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    <name><![CDATA[Humanitarians in the Antipodes: Voyage to Bass Strait]]></name>
    <description><![CDATA[<p>A visualisation of the investigative tours of British Quakers, James Backhouse and George Washington Walker, who were 'travelling under concern' in the Southern oceans in 1830s.</p>]]></description>
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      <Data name="recordtype"><![CDATA[Journey]]></Data>
      <Data name="creator"><![CDATA[Penny Edmonds]]></Data>
      <Data name="contact"><![CDATA[penny.edmonds@flinders.edu.au]]></Data>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker received the sanction of the Lieutenant Governor to visit the 'Establishment' for Aboriginal people on Flinders Island in Bass Strait, and embarked in the cutter 'Charlotte' under the command of John Thornloe from Doncaster.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[In the evening they 'passed Cape Raoul or Basaltes, a magnificent mass of perpendicular basaltic columns, forming the south west point of Tasmans Peninsula'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The cutter Charlotte 'put into Port Arthur, a penal settlement lately formed to receive prisoners' who had been transferred from a penal settlement on Maria Island.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Near Cape Pillar the cutter Charlotte 'fell in with the barque Bolina, of London, on her passage from New Zealand'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The cutter Charlotte 'beat up between Maria Island and the main land' until the evening when they 'were cheered by lights on the coast, at the house of a settler, and at a whaling station, in Spring Bay'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[One of the cutter's crew was a 'prisoner having a ticket of leave, who had been educated in a school on the system of the British and Foreign School Society, at Norwich', and retained 'a sense of the kindness they met with from Joseph John Gurney, Peter Bedford, Elizabeth Fry, and some others of our friends in England'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[While 'beating up the coast against a contrary wind' the cutter Charlotte was approached by the brig Helen, which was sailing with sugar from the Isle of France to Sydney. A boat was sent with a request for a bag of biscuit, as the brig Helen had 'run short of this necessary article'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arriving at Preservation Island early in the morning, Backhouse and Walker went on shore not far from two huts belonging to sealer James Munro, who lived with an Aboriginal woman named 'Jumbo' as the only permanent residents on the Island. While on Preservation Island Backhouse and Walker interviewed three sealers and three Aboriginal women who were 'on their way to the coast of New Holland, where, on a number of small islands, they still obtain Fur Seals'. One of the Aboriginal women presented Backhouse and Walker with necklaces of shells.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On Preservation Island sealer James Munro and Aboriginal woman 'Jumbo' raised 'wheat, potatoes, and other vegetables near his house', reared 'goats, pigs and fowls', collected birds and their eggs.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Captain John Thornloe had been told 'the settlement on Flinders Island was suffering for want of provisions'. The cutter Charlotte sailed from Preservation Island, assisted by James Munro as pilot, and passed Long Island, Badger Island, Chapel Island, before reaching the anchorage under Green Island, 'the nearest place of safety to the settlement, at which a vessel could lie'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The approach of the cutter Charlotte to Flinders Island 'was hailed with joy' as supplies were low. Two boats approached, bringing the Commandant, Ensign William J. Darling, and surgeon A. McLachlan to meet the Charlotte.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[When Backhouse and Walker were landed on Flinders Island, 'close by the Settlement' a 'considerable number' of Aboriginal people were upon the beach.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[A 'corrobery' was held in which Aboriginal people 'represented certain events, or the manners of different animals: they had a horse dance, an emu dance, a thunder and lightning dance, and many others.']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[This day 'a sealer from Guncarriage Island, came and took away a child that he had had' with an Aboriginal woman, and he 'would not be persuaded to leave the little girl under the care' or her mother, 'who was greatly distressed at parting' with her daughter.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At 'The Lagoons' Aboriginal people resided in 'three huts or "breakwinds"' with fires in the centre. When Backhouse and Walker entered a hut, 'the people sat up, and began to sing… with much animation of countenance and gesture', and this was 'kept up to a late hour: they are said often to continue their singing till midnight'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Aboriginal men were 'requested to cease from wearing "bal-de-winny," that is red ochre and grease, in their hair, they had signified a willingness to do so, if they might have some other covering for their heads... Scotch Caps were distributed among them'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker, with WJ Darling, GW Walker, four Aboriginal men and two Aboriginal women, walked to 'Pea Jacket Point'. The Settlement was seen as 'unfit for agriculture and in other respects unfavourable for advancement of civilisation', so a move was planned. The party camped overnight in 'a well sheltered place, by a small streamlet'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Pea Jacket Point 'appeared much preferable for a settlement to the Lagoons, being a promontory with a considerable quantity of grassland, sheltered by thick scrub toward the sea, and having access to the mountains behind ; nevertheless fresh water was not so