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    <name><![CDATA[Flinders Ranges War and Resistance]]></name>
    <description><![CDATA[<p>With European settlement on the Adelaide Plains commencing in 1836, the frontier began to extend northwards, into the generally temperate country of the mid-north. By the early 1840s it had reached the southern Flinders Ranges (today&rsquo;s Crystal Brook, Wirrabara and Wilmington) and by the late 1840s and early 1850s it reached the semi-arid lands of the central and northern Flinders Ranges, beyond what came to be known as &lsquo;Goyder&rsquo;s Line&rsquo;. Named after the Surveyor-General, George Goyder, this was the boundary between lands primarily suited to agriculture and country better suited to pastoralism.<a href="#sdfootnote1sym">1</a> Nearly all of South Australia&rsquo;s frontiers were pastoral frontiers, motored by settlers driving sheep and cattle in search of fresh pastures. Conflict almost inevitably followed as Aboriginal people resisted incursions into their Country.</p>
<p>By 1 July 1851, Johnson Frederick Hayward and Septimus Boord had established respectively Aroona Station near Wilpena Pound and Oraparinna Station to the east of Aroona.<a href="#sdfootnote2sym">2</a> At the time, these were two of the most northerly pastoral stations in the colony. Clashes with Aboriginal people in the more southern Mount Arden district of the Flinders Ranges had been regularly occurring throughout 1851 and early 1852. In his reminiscences, Richard Dewdney (a stockman on Oraparinna), refers to &lsquo;Blacks at that time &hellip; giving much trouble, to such as extent as to inforce [sic] the use of Fire Arms [sic]&rsquo;. Arriving at Wilpena station on returning from a trip to Port Augusta, Boord learned that &lsquo;Aroona was stuck up and surrounded with Blacks&rsquo;. The flimsy huts, made of &lsquo;pine and thatched roofs&rsquo;, were &lsquo;barricaded with Station hands unable to get out and sadly in need of assistance&rsquo;. There were no police in Flinders Ranges at this early stage of European occupation and &lsquo;nor were they sought for&rsquo;. On hearing the news, Boord immediately went to the assistance of his neighbour Frederick Hayward. He collected 'what men and instruments of protection or Slaughter available made a B line for Aroona. Result a speedy retreat of the Blacks. History -in those days- did not record casualties, any way trouble ended'.<a href="#sdfootnote3sym">3</a> ['in those days' crossed out]</p>
<p>Dewdney goes on to recall that immediately following this, a shepherd was murdered by Aboriginal people at Youngoona (an Aroona outstation). Government correspondence indicates that Hayward&rsquo;s shepherd, Robert Richardson, was killed by Aboriginal people in March 1852. Although the police arrested suspects, they were eventually released because of a lack of evidence. Nonetheless, Hayward&rsquo;s memoir reported taking the law into his own hands, with Hayward and his men raiding an Aboriginal camp and reportedly killing as many as fifteen men.<a href="#sdfootnote4sym">4</a> Dewdney refers to the Aboriginal group taking refuge in the ABC Range East of St Mary&rsquo;s Peak, and a stockman named Johnny Rose shooting &lsquo;an impudent black&rsquo;, but &lsquo;in his wisdom kept out of the way till matters quietened&rsquo;.</p>
<p>Adnymathanha oral histories recall Hayward as a brutal man who was largely responsible for the deaths of many Aboriginal people, including men from a number of different groups who had travelled vast distances and were passing through Brachina Gorge (near Aroona Station) on their sacred journey to collect ochre from the famous Pukardu/Bookatoo mine.<a href="#sdfootnote5sym">5</a></p>
<p>Although the number of deaths is disputed, the pattern of settlers responding punitively to Aboriginal attacks on men, stock and property became routine. One such case was the reprisal killings in the wake of the payback killing of sixteen-year-old James Stacey Brown near (what is today known as) Quorn in September 1842. James had recently arrived in the district to assist his elder brothers. Prior to James&rsquo; arrival, Aboriginal people had taken sheep from neighbouring stations and an Aboriginal man named Williamy had been killed by a shepherd employed by the Ragless brothers.<a href="#sdfootnote6sym">6</a> There had been numerous tense confrontations between Aboriginal people and colonists, over stock and likely over women.</p>
<p>In revenge for James Brown&rsquo;s death, three separate parties of Europeans set out to pursue the group responsible and recover the 300 sheep taken from the flock James was shepherding. Tracks were followed for over 70 miles over three days, and a group of Aboriginal people were seen ahead of the sheep, making their way to the scrub that lay to the west of a range of hills near Lake Torrens. According to the pursuers&rsquo; depositions (taken by Protector Moorhouse several weeks later), on seeing the Europeans, women and children apparently ran into the thick mulga scrub to the west, where pursuit was difficult, and four Aboriginal men were pursued up a rocky bluff, from where they reportedly resisted arrest and threw stones and boomerangs at the Europeans. Several of the depositions state that the Aboriginal men called the white men &lsquo;bloody rogues&rsquo; and &lsquo;bloody liars&rsquo;. They pointed out that only one white man (James Brown) had been killed, and that &lsquo; blackfellows got no &ldquo;butter&rdquo; white fellows plenty butter&rsquo;. They taunted the whites, saying &lsquo;come on you white buggers&rsquo;.<a href="#sdfootnote7sym">7</a> According to the depositions collected by Moorhouse, four Aboriginal men were shot, however settler reminiscences and Aboriginal oral histories suggest many more Aboriginal people were killed than the number reported to Moorhouse.</p>
<p>Visitors to the Flinders Ranges in the late 1850s and early 1860s often reported on settler/Aboriginal violence. John Bowyer Bull, taking sheep to a station near present day Beltana, wrote that he &lsquo;was surprised to see nothing but Black women there, no Black men&rsquo;. On asking the women where the men were, he was told &ldquo;crackaback, dead &hellip; alabout white fellow shoot am&rdquo;.<a href="#sdfootnote8sym">8</a> In the 1980s, Claude Demell who was born in the northern Flinders Ranges in 1908 stated in an oral history interview that</p>
<p><em>There was a lot of people shot in the old days &hellip;Them days a lot used to be frightened. Mustn&rsquo;t talk about it because the white fella will come and shoot you. Trying to bluff us out of it so we didn&rsquo;t talk about it see. Only kill your kangaroo, wallaby, emu and rabbits but never touch sheep</em><a href="#sdfootnote9sym">9</a></p>
<p>Claude spoke of killing of Aboriginal people at Arcoona and Wirrapa stations.</p>
