ghap_id,layer_id,title,record_type,description,latitude,longitude,datestart,dateend,source,linkback,created_at,updated_at,linked_dataitem_uid,Source_ID,LanguageGroup,Colony,StateOrTerritory,PoliceDistrict,Victims,VictimsDead,VictimDescription,Attackers,AttackersDead,AttackerDescription,CorroborationRating,War,Stage,Region,Period
te1630,2491,"Telegraph Point, Wilson River",Event,"In 1824, Mr Wilson set out in a boat with a detachment of soldiers on the Wilson River. According to Henry Wilson's memoir, provided by R Wilson, 'After leaving Prospect', (Hack's Ferry) the party 'came upon a blacks' camp [at Telegraph Point] and the natives threw spears at the men in the boat, and some of the soldiers were hurt, but not seriously. The boat was rowed over to the shore on the opposite side to the blacks, who were taught such a lesson at the hands of the party that they never forgot, and one which taught the natives to fear the men who were firing at them' (Wilson, 1941). Henry Wilson's memoir was earlier published in Port Macquarie News of Sept 14, 1889 when he was 72 years old (p8, Morris, 2005). It remains unclear whether the Mr Wilson referred to was the father of Henry Wilson, Mr William Wilson, Overseer of Public Works at Port Macquarie, or Lieutenant William Earle Bulwer Wilson who was Engineer and Inspector of Public Works. They were both in Port Macquarie at the time (pp17-28, Morris, 2005).",-31.326,152.794,1824-01-01,1824-12-31,"<i>Wingham Chronicle and Manning River Observer</i>, September 16, 1941, p4. <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article168515594"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article168515594</a>; Morris, Graham P <i>Son of Caledon</i> Kilsyth: Graham P Morris, 2005.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1060,"2025-08-11 10:49:36","2025-08-11 10:49:36",td0cae,1060,Biripi,NSW,NSW,"Port Macquarie","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",6,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Military,*,"Hunter Valley and Port Macquarie","Port Macquarie",East,Early
te1631,2491,"Ballangarra, Wilson River",Event,"In 1824, Mr Wilson took a whale boat on what is now known as the Wilson River.  After the massacre of Biripi at present day Telegraph Point, the party rowed upstream to present day Ballangarra, 'where another party of blacks were encountered, and they disputed the right of these soldiers to pass. Mr Wilson and his party tried to make the natives understand what they wanted, but all to no purpose. Being loath to fire bullets at them, only as a last resort, Mr Wilson gave instructions to use small shot, but this only infuriated the blacks. However, after this encounter the tribe gave little or no trouble.' R. Wilson, 'Early Days of Port Macquarie', in <i>The Wingham Chronicle and Manning River Observer</i>, September 16, 1941, p4.  It remains unclear whether the Mr Wilson referred to was the father of Henry Wilson, Mr William Wilson, Overseer of Public Works at Port Macquarie, or Lieutenant William Earle Bulwer Wilson who was Engineer and Inspector of Public Works. They were both in Port Macquarie at the time (pp17-28, Morris, 2005).",-31.327,152.747,1824-01-01,1824-07-31,"R. Wilson, 'Early Days of Port Macquarie', in <i>The Wingham Chronicle and Manning River Observer</i>, September 16, 1941, p4 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article168515594"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article168515594</a>; Morris, Graham P Son of Caledon Kilsyth: Graham P Morris, 2005. .",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1061,"2025-08-11 10:49:36","2025-08-11 10:49:36",td0caf,1061,Biripi,NSW,NSW,"Port Macquarie","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",6,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Military, Soldier(s)",*,"Hunter Valley and Port Macquarie","Port Macquarie",East,Early
te1632,2491,"Blackmans Point, Port Macquarie",Event,"In late 1825, according to H L Wilson, the  first superintendent of works at the penal settlement at Port Macquarie, 'three men were sent to ... Blackman's Point to split shingles, and two were killed by the blacks. When the survivor reached the camp and related the circumstances, a party of Buffs (soldiers from  the 4th Regiment) was sent out to chastise the blacks, and right well was the work carried out. The soldiers surrounded the aborigines, and shot a great many of them; they also captured a lot of women, used them for an immoral purpose, and then shot them. The offending soldiers were sent to Sydney for trial, but managed to escape punishment.' (H L Wilson, 'Early Days at Port Macquarie', 1889. np.)",-31.342,152.847,1825-08-01,1826-02-28,"Henry Lewis Wilson, 'Early Days at Port Macquarie', 1889, republished by T Dick, <i>The Port Macquarie News and Hastings River Advocate</i>, Feb 5, 1921, p4 <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/112735677"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/112735677</a>",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=1062,"2025-08-11 10:49:36","2025-08-11 10:49:36",td0cb1,1062,Biripi,NSW,NSW,"Port Macquarie","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",20,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Military, Soldier(s)",*,"Hunter Valley and Port Macquarie","Port Macquarie",East,Early
