005, pp 38-39
The Queenslander, 26 Jan 1878, p20 <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19764341"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19764341</a>
The Queenslander, 10 Aug 1878, p 587 <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19775427/2239821"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19775427/2239821</a>
The Queenslander, 5 Oct 1878, p 12 <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19776523"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19776523</a>",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=989,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0dd0,989,,QLD,QLD,"No police district at that stage","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",20,,Colonists,0,Police,*,"Gulf Country",Early,"Gulf Country",North,
te1612,2489,"Calvert River",Event,"Roberts (2005, p 53) wrote: 'Another attack at about this time, at the Calvert River, was said to have been punished severely. Dick Moore was a brumby-hunter who made his living from trapping Price Cox's thoroughbred horses and their progeny. Moore and his Aboriginal ""boy"" were living in a bough and canvas camp on a lagoon near the west bank of the river. They had a clear view on all sides to prevent a surprise attack during the daylight, while cattle dogs guarded at night. One night, not long after Moore settled there, a spear pierced his tent fly. He decided to ""get a blow in early that would teach the blacks a lesson"", wrote Gordon Buchanan, and: ""His Queensland black boy was a good tracker and rifle shot, and for months they followed up and dispersed, so it was said, numbers of natives, and captured and secured���a couple of young gins."" Moore is alleged to have shot down ""bush blacks"" on sight, once killing thirteen while they were crossing a plain.'",-16.343,137.666,1880-10-01,1880-12-31,"Roberts, 2005, p 53.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=990,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0dd2,990,"Garawa, Mara, Yanyuwa",SA,NT,"No police district at that stage","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",30,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Overlander(s),**,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,Yangulinyina
te1613,2489,"Norman District",Event,"Following an Aboriginal attack on the town of Normanton during the 1883 wet season in which rations, clothes, cutlery, fowls, a carbine and ammunition 'and a dozen new white shirts were stolen', a detachment of native police led by Sub-Inspector Walter Jones set off in pursuit a few weeks later. Three days later, the  detachment returned with some of the stolen property 'and satisfactory tidings that the mob had been too thoroughly dispersed to trouble Normanton again this season' (Brisbane Courier, 31 March 1883, p 6).",-17.476,141.154,1883-02-01,1883-02-15,"Brisbane Courier, 31 March 1883, p 6 <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3416542"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3416542</a>",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1075,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0cc8,1075,,QLD,QLD,Normanton,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",6,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Native Police",*,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,
te1614,2489,"Skeleton Creek",Event,"From Roberts (2005, p 58): 'Early in 1884 the third mob of cattle for McArthur River Station, 1200 head from Lawn Hill (Boodjamulla is the Waanyi name), were delivered by Charley Willis. His party included Tudor Shadforth, Carl Hansen (later 'George Nicholson'), Louis ('Mickey') Nash, Charley Gaunt, and John Garrett. At a creek between the Calvert and Robinson rivers their camp was attacked at night by Garrwa who stampeded the cattle and drove off some of the hobbled horses. None of the party was injured. The tracks led to three dead horses and another so badly speared it had to be shot. Continuing on their way after mustering the cattle, the men met Jack Watson, who worked on Lawn Hill and was returning home after delivering the second mob to McArthur River. With him were four Queensland 'boys'. After learning what had happened, Watson swore he would ""teach the blacks a lesson"" when he reached the creek. Frank Hann, who owned Lawn Hill, stated in a letter the following year that the attackers were in the act of cooking the horse meat ""when my people came on them"", referring apparently to Watson and his boys. ""I believe that very few of them got away���"" This was later confirmed by Charley Gaunt: ""Spending two weeks on the creek, he [Watson] tracked and hunted those niggers, shooting them down as he came up (p 59) with them, until there was not a black on the creek. He was merciless and spared none."" The place where this happened became known as Skeleton Creek'. Charlie Gaunt (1931, p 4), who was present, made a fleeting reference to this massacre in his recollections published in 1931.",-16.168,137.499,1884-02-01,1884-02-28,"Roberts, 2005, p 59; Gaunt, 'Old Time Memories: The Birth of Borroloola' in <i>Northern Standard</i>, 13 October, 1931, p 4 <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/48051049"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/48051049</a>; Ritchie, <i>Lead in my Grandmother's Body</i> (exhibition) <a href=""https://www.leadinmygrandmothersbody.com"">https://www.leadinmygrandmothersbody.com</a>; See Auvergne Station in Lewis, 2021, p 11.