<p>As the frontier advanced northward, Mounted Police, usually operating in pairs, followed close behind, especially in the aftermath of reported clashes. In July 1863, Corporal Wauhop and Police trooper Poynter came upon a party of about forty Aboriginal people who they believed had been killing cattle and robbing huts north-west of Beltana. The Aboriginal party threw waddies and boomerangs at them as they approached, and Wauhop reported they were forced to &lsquo;defend themselves with our revolvers&rsquo;. He noted that they were a group that had come down from the Lake Hope region in the north to collect red ochre.<a href="#sdfootnote10sym">10</a> Aboriginal parties from the north regularly travelled south to Parachilna to collect the special ochre, and clashes often occurred during those trips. In late 1863, Police Commissioner Warburton led a major police expedition to the South Eastern and Eastern side of Lake Eyre. Protector Moorhouse expressed concern about the number of men and munitions being sent north, describing them as &lsquo;War-Like preparations&rsquo;.<a href="#sdfootnote11sym">11</a> If Warburton&rsquo;s own account of the expedition is to be trusted, they encountered very few Aboriginal people and the expedition served primarily as a &lsquo;show of force&rsquo;.<a href="#sdfootnote12sym">12</a></p>
<p>Many settlers identified an Aboriginal man known as Pompey as a leader of the Aboriginal resistance in the region. He was believed responsible for &lsquo;burning a station and spearing two men&rsquo; in the late 1850s. Station owner, Robert Bruce, considered him &lsquo;the leader of all the plots and depredations both of the Hill and Saltwater&rsquo; tribes, while Mounted Constable Burt wrote that he was &lsquo;the ringleader of all the strife&rsquo;. He was arrested at the time, but soon escaped custody. In 1863 Pompey led a party of men robbing an outstation on Samuel Stuckey&rsquo;s Umberatana property where he was reported at an encampment of Aboriginal people at the station &lsquo;inciting his companions to further violence&rsquo;. When Stuckey investigated Pompey started to flee, so he shot and killed him. Two subsequent inquiries into Stuckey&rsquo;s actions both found it to be &lsquo;justifiable homicide&rsquo;.<a href="#sdfootnote13sym">13</a></p>
<p>In 1865 a catastrophic drought took hold in the north; pastures were bare, waterholes were drying up, stock was dying, as were the native flora and fauna. When a shepherd was killed near Mount Fytton in April 1865, a local settler wrote of the Aboriginal people in the district:</p>
<p><em>They see our people settle in their country, occupy it all, and wantonly destroy the animals on which the natives had depended for food. They cannot prevent or obtain redress for this; but when they are reduced to the verge of starvation, and, following the example of the white men, seek it from the flocks and herds of the white men, they are hunted, captured, and chained; and this, and this only, is the need of care hitherto bestowed on them in the Far North by the government of South Australia.</em><a href="#sdfootnote14sym">14</a></p>
<p>Competition for scarce resources was clearly a source of conflict in the region. From August to December 1865 there were a series of clashes between Aboriginal people and settlers on Perigundee station near Lake Hope. Men on the station seem to have been making a concerted effort to drive Aboriginal people off. A newspaper reported that Dean had burnt down a number of Aboriginal camps &lsquo;and then proceeded to drive the natives backwards.&rsquo;<a href="#sdfootnote15sym">15</a> On the night of 8 December, William Dean, with a party of 10 men, were camped on the run while tracking cattle that had been driven off. They were attacked by a party of 160 Aboriginal men, with one station worker killed and three others injured. The station workers fired upon their attackers until they retreated. A local Police Trooper later reported that four had been killed and several others injured.<a href="#sdfootnote16sym">16</a> In response, the government ordered a large police expeditionary force to recover stock and provide protection. A fourteen-man party set off from Lake Hope with eighteen days of supplies. Inspector Roe and his party returned to Port Augusta in March 1866, but no details of what transpired seem to exist.<a href="#sdfootnote17sym">17</a> These clashes on Perigundee station were among the last episodes of frontier conflict in the district for which we have documentary evidence. However, Aboriginal oral histories recorded by the Lutheran missionary Johann Reuther in the late 1800s-early 1900s and Luise Hercus in the 1980s refer to Aboriginal people being shot by police at Poeppel Corner, Koonchera waterhole, Kaparamara, and near Beltana. Reuther also recorded an oral history of two white men, Lines and Damet, shooting a Dieri man named Ngardutjankana.<a href="#sdfootnote18sym">18</a></p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote1anc">1</a> W. Meinig, <em>One the Margins of the Good Earth: The South Australian Wheat Frontier </em>(Adelaide, SA Govt. Printer, 1988), 44-46.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote2anc">2</a> Johnson Frederick Hayward&rsquo;s pastoral lease is dated 1 July 1851, State Records of South Australia [SRSA] GRS 3570 file 80.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote3anc">3</a> Richard Dewdney, &lsquo;Reminiscences Past to Present&rsquo;, handwritten manuscript, State Library of South Australia (SLSA), D736(L), 9.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote4anc">4</a> Johnson Frederick Hayward, &lsquo;Reminiscences of Johnson Frederick Hayward&rsquo;, in <em>Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, South Australian Branch</em>, vol. XXIX (1927-28), 138-9.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote5anc">5</a> Vince Coulthard, Cliff Coulthard and Des Coulthard, interview with Skye Krichauff, Aroona Junction, 20 April 2022.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote6anc">6</a> C.W. Stuart, Inspector of Police, to Commissioner of Police, 20 April 1852 GRG 24/6/1852/1252, SRSA; Protector&rsquo;s quarterly report for the period ended 31 March 1852, <em>South Australian Government Gazette</em>, 17 June 1852, 366.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote7anc">7</a> Benjamin Ragless &amp; George Ragless deposition, 14 October 1842, Edward Polhill deposition, 11 October 1842, Thomas Gilbanks deposition, 15 October 1852, SRSA, GRG 24/6/1852/3215.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote8anc">8</a> John Bowyer Bull, handwritten manuscript, PRG 507/8, SLSA.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote9anc">9</a> Claude Demell, interview with Adele Pring, Port Germein, 1987.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote10anc">10</a> Corporal Wauchop to Chief Inspector Hamilton, 29 July 1863, GRG 5/2/1863/306, SRSA.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote11anc">11</a> Protector of Aborigines, docket note on file, 11 August 1863, GRG 5/2/1863/306, SRSA.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote12anc">12</a> Police Commissioner Warburton to Chief Secretary, 16 October 1863, GRG 5/2/1863/306, SRSA.