plentiful as was desirable, but sufficient for necessary purposes'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The cutter Charlotte arrived 'near the heads of the Tamar or Port Dalrymple,—an estuary extending to Launceston,—and near to the mouth of which, George Town is situated' and Backhouse and Walker 'were kindly received by the Port Officer, Matthew Curling Friend'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The cutter Charlotte arrived 'near the heads of the Tamar or Port Dalrymple,—an estuary extending to Launceston,—and near to the mouth of which, George Town is situated' and Backhouse and Walker 'were kindly received by the Port Officer, Matthew Curling Friend, late of the Norval'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Sailed on the Shamrock under Richard H. Davies, for their second visit to 'the Establishment for the Aborigines, on Flinders Island' with 'a party of sixteen Aborigines, who had joined G. A. Robinson, on the west coast'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Shamrock reached Port Arthur, which Backhouse considered to be 'greatly improved since we were here before, though much still requires to be done before it can be fully effective for the purpose of a Penal Settlement'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arrived '‘at the Lagoons, the site of the old settlement on Flinders Island, we made our way along the beach, and through the bush, to Wybalenna’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Wybalenna, they ‘received a hearty welcome from both the Black and the White Inhabitants; and were much pleased with the improvements, since we were here fourteen months ago’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Visited Prime Seal Island, a granite island which 'did not prove favourable for sheep'. Backhouse described dietary restrictions, weaponry and skills of First Nations people. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Trip to Launceston and George Town, where they were joined by 'James Allen, from Tyrone, in Ireland, who was on his way to Flinders Island, to succeed A. Mc. Lachlan in the office of Surgeon to the Establishment for the Aborigines.']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They 'put out to sea, but made little progress', stopping by Barren Joey and Twenty-day Islands.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On return to Flinders Island, they reached Wybalenna soon after sunset, and when ‘discovered by some women who were cutting wood’ were recognised ‘as old acquaintance, and gave us a clamorous greeting, which brought all the people and dogs out of their huts, with such a noise as, had we not known that it was the expression of friendship on the part of the people, would have been truly appalling’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After leaving Flinders Island, the Shamrock ran into a storm and was in danger of breaking up on rocks while at 'anchor under Green Island'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Received 'a hearty welcome at Launceston, from Isaac and Katharine Sherwin'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arrival at Circular Head, with desciption of Aboriginal man 'Proper' and W. J. Darling]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Introduction to Aboriginal woman 'Jackey' who had been living with sealers on Stack Island.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Met with George A Robinson & Edward Curr, Superintendent of the Van Diemen's Land Company.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Greeted at Woolnorth by Samuel Reeves, Superintendent with the Van Diemen's Land Company.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Cape Grim it was stated that the 'whole scenery is in harmony with the name of the place'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arrived at Circular Head on the Fanny found the Conch at the jetty, and was provided accommodation by Edward Curr.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Met with the 'work-people' employed by the Van Diemen's Land Company, who were accommodated 'on the portion of the peninsula called Highfield Plain'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Op arrival at the Hampshire Hills they 'received a warm greeting from G. W. Walker's relations, George and Mary Robson'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Accompanied by 'E. Curr and G Robson to Chilton, a farm house on the Surrey Hills'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Between the River Forth and Mersey Rivers was Gads Hill, where the descent was 'almost too steep for horses'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arrived in Westbury, which consisted 'of a small number of weather-board houses, two of which are inns'. There they met the family of George P Ball, an officer lately returned from service in India'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker received the sanction of the Lieutenant Governor to visit the 'Establishment' for Aboriginal people on Flinders Island in Bass Strait, and embarked in the 'Charlotte' cutter under the command of John Thornloe from Doncaster. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[A 'corrobery' was held in which Aboriginal people 'represented certain events, or the manners of different animals: they had a horse dance, an emu dance, a thunder and lightening dance, and many others.']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Two Aboriginal women called 'Isaac' and 'Judy' by the sealers, had escaped from Green Island via a cutter's boat, and two other Aboriginal women had 'waded and swam from Green Island to the Settlement―a distance of three miles'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Shamrock 'anchored at the mouth of D'Entrecasteaux Channel, where the Government brig  Isabella, with English emigrants for Launceston, and the Adelaide, a vessel in the Sperm Whale fishery, were lying’, and 'went ashore at Kelleys Farm, on Bruny Island'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Accompanied Edward Curr and J Milligan 'as far as Emu Bay'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The proceeded, with George Robson, to Burleigh, another of the Van Diemen's Land Company stations.