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=995,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0ddb,995,Garawa,SA,NT,Unpoliced,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",50,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Overlander(s),***,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,
te1615,2489,"Massacre Inlet, Gulf Country",Event,"This massacre survives as oral history in the Borroloola region in the NT. 'Massacre Inlet' was named because Aboriginal people were rounded up, herded into an inlet and shot. The name of the inlet is well known to the people of the Gulf country. The <i>Garawa Land and Sea Country Plan</i>, p 7 states, 'In the mid-1800s, European explorers, stockmen, drovers and pastoralists began to pass through our country using our tracks and rivers as stock routes. Our country was well suited to grazing cattle and by 1874 permanent pastoral occupation had been established. Much of their settlement on country was not done peacefully. As more settlers came it became harder for us to access the places we visited for food and water. Our Elders were chased away and even shot at and killed. We called this time is [sic] our history Wabulinji ('Wild Time') and is especially painful as our people struggled and died fighting to stay on country and keep their families alive.' The history of the Burke Shire (Queensland Places, nd) carries this account: 'Further west along the unsealed Doomadgee road is the Hells Gate roadhouse for tourists and travellers. The name is a reminder of the pass through the Constance Range where travellers in the 1870s faced Aboriginal attack. Massacre Inlet, north of Hells Gate, marks the place where European settlers from the Westmoreland homestead slaughtered nearly all the Ngyanga Aborigines in 1884 in reprisal for an attack.' Massacre Inlet is marked on 1936 and 1945 pastoral maps of Northern Australia.",-16.753,138.331,1884-06-01,1884-06-02,"<i>Garawa Land and Sea Country Plan</i> p 7 <a href=""https://www.clcac.com.au/sites/default/files/downloads/clcac_garawa_land_sea_country_plan_web_version_50dpi.pdf"">https://www.clcac.com.au/sites/default/files/downloads/clcac_garawa_land_sea_country_plan_web_version_50dpi.pdf</a>; Queensland Places, Burke Shire: <a href=""https://queenslandplaces.com.au/burke-shire"">https://queenslandplaces.com.au/burke-shire</a>; Personal communication (E Webber to R Smith, 5 Dec 2021); <a href=""https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-229930404/view"">https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-229930404/view</a> and <a href=""https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-410786254/view"">https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-410786254/view</a>.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1070,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0cbe,1070,Nyangga,QLD,QLD,Burketown,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",30,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Pastoralist(s),*,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,
te1616,2489,"Calvert Downs",Event,"The following are extracts from Letter to Mattie [Martha Earle McCracken (1811-1893)] from her brother Robert [Bob] McCracken of Calvert Downs Station, via Burketown, 1 September 1885: (1) responding to her concern that he should have cause to use pistols, he wrote: 'You have very little notion of what an exciting time a person has here to preserve his own life to say nothing of the cold lead he has to fire away in the endeavour. Of course no one ever troubles about the effect of said lead, each side buries their own and heals the wounded.' (p 3) and (2) 'Then, still more seeing the necessity for having thieves to catch thieves he [Charles Fraser Gardiner, the owner of the station] was continually talking of the matter and when he went away was going to bring some back with him but the ""Myalls"" in the meantime, finding we were unable to (without Black assistance, and having none) hunt them down became quite cheeky killing cattle and horses within a few miles of the camp and even getting on adjacent rocky hills and shouting and gesticulating defiance at us. Killing odd ones or even twos or threes is no good, they are never