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote13anc">13</a> <a href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/39131446/3916616"><em>South Australian Register</em>, 4 May 1864 3</a>; <a href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/3916498"><em>South Australian Register</em>, 6 May 1864, 2</a>.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote14anc">14</a> <a href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/3913970"><em>South Australian Register</em>, 13 October 1865, 2-3</a>.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote15anc">15</a> <a href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/3914091"><em>South Australian Register</em>, 30 December 1865, 2</a>.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote16anc">16</a> <a href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/41022634/3951754"><em>South Australian Register</em>, 5 September 1866, 4</a>; Police Trooper Poynter to Inspector Roe, 25 December 1865, GRG 5/2/1866/56, SRSA.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote17anc">17</a> Police Commissioner Warburton to Inspector Roe, 15 January 1866, GRG 5/2/1866/56, SRSA; Inspector Roe to Police Commissioner Warburton, Lake Hope, 29 January 1866, GRG 5/2/1866/56, SRSA.</p>
<p><a href="#sdfootnote18anc">18</a> See the oral history page o(<a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/oralhistories/">https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/oralhistories/</a>) on Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies,</p>
<p>The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, <a href="https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/4755c59ae93447a9b0acf9b2b0b265f6/page/Home#data_s=id%3AdataSource_1-18fa5a839db-layer-6%3A479">The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</a>,</p>
<p><em>Contributors: Robert Foster &amp; Skye Krichauff</em></p>
<p><strong>Data generously shared by:</strong><em> </em>Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, <em>The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies</em>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024,&nbsp;<a href="http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier">http://ua.edu.au/south-australian-frontier</a></p>]]></description>
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According to Foster and Nettelbeck (2001, p 102), in the aftermath of the Richardson killing, Hayward 'with several companions ascertained where the Yuras were camped, in a gorge between the Heysen and ABC ranges, about four miles from Youngoona and thirteen miles south of Aroona homestead [and in Hayward's words] "determined to attack them at dawn" and capture the males, among them those suspected of Richardson's murder'... Hayward describes "a good fusillade" on the Yura camp' (Foster and Nettelbeck, 2001, p 102). Initially Hayward insisted that most had escaped and a few were wounded but in a later account in his own hand he states '... that we had killed 40, 50 or 60 blackfellows' with the numbers crossed out and replaced with '15 or 20'. The number killed appears as 15 in the final publication of this account (Foster and Nettelbeck, 2001, p 102).
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      <description><![CDATA[Anderson, Mr Tennant’s overseer, stated that Aboriginal people had ‘appeared on the rocks near Mt Brown & had pelted him with stones’. Being alone, he did not fire. When joined by a shepherd, the two Europeans fired, ‘but without effect’.  <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#SF06">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
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        <coordinates>137.97560651731,-32.4389325745329</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Rumour that the shepherd Roberston had been murdered, May 1855]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[In mid-May it was reported that Robertson, a shepherd in the employ of Mr Patterson, had disappeared, believed murdered, but subsequent investigations showed that he had merely left his employment.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN09">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba79'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1855-05-01</begin>
        <end>1855-05-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
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          <value><![CDATA[District]]></value>
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN09]]></value>
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    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.042347731692,-32.3282661123191</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Killing of James Brown near Mount Brown, 19 September 1852]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[On Sunday, 19 September, 16-year-old James Brown went out with a large flock of sheep. He was unarmed. When James did not return with the sheep that evening, a search commenced. His brother, John Brown, and a shepherd, John McCrorey, found his naked and mutilated body on the morning of 20 September. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#SF28">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba7a'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1852-09-19</begin>
        <end>1852-09-19</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
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        <Data name="War">
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[SF28]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.011558197213,-32.3243355206334</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[One hundred and seventy sheep reported to have been taken from Mr Brown’s station near Mount Arden, first quarter of 1851]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Reporting on the first quarter of 1851, Protector Moorhouse stated that the Mount Arden locality had been ‘recently occupied’ and 170 of Mr Brown’s sheep had reportedly been taken by ‘the natives’.  <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#SF23">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba7b'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1851-01-01</begin>
        <end>1851-01-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
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        <Data name="War">
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[SF23]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.012496646529,-32.3104371861189</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Killing of Whitney and Scott (Tennant’s shepherds), between Mount Brown and Mount Arden, 6 February 1846]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[When two of Mr Tennant’s shepherds, Donald Scott and Charles Whitney, and some sheep went missing in February 1846, the shepherds were initially thought to have absconded.  Their remains were found in July 1846. Nakhunda Biddeah (aka Bitherri Pirria) and Meiya Mukarta (aka Taikurri Pirria) were tried at the Supreme Court in March 1847 but liberated due to the lack of an efficient interpreter. This case raised concerns about subjecting Aboriginal people who did not understand English, and for whom no interpreter was available, to British law.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#SF05">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba7c'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1846-02-06</begin>