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[In the evening they 'passed Cape Raoul or Basaltes, a a magnificent mass of perpendicular basaltic columns, forming the south west point of Tasmans Peninsula'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The cutter Charlotte 'put into Port Arthur, a penal settlement lately formed to receive prisoners' who had been transferred from a penal settlement on Maria Island.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Near Cape Pillar the cutter Charlotte 'fell in with the barque Bolina, of London, on her passage from New Zealand'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The cutter Charlotte 'beat up between Maria Island and the main land' until the evening when they 'were cheered by lights on the coast, at the house of a settler, and at a whaling station, in Spring Bay'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[One of the cutter's crew was a 'prisoner having a ticket of leave, who had been educated in a school on the system of the British and Foreign School Society, at Norwich', and retained 'a sense of the kindness they met with from Joseph John Gurney, Peter Bedford, Elizabeth Fry, and some others of our friends in England'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[While 'beating up the coast against a contrary wind' the cutter Charlotte was approached by the brig Helen, which was sailing with sugar from the Isle of France to Sydney. A boat was sent with a request for a bag of biscuit, as the brig Helen had 'run short of this necessary article'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arriving at Preservation Island early in the morning, Backhouse and Walker went on shore not far from two huts belonging to sealer James Munro, who lived with an Aboriginal woman named 'Jumbo' as the only permanent residents on the Island. While on Preservation Island Backhouse and Walker interveiwed three sealers and three Aboriginal women who were 'on their way to the coast of New Holland, where, on a number of small islands, they still obtain Fur Seals'. One of the Aboriginal women presented Backhouse and Walker with necklaces of shells.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On Preservation Island sealer James Munro and Aboriginal woman 'Jumbo' raised 'wheat, potatoes, and other vegetables near his house', reared 'goats, pigs and fowls', collected birds and their eggs. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Captain John Thornloe had been told 'the settlement on Flinders Island was suffering for want of provisions'. The cutter Charlotte sailed from Preservation Island, assisted by James Munro as pilot, and passed Long Island, Badger Island, Chapel Island, before reaching the anchorage under Green Island, 'the nearest place of safety to the settlement, at which a vessel could lie'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The approach of the cutter Charlotte to Flinders Island 'was hailed with joy' as supplies were low. Two boats approached, bringing the Commandant, Ensign William J. Darling, and surgeon A. McLachlan to meet the Charlotte.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Aboriginal people 'who became consolidated' by George Augustus Robinson were first 'placed on Swan Island, which, being bare of wood and much exposed, was soon found unsuitable'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Aboriginal people were 'removed to Guncarriage Island, but this was also found too small, and it did not afford wild animals for their support, in case of need'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[From 'Guncarriage Island' the 'next removal' of Aboriginal people 'was to a place on Flinders Island' where Backhouse and Walker 'found them in 1832'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[When Backhouse and Walker were landed on Flinders Island, 'close by the Settlement' a 'considerable number' of Aboriginal people were upon the beach.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[This day 'a sealer from Guncarriage Island, came and took away a child that he had had' with an Aboriginal woman, and he 'would not be persuaded to leave the little girl under the care' or her mother, 'who was greatly distressed at parting' with her daughter.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At 'The Lagoons' Aboriginal people resided in 'three huts or "breakwinds"' with fires in the centre. When Backhouse and Walker entered a hut, 'the people sat up, and began to sing… with much animation of countenance and gesture', and this was 'kept up to a late hour: they are said often to continue their singing till midnight'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Sealer James Munro, Aborginal woman 'Jumbo', along with four other Aboriginal people, came on board the Charlotte and 'took tea' with Backhouse and Walker in their cabin.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Aboriginal men were 'rerequested to cease from wearing "bal-de-winny," that is red ochre and grease, in their hair, they had signified a willingness to do so, if they might have some other covering for their heads... Scotch Caps were distributed among them'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker, with WJ Darling, GW Walker, four Aboriginal men and two Aboriginal women, walked to 'Pea Jacket Point'. The Settlement was seen as 'unfit for agriculture and in other respects unfavourable for advancement of civilisation', so a move was planned. The party camped overnight in 'a well sheltered place, by a small streamlet'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Pea Jacket Point 'appeared much preferable for a settlement to the Lagoons, being a promontory with a considerable quantity of grassland, sheltered by thick scrub toward the sea, and having access to the mountains behind ; nevertheless fresh water was not so plentiful as was desirable, but sufficient for necessary purposes'.]]></name>
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