missed and nothing but wholesale slaughter will do any good. For instance some time ago one team was on the road and at night was camped with another team having about 40 horses in all. In the night the Blacks attacked the horses wounding three of ours and killing three of the other peoples. The damage was discovered at daylight in the morning and as soon as our horses could be saddled their tracks were followed from where they had cut up the horses, through the wet grass, about 8 miles to their camp on a lagoon. There were five rifles and a Blackfellow with a knife and tomahawk and the result was out of a possible 200, 90 killed and wounded in the camp besides what wounded escaped. That Black with the Tommy was a perfect artist, equal to any two guns in the quantity he polished off���' (pp 5-6).",-16.525,137.575,1885-05-01,1885-05-31,"Letter to Mattie, 1/9/1885, Robert Niall/Elsie Ritchie Collection; Roberts, 2009, np;  Searcy, 1909,  p 174.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1040,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0c90,1040,"Garawa, Mara, Yanyuwa",SA,NT,Borroloola,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",60,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Stockmen/Drover(s), Pastoralist(s)",***,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,
te1617,2489,"Abner Range",Event,"Roberts (2009, np) wrote: 'Ted Lenehan (a stockman on McArthur River Station) was ""hunting blacks"" in March 1886 when he was killed (speared). His body was dismembered in a practice performed by the Ngarnji tribe ""for particularly violent men, to prevent their spirit from continuing to perform evil deeds"". After Lenehan's death, Sir John Cockburn, minister for the Northern Territory in the Downer Government in South Australia, ordered Constable William Curtis and five native police based at the Roper River to investigate. In May 1886, they met with the station manager, Tom Lynott, and 15 stockmen, including the notorious Tommy Campbell. [There were] Aboriginal stockmen from Queensland, whose tracking skills were invaluable���One of the massacres that followed occurred on top of the Abner Range, a hundred kilometres from where Lenehan had been killed. After picking up the fresh tracks of about 70 or 80 fleeing Aboriginals, the party of 22 galloped after them. The blacks were travelling so fast that some of the old ladies couldn't keep up and were left behind. Charley Gaunt, one of the white stockmen, later wrote a detailed account of what happened, but was silent on whether the old ladies were shot.'",-16.8,135.883,1886-04-01,1886-05-31,"Roberts, 2009, np; O'Brien & Adams, 1999, p 7; <i>NTTG</i>,  April 24, 1886 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3159378"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3159378</a>; Costello 1930, pp 164, 167; <i>Northern Standard</i>, October 16, 1931, <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48050361"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48050361</a>; May 29, 1934 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49494183"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49494183</a> and June 1, 1934 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49494267"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49494267</a> p 508 & p 517; Bottoms, 2013, pp 156-158.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=705,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0d9c,705,"Garawa, Ngandji",SA,NT,"Roper River","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",25,,Colonists,0,"Native Police, Aboriginal Tracker(s), Pastoralist(s)",***,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,
te1618,2489,"Massacre Waterfalls, Dunganminnie",Event,"Following the spearing death of Ted Lenehan in April 1886, and the reprisals that followed, there was an attack on the McArthur River head station by Aboriginal people. Tom Lynnott, with Tommy Campbell, went out in reprisal and headed for Dunganminnie Spring in the Abner Range. Tony Roberts (2005, p 181) explained: ""Along the steep western face of the Abner Range a narrow, almost hidden, opening leads through the cliffs into a small gorge and spring at the base of a series of falls, known as Massacre Waterfalls. There is one entrance and no exit."" 

Quoting Traine, he wrote: ""The blacks were camped around the spring when their pursuers reached the top of the cliff in the early hours of the morning���When daylight came, the natives were all killed with the exception of a little girl who was brought back to the Station and taken charge of by the wife of the Resident Magistrate who was stationed at Borroloola a few years later."" 

Quoting Hill: ""Cliff Lynott, Tom's brother, now in a lonely grave on the Roper, telling the story in after years said that they counted the dead only in Dunganminnie. There were twenty-two."" 