        <end>1846-02-06</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
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        <Data name="War">
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[SF05]]></value>
        </Data>
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    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>137.865342099888,-32.2611505997116</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[White and Polhill's station at Mount Arden ransacked, 23 February 1853]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[While the owners were away from the station, Aboriginal people wrenched the doors of the huts open and stole flour, tea, sugar tobacco and items of clothing. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN08">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba7d'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1853-02-23</begin>
        <end>1853-02-23</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
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          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN08]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.112529645428,-32.1713821277745</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Sheep driven off Raglass’ station, March 1852]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Sheep driven of Raglass’ station at Mount Arden<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN06">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba7e'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1852-03-01</begin>
        <end>1852-03-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
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          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN06]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>137.640361999624,-32.1398949997781</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Europeans’ depletion of water and confrontation between Horrocks, Gill and several Aboriginal people in the vicinity of Depot Creek, 22 August 1846]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Having persuaded a woman to show them water and confronting two men and a boy armed with spears, explorer John Horrocks and ST Gill ascended a nearby hill. The Europeans realised they were being observed carefully by several groups of Aboriginal people. After drinking again from the waterhole and watering their horses, they passed a ‘very ferocious and threatening’ man and were followed and threatened by six men armed with spears. Gill and Horrocks fired to frighten the men, who reportedly were not afraid. The men laughed at Gill and Horrocks, and set fire to the scrub.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#SF08">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba7f'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1846-08-22</begin>
        <end>1846-08-22</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[approximate]]></value>
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[SF08]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.121150768227,-32.1345702456785</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Between 14 and 20 sheep allegedly taken from Mr Raglass’s station, first quarter of 1851]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Reporting on the first quarter of 1851, Protector Moorhouse stated that the Mount Arden locality had been ‘recently occupied’ and one hundred and seventy of Mr Brown’s sheep had reportedly been taken by ‘the natives’.  <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#SF24">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba80'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1851-01-01</begin>
        <end>1851-01-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
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        <Data name="War">
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[SF24]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>137.649027268331,-32.1174003187725</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Reprisal killings in the wake of James Brown’s death, 23 September 1852]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[At the instigation of John Brown (brother of James Brown), a group of fifteen Europeans (including Police Constable Phillips) and two Aboriginal men (Melia and Mt Brown Tommy) tracked the sheep belonging to James Brown. On the third day, Aboriginal people and the sheep were found ‘on top of a high range of hills near Lake Torrens’. According to European depositions taken by Protector Moorhouse, four Aboriginal men were shot dead after refusing arrest and throwing a boomerang, spears and stones at the Europeans. Oral histories and written reminiscences suggest the number of Aboriginal people killed was higher than reported.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#SF29">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba81'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1852-09-23</begin>
        <end>1852-09-23</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Close]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[SF29]]></value>
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    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.130972910713,-32.0986273050034</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[One hundred and twenty sheep taken from the Ragless brothers’ station and Europeans attacked with spears and stones when attempting to recover them, July 1852]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Benjamin Ragless deposed that Aboriginal people in the district had ‘become very daring’ since the withdrawal of police (due to the Victorian gold rush). One hundred and twenty sheep were taken in July 1852. The three Europeans who attempted to recover these sheep were attacked with spears and stones. The Europeans were forced to retreat.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#SF27">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba82'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1852-07-01</begin>
        <end>1852-07-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[SF27]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.087778683307,-32.093366964358</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Two hundred sheep taken from George, Joseph and Benjamin Ragless’s station, May 1852]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[In October 1852, Benjamin Ragless deposed that since the withdrawal of the police in the Mount Remarkable district due to the Victorian gold rush, Aboriginal people have ‘become very daring’. They took two hundred sheep in May 1852, none of which were recovered.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#SF26">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba83'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1852-05-01</begin>