te1633,2491,"Garland Valley, Putty",Event,"Following the killing of two shepherds at Mr Laycock's Farm at Putty in early November  1825,  a party of soldiers and constables was deployed from Windsor to 'intercept' the Aboriginal killers, who were widely believed to comprise warriors from Wollombi Creek and  Singleton as well as Wiradjuri from Bathurst.  The party from Windsor encountered a group of Aboriginal people camped at Garland Valley near Putty and in a dawn attack, killed at least six of them. According to naval surgeon and author, Peter Cunningham, it was later discovered that they were a friendly Aboriginal group. (Cunningham, 1827 cited in Dunn, 2020, p158-9 and Milliss, 1992, p 55)",-32.909,150.703,1825-11-15,1825-11-30,"Cunningham, 1827 vol. II, pp 38-40; Milliss 1992, pp 54-5; Dunn 2020, pp 158-9.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=944,"2025-08-11 10:49:36","2025-08-11 10:49:36",td0d81,944,"Wonnarua, Wiradjuri",NSW,NSW,Windsor,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",6,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Foot Soldier(s), Police",*,"Hunter Valley and Port Macquarie",Yengo,East,Early
te1634,2491,"Glennies Creek",Event,"The massacre was carried out on the Wonnarua people on  the evening of 1 September 1826. The massacre was in reprisal for fifteen Wonnarua men of 'the neighbourhood of Glenny's Creek' killing two convict workers Henry Cottle and Morty Kernan on 28 August 1826, at the hut of Richard Alcorn who was overseer of Capt. Robert Lethbridge's Bridgman Estate, Fal Brook, near Ravensworth in the Hunter Valley  (The Sydney Gazette and NSW Advertiser, 9 Sep 1826 p 3). Magistrate Robert Scott led a party of 14 (five mounted police, four convict stockmen and four Aboriginal trackers, all armed) that pursued and 'came suddenly upon' an Aboriginal camp in the evening of 1 September 1826. They killed at least 18 Wonnarua people and wounded more. (<i>The Australian</i> September 23, 1826, p 3). Governor Darling enclosed Scott's report of the massacre in his dispatch  November 1826,  ML A 1197, vol.8,  p.344.  Historian Mark Dunn provides the most recent account of the massacre (Dunn 2020, 167-171).
Cotter argues that James Bowman's Ravensworth Estate, neighbouring Lethbridge's, was the 'epicentre' of conflict in the region (Cotter, 2022 p 4).",-32.445,151.14,1826-09-01,1826-09-01,"<i>The Sydney Gazette and NSW Advertiser</i>, 9 Sep 1826 p 3 <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2186503"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/2186503</a>; <i>The Australian</i>, September 16, 1826, p2,  <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/37072221"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/37072221</a>, 
and  September 23, 1826, p3 <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/4248925"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/page/4248925</a>; 
 NSW Governors' Despatches ML A1197, vol. 8, p344; Dunn 2020, pp167-171; Cotter, 2022 <a href=""https://www.ipcn.nsw.gov.au/resources/pac/media/files/pac/projects/2022/02/glendell-continued-operations-project-ssd-9349/public-submissions/general-public-submissions/220328-maria-cotter_redacted.pdf"">https://www.ipcn.nsw.gov.au/resources/pac/media/files/pac/projects/2022/02/glendell-continued-operations-project-ssd-9349/public-submissions/general-public-submissions/220328-maria-cotter_redacted.pdf</a>.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=570,"2025-08-11 10:49:36","2025-08-11 10:49:36",td0cd4,570,Wonnarua,NSW,NSW,"Wallis Plains (Maitland)","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",18,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,"Government Official(s), Mounted Police, Convict(s), Aboriginal Guide(s)",***,"Hunter Valley and Port Macquarie",Valley,East,Early
te1635,2491,"Paterson River, Hunter Valley",Event,"On 3 March 1827, the Sydney newspapers, the <i>Australian</i> and the <i>Monitor</i>, reported that Aboriginal people's dogs had been attacking sheep and that a shepherd on EG Cory's estate at the Paterson River in the Hunter Valley had killed a dog belonging to Aboriginal people (Wonnarua). In reprisal, Wonnarua warriors wounded the shepherd and set fire to grass and wheat on Mr Cory's estate. The newspapers added that 2 mounted police dispatched after the event were ineffective. On 22 March the <i>Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser</i> reported that, 'about a dozen black natives have been shot in the neighbourhood of Hunter's River, within 10 or 12 miles of Mr. Magistrate McLeod's estate;' and lamented that no Justice of the Peace was near enough to investigate. It added, 'The natives were in the act of retreating, laden with produce of the maize field, and were so courageous and impudent as to irritate the whites and attack them with spears, when, in self-defence (we believe) twelve of the blacks were left dead on the field.' Two days later on 24 March, the <i>Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser</i> connected this incident with Mr Cory's property, saying that flocks had been attacked by dogs and spears were thrown at the shepherd. After retreating to a hut the shepherd was joined by another servant, and they shot and killed 12 Aboriginal people (although it seems unlikely that 2 men could kill so many Aboriginal people in one operation).  