Quoting Morcom: ""Charley Havey did tell me the reason [for] the name of Massacre Waterfalls, and even now up in the gorge can be seen skulls and bones bearing grim evidence of the awful slaughter enacted there."" And quoting an unnamed Gudanji man: ""There was a mob of Aboriginals camping here [at Dunganminnie] in the old times, poor buggers���They into them and shot them all. They shot at the whole mob. Some fellas got out, some got up the steep cliffs. The water hole was all blood���girls and boys, old women and men were shot.""",-16.806,135.777,1886-04-01,1886-05-31,"Roberts, 2005, pp 180-181.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1069,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0cbc,1069,"Garawa, Yanuywa, Gudanji",SA,NT,"Roper River","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",22,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Pastoralist(s),**,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,
te1619,2489,"Branch Creek, Wollogorang Station",Event,"Roberts (2005, p 201) wrote: ""Lawrence Wells, a member of the border survey party, called at Westmoreland station in August 1886 where he learned of a massacre on Wollogorang [Station]. At a place called The Pocket, on Branch Creek, he was told that 'many natives had been shot by the whites for cattle-spearing - the gins and picaninnies sometimes sharing the same fate'. Among the station managers and stockmen in this border country, Wells observed, were 'rough, hard cases, quite capable of retaliating and taking the law into their own hands' for the spearing of cattle.""",-17.227,137.983,1886-07-15,1886-07-17,"Roberts, 2005, p 201.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1079,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0ccf,1079,Garrawa,SA,NT,Borroloola,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",15,,Colonists,0,Pastoralist(s),*,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,
te161a,2489,Yulbara,Event,"Roberts (2005, pp 190-191) wrote: 'Around midnight on 28 July 1886, a party of Yanyuwa men attacked a cutter named the <i>Smuggler</i> while it was anchored between Vanderlin Island and the Mouth of the McArthur River. Well-known Gulf identity Captain Alfred Toms was killed and members of his crew were wounded...A number of Yanyuwa men, women and children were walking on the beach at a place called Murruba, on the southern tip of Vanderlin Island, as the <i>Smuggler</i> made its way slowly along the coast, between the beach and Little Vanderlin Island which lies a kilometre offshore. A shot from a heavy rifle rang out and a man in the group fell to the ground, bleeding. He died soon afterwards. His companions were puzzled as to why, and some wondered how, but others knew about the white man's deadly, long-range rifles. In later years there was speculation that a Martini-Henry must have been used. About twelve kilometres further along the coast is a narrow stretch of white sand, backed by dense scrub. Here a freshwater creek, containing pandanus-lined waterholes, flows into the sea. The creek, beach and locality are called Yulbarra���Some or all of the men from the <i>Smuggler</i> went ashore and began shooting people, apparently for sport. When the shooting began, the Yanyuwa ran away.'",-15.817,137.045,1886-08-01,1886-08-31,"<i>NTTG</i>, 18 September 1886, p 2, <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3160088"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3160088</a>; Roberts, 2005, pp 190-191",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=998,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0de0,998,Yanyuwa,SA,NT,"No police district at that stage","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",20,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Sailor(s),***,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,Yulbara
te161b,2489,Normanton,Event,"Native police led by Lyndon Poingdestre shot dead six Aboriginal people and burnt the bodies. With evidence destroyed, no conviction was recorded (Richards 2008, p 34).",-17.602,140.948,1887-01-01,1887-12-31,"Richards, 2008, p 34.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=663,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0d57,663,,QLD,QLD,Normanton,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",6,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Native Police",**,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,
te161c,2489,"Lower Wearyan River",Event,"Roberts (2005, p 198) wrote: ""Old Lhawulhawu went on to describe a major massacre there [Manangoora on the lower Wearyan River], possibly by the same people responsible for the one on McPherson Creek. 'Then the white men went to Mangoora and it was at this time where the Garrwa people, the Gudanji people and the Yanuwa people had come together for ceremonies. Some white people asked about bullocks. They hit people and they shot people and then left. The Yanyuwa, Garrwa and Gudanji people had been there for a Wambuyungu (funeral) ceremony. After the white people did this the people went south and hid themselves inside caves. The white people followed their tracks and saw the smoke of their fires and they heard the small children crying. Those white people found those people and they stood them up in a line and shot them, they shot them repeatedly and they shot all the old people inside that cave. They shot them until they were all dead. This was because of a milking cow. It was not like this at Borroloola; the white man did not shoot people there'.""",-16,136.83,1888-01-01,1888-12-31,"Roberts, 2005, p 198.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1048,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0c9b,1048,"Garawa, Yanuywa, Gudanji",SA,NT,"Palmerston (Darwin)","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",40,,Colonists,0,"Stockmen/Drover(s), Pastoralist(s)",**,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,Manangoora