        <end>1852-05-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[SF26]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.001572833535,-32.0667138440298</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Killing of ‘Williamy’ on Raglass’ station, March 1852]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Aboriginal man named Williamy was killed about six miles north of Mount Arden. His killer was reported to be a man known as Irish Jack, a shepherd employed by Mr Raglass. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN07">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba84'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1852-03-01</begin>
        <end>1852-03-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Close]]></value>
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN07]]></value>
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    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.1393799003,-32.0496584801341</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Aboriginal man killed by shepherd in the Mount Arden district, early 1852]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[An Aboriginal man was killed by a shepherd in the Mount Arden district. Protector Moorhouse investigated, but on arriving at the station, he learned the shepherd had left the district. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#SF32">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba85'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1852-01-01</begin>
        <end>1852-01-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
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        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[SF32]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.171547708242,-31.7518727612091</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Oakden's party near Lake Torrens, fires on a group of Aboriginal people, March 1852]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Oakden’s party was breaking up his station and returning south. While sleeping under a dray, Aboriginal people approached, and one of his party fired a shot at the group upon which they dispersed. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN01">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba86'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1852-03-01</begin>
        <end>1852-03-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN01]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.681825648746,-31.7170178410113</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Sheep theft, Craig’s station in the north, late 1851]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Aboriginal people in the ‘extreme north’ took 500 of Craig’s sheep, of which they killed and ate 50 sheep.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#SF25">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba87'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1851-01-01</begin>
        <end>1851-01-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[SF25]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>141.410936599893,-31.586288900205</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Attack on William Lake in the Barrier Ranges, 14- 15 July 1865]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[A dispute between Mr Lake and an Aboriginal man which began on 14 July 1863, escalated the following day, and in an ensuring fight Lake was speared in the back and two aboriginal men were killed.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN31">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba88'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1865-07-14</begin>
        <end>1865-07-14</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Unknown]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN31]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.654795700275,-31.3298363999043</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Shepherd Robert Richardson killed by Aboriginal people on Hayward’s Aroona station, 14 March 1852]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Shepherd Robert Richardson killed by Aboriginal people at Younguna, about 9 kilometres South East of Hayward’s Aroona station.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN05">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba89'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1852-03-14</begin>
        <end>1852-03-14</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Close]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN05]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.275968500299,-31.1890291997124</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Killing of James Wade near Nilpena station, 05 August 1868]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Killing of James Wade on the Beltana run on 5 August 1868, allegedly by Aboriginal man named Warrakimbo Reuben. Reportedly Wade was killed trying to take Reuben into custody on suspicion that he was wanted for an earlier killing of Aboriginal man Peter Franklin.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN43">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba8a'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1868-08-05</begin>
        <end>1868-08-05</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN43]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.509376599948,-30.9538766996995</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Aboriginal man, ‘Robert’, killed near Nuccalenna, 1 December 1862]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[On 1 December 1862, Harry Hammond was driving his cart near Nuccaleena when he noticed that a bag of meat missing from his dray. An Aboriginal man, Robert, and his wife, Mary Ann, were nearby and he accused them of stealing the meat. Robert said that he had not stolen it, upon which Hammond struck him on the head with the blunt end of his stock whip. Robert stumbled away, collapsed and died. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN20">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba8b'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
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        <begin>1862-12-01</begin>
        <end>1862-12-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN20]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.171706700166,-30.8403204000486</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Goods taken from huts in the Mount Deception area, October 1870]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Police Trooper Gregory reports that five huts have been robbed in the Mount Deception region by 'Lake Hope’ Aboriginal people en route to the ochre fields at Parachilna.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN48">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba8c'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1870-10-01</begin>