The incident was clarified fifty years later. On 25 August 1877, the <i>Maitland Mercury</i> recorded that, 'a man who was present, as he admits, when a party had formed for the purpose of punishing the blacks for pulling cobs of maize in the field, and carrying it off in their nets to their camps. Observing some smoke rising from the midst of the Wallalong Brush, they armed themselves with muskets, and reached unobserved to the camp, where a considerable number of men, women and children were. They fired at once upon them, killing some and wounding others. The rest fled through the bush, pursued by the whites, and then the whole of the natives took to the water intervening between the brush and the high land, towards which it gradually deepened, and some of the poor creatures drowned.  My informant, now a very old man, while expressing regret as to occurrence, said the worst part of the whole all was, they afterwards discovered, that not one of those who were ""wanted"" was among them.' (<i>Maitland Mercury</i>, August 25,1877, p10) The witness appears to have been an overseer at the Cory estate in 1827 and waited until Cory in died on 7 March 1873 before revealing his involvement in the massacre.",-32.697,151.638,1827-02-22,1827-02-25,"<i>The Australian</i>, March 3, 1827, p 3 <a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/rendition/nla.news-page4249109.pdf"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/rendition/nla.news-page4249109.pdf</a>; <i>The Monitor</i>, March 9, 1827, p 2 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31758262"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31758262</a>; 
<i>Sydney Gazette</i>, March 22, 1827, p 2 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2187895"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2187895</a>; March 24, 1827, p 3 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2187904"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article2187904</a>; 
<i>Maitland Mercury and Hunter River General Advertiser</i>, August 25, 1877, p.10.
<a href=""https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/18831954"">https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/18831954</a>
Debenham, 2020, pp 10-13.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=625,"2025-08-11 10:49:36","2025-08-11 10:49:36",td0d17,625,Wonnarua,NSW,NSW,Newcastle,"Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",12,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Shepherd(s),***,"Hunter Valley and Port Macquarie",Valley,East,Early
te1636,2491,"Mill Creek",Event,"Capt. Thomas Cook, Magistrate 'of the whole country north of Newcastle',  in the mid 1820s, recorded that 'a band of blacks stole a child, the daughter of Mrs Easterbook, whose husband was a clerk of the AA Company at Stroud. They disappeared in a northerly direction but were pursued by a party of armed soldiers and assigned servants and overtaken some twenty miles away. Eleven blacks were killed and the child recovered.' (Bennett 1964, p.12-13).  The rescue/reprisal party appears to have been on foot.",-32.243,151.972,1828-01-01,1828-12-31,"Bennett 1964, p 12-13.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=644,"2025-08-11 10:49:36","2025-08-11 10:49:36",td0d36,644,Worimi,NSW,NSW,"Raymond Terrace","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",11,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Military,*,"Hunter Valley and Port Macquarie",Worimi,East,Early
te1637,2491,"Yarramanbah, Quirindi, Liverpool Plains",Event,"According to a report in <i>The Monitor</i> newspaper, 4 August 1828, p.8, 'Dr Little, of Upper Hunters River,' crossed the Liverpool Range 'and, on coming to a hut, found, to his horror and astonishment, the bodies of some half dozen of black natives, stretched along the earth. From the putrid state of the corpses, it was evident they had been slaughtered a long time. He pursued his journey till he fell in with the white people, stock-keepers and others. He learnt from them, that a large body of blacks had suddenly made their appearance, but whether they paid their visit hostilely, or merely came in great numbers for self-protection, the stock-keepers admitted they could not tell. However, acting in concert, our people commenced a destructive fire of musquetry upon them, and the blacks presently fled. Such were the circumstances of the fight, that some of the black fugitives on being pursued, ascended the trees in hopes of escaping, whence they were brought down by the balls of the assailants.' According to Milliss 1992, p 78-82, at least ten stockmen were involved in the attack on an Aboriginal camp in reprisal for cattle theft. Three stockmen, 'Captain Pike' and two others nicknamed 'The Barber' and 'The Londoner' were 'remarkably active' in the affair. Milliss indicates that more Aboriginal people were killed for it took the stockmen several days to burn the bodies. Despite two letters from other settlers reporting the incident to the Colonial Secretary, the incident was not followed up.",-31.815,150.379,1828-04-01,1828-04-30,"<i>The Monitor</i>, August 4, 1828, p 8 <a href=""http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31760465"">http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article31760465</a>; Milliss 1992, p 78-82;  SRNSW 4/1983, CSR 28/7772, Letters Received 1828;  Dunn to McLeay, May 6, 1828; Sadlier to McLeay, September 19, 1828.",https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/detail.php?r=572,"2025-08-11 10:49:36","2025-08-11 10:49:36",td0cd8,572,"Gamilaraay or Guyinbaraay",NSW,NSW,"Wallis Plains (Maitland)","Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People",6,Aboriginal,Colonists,0,Stockmen/Drover(s),***,"Hunter Valley and Port Macquarie","Upper Hunter",East,Early