te161d,2489,"Abner Range, Malakoff Creek",Event,"According to Roberts (Roberts, 2009, np) six years after the Lenehan murder and reprisal massacres, in 1892, a massacre occurred on top of the Abner Range, 100km from where Lenehan had been killed, where a party of 22 went after about '70 or 80 fleeing Aboriginals'. The fleeing group went to the top of the Abner Range, thinking the horses would not be able to reach the top. The horsemen did find a way to the top and followed the tracks left behind to an Aboriginal camp. Roberts wrote: 'The men, in pairs, formed a half-circle around the sleeping camp ��� some of them as close as 20 metres. On the far side of the camp was a sheer, 150-metre drop. The numerous small fires were evidence of a large number of people. Curtis said he would fire first, as soon as it was light enough to see. Shooting sleeping victims at first light was a standard method. Exhausted, the occupants of the camp slept soundly. But, at times, according to Gaunt, ""we could hear a piccanninny cry and the lubra crooning to it"". When it was finally light enough to see, an Aboriginal man sat up and stretched his arms. ""Smith fired and the police boy with me fired at the sitting Abo. The black bounced off the ground and fell over into the fire, stone dead. Then pandemonium started. Blacks were rushing to all points only to be driven back with a deadly fire���One big Abo, over six feet, rushed toward the boy and I. I dropped him in his tracks with a well-directed shot. Later on, when we went through the camp to count the dead and despatch the wounded, I walked over to this big Abo and was astonished to find, instead of a buck, that it was a splendidly built young lubra about, I should judge, sixteen or eighteen years of age. The bullet had struck her on the bridge of the nose and penetrated to the brain. She never knew what hit her���When the melee was over, we counted fifty-two dead and mortally wounded. For mercy's sake, we despatched the wounded. Twelve more we found at the foot of the cliff fearfully mangled.""  Below the cliff was the head of a creek, which Tom Lynott named Malakoff Creek, after a bloody battle during the siege of Sevastopol in the Crimean War. When a camp was attacked in daylight, the whites were usually mounted and, unless the country was open and flat, it was often possible for a number of occupants to escape. In some cases, they watched in horror, unseen, as whites dispatched the wounded. Adults and children received a bullet to the brain, while babies ��� whether injured or not ��� were held by the ankles ""just like goanna"", their skulls smashed against trees or rocks. A crying baby left behind when Garrwa people fled a camp on the Robinson River was thrown onto the hot coals of a cooking fire, still crying' (Roberts, 2009, np).",-16.7,135.88,1892-01-01,1892-12-31,"<a href=""https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2009/november/1330478364/tony-roberts/brutal-truth#mtr"">Roberts, 2009, np</a>. SEE ALSO O'Brien & Adams 1999; <i>NTTG</i>,  April 24, 1886 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3159378"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3159378</a>; Costello, 1930, pp 164, 167; <i>Northern Standard</i>, October 16, 1931, <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48050361"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article48050361</a>; May 29, 1934 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49494183"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49494183</a> and June 1, 1934 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49494267"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49494267</a> p 508 & p 517; Bottoms, 2013.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1047,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0c9a,1047,Garawa,SA,NT,Borroloola,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",64,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Stockmen/Drover(s), Pastoralist(s)",***,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,"Tongalongina (Gudanji name)"
te161e,2489,"Corella Creek, Bowgan",Event,"See also Nicholson River massacre. 
It was widely believed that station worker George William Clarke and the station cook Charles Deloitte were killed at Bowgan Station by Aboriginal workers 'Walter' and 'Monkeyboy'. Two reprisal massacres took place in pursuit of the alleged killers. 
The first was at Corella Creek on Bowgan Station, and led by station owner, Tom Perry. According to Charles Gaunt, 'Walter' and 'Monkeyboy' sought refuge with  a group of Aboriginal people who were not involved in the killings.
<br>
'The party on the way to Bowgun crossed Corella Creek, eighteen miles from Brunette and just at that particular time a big mob of blacks had come in from the Westward and was camped at the big hole about a mile and a half below the crossing. The party discovered the blacks and the. blood lust being strong in these men, thirsting for revenge, they rounded up these blacks, innocent of any crime at the time, and shot down bucks, lubras and piccaninnies. The terrified blacks jumping into the water hole were slaughtered in dozens. (This was told to me a short time afterwards at Eva Downs by three of the party, one being Tom Perry). The party then proceeded on the way leaving the camp a shambles and the waterhole a grave for those shot in it'  (Gaunt, February 19, 1932, p 2),
<br>
'Walter' was killed in the reprisal massacre. Monkey Boy escaped and died of natural causes. 
<br>
Perry, who led the reprisal massacres was the part-owner and manager of Cresswell Downs Station (aka Bowgan Downs because of a creek on the station by that name).