        <end>1870-10-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
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          <value><![CDATA[District]]></value>
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN48]]></value>
        </Data>
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    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.381475200126,-30.8237677996786</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[McKay’s party confront a party of Aboriginal people near Beltana, three shot and killed, 27 November 1863]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[On 27 November, a party of forty to fifty Aboriginal people stole sheep from Capt McKay's run near Beltana. A second shepherd, Frew, was attacked near Werrionta Creek. Six or seven men sought refuge in the station kitchen and fired upon the party. McKay, the overseer Matheson, and one other man tracked them Werrionta Creek where they were found cooking the sheep. When attacked with waddies and boomerangs, McKay said they were forced to use firearms, resulting in the death of three Aboriginal people and the wounding of others. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN26">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba8d'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1863-11-27</begin>
        <end>1863-11-27</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN26]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.405507800176,-30.7922160996828</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Killing of Aboriginal man Peter Franklin by Warrakimbo Reuben, 13 November 1867]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Aboriginal man, Peter Franklin (aka Port Lincoln Peter) allegedly killed by Warrakimbo Reuben and three others near Beltana. Tried for the murder in the Supreme Court, Warrakimbo Reuben was found not guilty. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN42">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba8e'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1867-11-13</begin>
        <end>1867-11-13</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN42]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.74214130014,-30.7599304003801</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Putaba Bob arrested for killing Mitchell at Angepena, 27 December 1856]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[In December 1856, Inspector Holroyd arrested Putaba Bob, for the murder of James Mitchell at Angipena. In the course of the arrest the suspect was severely wounded and later died at Melrose Police Station.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN12">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba8f'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1856-12-27</begin>
        <end>1856-12-27</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Close]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN12]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.308699100071,-30.7049301002419</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[James Williams fires at an Aboriginal man at Mount Deception, July 1859]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[James Williams, overseer at Mount Deception fired twice at a man named Larry.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN18">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba90'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1859-07-01</begin>
        <end>1859-07-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN18]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.844667551551,-30.5595117718276</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Killing of hutkeeper James Mitchell near Angepena, October 1856]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[A shepherd by the name of James Mitchell, working on an outstation of Angepena, about 12 miles out from Mr Baker's head station, killed by Aboriginal people. The body of an Aboriginal man was found buried nearby. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN10">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba91'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1856-10-01</begin>
        <end>1856-10-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Close]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN10]]></value>
        </Data>
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    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.857621600206,-30.541522099708</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Cattle killing and police pursuit on Baker's station near Mount Serle, 15 October 1857]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Police Troopers Coward and Hack, together with three men from Baker’s station at Mt Serle, started out on the morning of 15 October in pursuit of alleged cattle killers. They tracked them to a gorge where Coward claims he called upon them to stand but they made up the rocks. Coward fired and the shot reportedly hit one of the Aboriginal men. No one was apprehended. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN14">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba92'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1857-10-15</begin>
        <end>1857-10-15</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN14]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>139.732579999727,-30.5172262998887</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Police shoot and kill two people while attempting to arrest them near Arkaroola Creek, 8 June 1858]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[On 8 June, Corporal Burtt and PT Simpson, with the assistance of station workers, track the alleged attackers of Jacob’s men to Arkaroola Creek. Two Aboriginal men were shot and killed while resisting arrest.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN16">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba93'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1858-06-08</begin>
        <end>1858-06-08</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN16]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.874389900049,-30.5078960999568</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Shepherd assaulted on Collanna station, April 1865]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Shepherds reportedly attacked by two Aboriginal men, beaten with waddies and boomerangs and had his rations stolen. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN28">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba94'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1865-04-01</begin>
        <end>1865-04-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[District]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN28]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.232545100088,-30.4546369001149</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Shepherd assaulted on McConville’s station near Mount Scott, December 1866]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[McConville reports that 1800 sheep were driven off his run and that a shepherd was attacked and so severely 'maltreated him that he is not expected to live'.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN38">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba95'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1866-12-01</begin>
        <end>1866-12-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN38]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.261040899677,-30.4460538999475</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Theft on McConville’s station at Mount Scott, June 1866]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[McConville describes a series of attacks on his Mount Scott station, in one of which he describes his shepherd's huts and tents being plundered.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN37">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba96'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1866-06-01</begin>
        <end>1866-06-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
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          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN37]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.315061841177,-30.4348285033928</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Hut robbery on McConville’s station at Mount Scott, May 1865]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[McConville refers to his Mt Scott station being 'overrun’ and ‘plundered’ by Aboriginal people ‘from the North West'.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN30">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba97'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1865-05-01</begin>
        <end>1865-05-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN30]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>139.128446099898,-30.2326926001753</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[The shooting of Pompey, 8 January 1864]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[On about 8 January 1864, Pompey was alleged to have led a party of Aborigines in robbing an outstation on the Umberatana property of Samuel Stuckey, and killing one Stuckey’s Aboriginal station workers. Stuckey confronted Pompey and as Pompey ran away, Stuckey fired and killed him.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN27">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba98'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1864-01-08</begin>
        <end>1864-01-08</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Close]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
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        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN27]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>139.101623799699,-30.2267967999702</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Sheep taken in the Umberatana area, June 1869]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Reports that 600 sheep were driven off Elder’s Umberatana run and that while police tried to track them, they failed because of the difficult terrain.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN47">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba99'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1869-06-01</begin>
        <end>1869-06-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN47]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>139.101623799699,-30.2204928999142</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Cattle killing on Stuckey's station , March 1860]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Cattle killing on Stuckey’ station. Plans for additional men to patrol the area.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN19">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba9a'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1860-03-01</begin>
        <end>1860-03-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN19]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>139.455142299645,-30.2058229003452</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Cattle killing on Jacob’s station, April 1859]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Jacob's overseer, Ball, reportedly had been providing food to Aboriginal people on the station, but when they were caught cattle killing he reportedly drove them off the run.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN17">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba9b'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1859-04-01</begin>
        <end>1859-04-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN17]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.302136800021,-30.2047025996993</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Corpl Wauchop and party fire upon a group 40 Aboriginal people near Mount Deception, 27 July 1863]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[On 27 July, police troopers travelling with one of Glenn's stockkeepers, came upon a party of about forty Aboriginal men near Red Hill who were said to be in possession of stolen property. After waddies and boomerangs were allegedly thrown at them, the party fired on them with revolvers. Wauchop reports that some were no doubt struck, but doesn’t know how many. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN24">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba9c'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1863-07-27</begin>
        <end>1863-07-27</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN24]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>139.454117004801,-30.2028098564207</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Attack on John Jacob's station near Mount Serle, 5-7 June 1858]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[On 6 June 1858, Aboriginal people came to an outstation on John Jacob's station and started throwing stones at the three men present. They were fired upon and retreated, at which time the stockkeeper rode to Taggart's station for assistance. While the stockkeeper was away Aboriginal people rushed the hut spearing both men, they then set fire to the hut forcing the men to flee.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN15">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba9d'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1858-06-06</begin>
        <end>1858-06-06</end>
      </TimeSpan>
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          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN15]]></value>