<br>
A Borroloola Police Station Letter Book entry of June 1893 records that GW Clarke (one of the murdered) was in possession of cattle, the property of F Bourke of Fitzroy River in WA.",-17.985,135.534,1892-02-01,1892-02-28,"Read and Read 1991, pp 26-28; GSNT Record 579; <i>NTTG</i>, March 4, 1892, p 3 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3320941"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3320941</a>; <i>NTTG</i>, March 5, 1897, p 3 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3320941"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4165959</a>; Gaunt, 'The Tragedy of Bowgun [sic]', <i>Northern Standard</i> (Darwin) 19 February 19, 1932 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49488610"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49488610</a> p 3; NTRS 2710 ��� Borroloola Police Letter Books ��� entry, June 1893; Morrison <a href=""https://www.australianfrontierconflicts.com.au"">https://www.australianfrontierconflicts.com.au</a>; Ucko & Layton 1999; SA Legislative Council Select Committee Inquiry into the Aborigines Bill 1899.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=714,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0dab,714,"Garawa, Yanuwa",SA,NT,"Anthony's Lagoon","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",30,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Pastoralist(s),***,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,
te161f,2489,"Fish Creek, Nicholson River",Event,"See also Corella Creek massacre. 

This was the second massacre, led by Tom Perry and pastoralists/station workers in reprisal for Aboriginal people known to colonists as 'Walter' and 'Monkey Boy' killing George William Clarke and Charles Deloitte at Creswell Down Station on 30 January 1892.  
The massacre took place at Fish Creek on the  Nicholson River.
<br>
Gaunt, in the <i>Northern Standard</i> of 19 February 1932, (p 3) described the previous 'Corella' massacre as 'one of the largest, if not the largest, in the history of the Northern Territory' and said that 'dozens' of Aboriginal people were killed, including 'bucks, lubras and picanninies'. This massacre appears to be of similar if not greater proportions. 
<br>
'They slaughtered the blacks with the same zeal that they killed the blacks on Corella Creek. Following the natives up from camp to camp, killing on sight until the blood lust was appeased. The slaying was big and with the massacre of the Corella blacks combined the number must have been very great. I cannot give any statistics as I don't know the numbers.' (Gaunt, 1932)
<br>
Aboriginal oral histories record: 'All the old ladies couldn't run fast enough. Well, those few ladies, mother of this mob ���So they shottem, shot all these old ladies. Shottem. (and burnt them)' (Read & Read, 1991, pp 26-28).  
<br>
After the massacre Perry took one of the boys whose parents had been killed, made him a servant and named him 'Peter'. 'He (Perry) used to abuse and punish the boy on any pretext, and I remarked to Tom Perry one day, ""That boy, when he gets a little bigger, will do you in Tom."" Perry only laughed at this warning. I spoke only too true. Later, the boy Peter one night shot Tom Perry dead, was brought to Darwin, and sentenced to ten years in Fanny Bay gaol.' (Gaunt, February 19, 1932, p 2)",-17.97,137.16,1892-02-03,1892-02-03,"Read & Read, 1991, pp 26-28; GSNT Record 579; NTTG, March 4, 1892, p 3 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3320941"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3320941</a>; NTTG, Dec 25, 1896, p 3 <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3333508"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3333508</a>; NTTG, 18 Dec 1896 <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3333451/826807"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/3333451/826807</a>; NTTG, Mar 5, 1897, p 3 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4165959"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4165959</a>; Gaunt <i>Northern Standard</i>, (Darwin) February 19, 1932 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49488610"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article49488610</a>; NTRS 2710/P1 Borroloola Police Day Book - Memo, Foelsche to MC Power - 12 March 1892",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=717,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0db0,717,"Garawa, Yanuwa",SA,NT,Borroloola,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",30,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Manager(s), Pastoralist(s)",***,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,Nudjabarra