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    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.300618384883,-30.1992659199919</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Cattle killing on Glenn's Run, May 1863]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Seven or eight cattle reportedly killed and eaten by Aboriginal people on ‘Glenn's run near St A' Beckett's’. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN21">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba9e'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1863-05-01</begin>
        <end>1863-05-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
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        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN21]]></value>
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    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>139.54642200033,-29.971796799945</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Sheep theft and hut robbery at Mt Fitton, 18 March 1869]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Reports that 94 sheep had been driven off and that rations and cooking utensils had been stolen from shepherd’s huts.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN46">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=teba9f'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1869-03-18</begin>
        <end>1869-03-18</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
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        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN46]]></value>
        </Data>
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    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>139.549026169626,-29.9713061376185</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Killing of shepherd John Walter Jerrold near Mount Fytton, 13 April 1865]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[John Walter Jerrold, a shepherd working for John Jacob, near Mount Fitton, went missing, and another shepherd, Harris had sheep stolen. It was later revealed that Jerrold had been killed.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN29">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaa0'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1865-04-13</begin>
        <end>1865-04-13</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Close]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
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        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN29]]></value>
        </Data>
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    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>139.257345999616,-29.9102399996903</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Police shoot and kill Paralana Tommy, 28 September 1865]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[In attempting to arrest Paralana Jacky and Paralana Tommy for the murder of John Walter Jerrold, the latter is shot and later dies.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN32">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaa1'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1865-09-28</begin>
        <end>1865-09-28</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Close]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN32]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>139.319394200257,-29.82535279979</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Aboriginal man shot while stealing a lamb from Mr Thomas' station in the Far North, 6 June 1857]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[On the night of 6 June Mr James Thomas's suspicion was aroused and he went out with his rifle to investigate - saw an Aboriginal man carrying away a calf on his shoulders. He fired at the man, who dropped the calf and ran off. A trail of blood indicated that the shot hit its mark, but he did not known whether or not it was fatal. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN13">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaa2'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1857-06-06</begin>
        <end>1857-06-06</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN13]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.229507100205,-29.7334353003169</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Cattle killing on Mundowadna station, 28 May 1863]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[On 28 May 1863 they killed two beasts on A. Mathews Mundowadna station, also threatening him with violence and compelling him to return home. <br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN22">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaa3'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1863-05-28</begin>
        <end>1863-05-28</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN22]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>138.232597000253,-29.7320937003506</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Affray on Mundowdna station in which two Aboriginal people were shot and killed, 11 September 1868]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[On 11 September Debney and Woodford were involved in a fight with Aboriginal people in a camp on their station. Woodford, when surrounded, used his revolver and fired three shots. Two people were killed. A later report in October notes that the station burnt down. Some believed that Aboriginal people had set the fire, but others regarded it as accidental.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN44 ">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaa4'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1868-09-11</begin>
        <end>1868-09-11</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN44]]></value>
        </Data>
      </ExtendedData>
    </Placemark>
    <Placemark>
      <Point>
        <coordinates>139.447054300018,-29.5532185002524</coordinates>
      </Point>
      <name><![CDATA[Hut robberies and sheep theft in Blanchewater area, January 1869]]></name>
      <styleUrl>#TLCMapStyle</styleUrl>
      <description><![CDATA[Reports of numerous hut robberies on Blanchewater station, and other stations in the district, as well as the robbing of a ration dray and sheep theft.<br>(See <a href="https://frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com/pages/flindersfarnorth/#FFN45">'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'</a> for more details.)
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/search?id=tebaa5'>TLCMap</a></p>
			<p><a href='https://tlcmap.org/publicdatasets/2487'>TLCMap Layer</a></p>]]></description>
      <TimeSpan>
        <begin>1869-01-01</begin>
        <end>1869-01-01</end>
      </TimeSpan>
      <ExtendedData>
        <Data name="LocationAccuracy">
          <value><![CDATA[Approximate]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="War">
          <value><![CDATA[flindersfarnorth]]></value>
        </Data>
        <Data name="Identifier">
          <value><![CDATA[FFN45]]></value>
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