te1620,2489,"Baladuna Waterhole",Event,"Roberts (2005, p 201) wrote: ""In 1897, a large number of Garrwa people, among them Peter Garinjamaji and Illiburra ('Crooked Foot'), were gathered for a Kunabibi ceremony at Baladuna Waterhole on Settlement Creek. Many were shot when a large group of armed stockmen from Wollogorang led by the manager, Robert ('Bob') Shadforth, attacked the gathering and kidnapped women, including one of Illiburra's wives. Garinjamaji was shot in the shoulder by an infamous stockman of mixed descent named Yellow Paddy. The survivors fled into the rugged hills where Illiburra, a tall man regarded by Europeans as the local 'king', immediately planned a counter-attack, sending nightly scouting parties to watch the station. It was Shadforth he particularly wanted, which suggests he may have had other grievances against him.""",-17.045,137.915,1897-05-15,1897-05-15,"Roberts, 2005, pp 58 and 201; Jane Morrison, Australian Frontier Conflicts, <a href=""https://www.australianfrontierconflicts.com.au"">https://www.australianfrontierconflicts.com.au</a>; Spearim, B and McVeigh, S ABC News, 19 December 2022, <a href=""https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-12-19/fred-leone-garrinjamaji-aboriginal-warrior-family-ties/101761576"">https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-12-19/fred-leone-garrinjamaji-aboriginal-warrior-family-ties/101761576</a>",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1078,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0cce,1078,Garrwa,SA,NT,Borroloola,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",15,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Pastoralist(s),***,"Gulf Country",Mid,"Gulf Country",North,
te1621,2489,Dungginmini,Event,"The date of this massacre is unclear, but the perpetrator has been identified. Lewis (2021, np) provided these details:

""On the McArthur River some 60 km upstream from the McArthur River Mine is Dungginmini: a permanent waterhole which is a Gurdanji sacred place...John Avery recorded a narrative of a massacre at this place from a land claim informant during 1977:

""There was a mob of Aboriginals camping here in the old times, poor buggers, when Top Station was up. Frank Meagan came out with pack horses, plant, trailing horses and rifles. They been hunting around for people to shoot. They left their horses north of the spring and swung around the spring. They ran into them and shot them all. They shot the whole mob. Some fellas got out, some got up the steep cliffs. The waterhole was all blood���girls and boys, old women and men were shot. They did the same all around right down to Kilgour and Amelia Spring. Frank Meagan also poisoned people at Warunguri'."" 

Roberts (2005, p 184) clarified 'Meagan's' identity. He was most likely Reading Littler 'Frank' Meeking who worked on McArthur River and Elsey Stations. 

In 1903 he was the sole applicant for 100 square miles of land under pastoral lease north-west of Borroloola (NTTG, 25 Dec 1903, p 4) and by 1914 was advertising as a saddler in Darwin (NTTG, 10 Sept 1914, p 16).",-15.886,136.451,1910-07-01,1910-07-15,"Lewis, G in Bainton & Skrzpek (Eds) (2021), Asia-Pacific Environment Monograph 15, np; Roberts, 2005, p 184; NTTG, 25 Dec 1903, p 4 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4314575"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article4314575</a> and 10 Sept 1914, p 16 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3279979"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article3279979</a>.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1080,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0cd1,1080,Gurdanji,SA,NT,Borroloola,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",15,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Pastoralist(s),***,"Gulf Country",Late,"Gulf Country",Late,Dunginmini
te1622,2489,"Bentinck Island, Gulf of Carpentaria",Event,"According to Tim Bottoms, 'In 1914 a man named John McKenzie made an unauthorised attempt to settle on Bentinck Island' (Bottoms, 2013: 169). Dibirdibi (Roma Kelly), a Kaiadilt descendant from Bentinck, told linguist Nicholas Evans what her parents told her, which was that 'During his short time on Bentinck Island, McKenzie systematically tried to eliminate the Kaiadilt, riding across the island on horseback, and shooting down everyone but the girls he intended to rape' (Kelly and Evans, 1985, p. 45). From oral sources Norman Tindale compiled a detailed genealogy from which he estimates that in about 1918 eleven people were killed 'by a white raid' (Tindale, 1962b, p 305). Kelly and Evans estimate this to be 'about 10% of the Kaiadilt population' (Kelly and Evans, 1985, p 45). Tindale gives details of McKenzie's time on Bentinck and Sweers Islands in another article (Tindale, 1962a, pp 266-7).",-17.046,139.496,1918-01-01,1918-12-31,"Bottoms, 2013, p 169; Kelly & Evans, 1985, pp 44-45; Tindale, 1962a; Tindale, 1962b",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=673,"2025-08-11 10:46:24","2025-08-11 10:46:24",td0d6a,673,Kaiadilt,QLD,QLD,Burketown,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",11,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Settler(s),***,"Gulf Country",Late,"Gulf Country",Late,
