Newspaper articles relating to Australian Wars in Victoria from 1834 to 1838. Subsequent years to 1860 will be added later.

]]> Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Provisions however were still scarce and dear, with no recent arrivals from England, wheat 10s."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"we learn, has recently performed an exploring expedition on the coast of New Holland to the West of Port Philip, and is so much pleased with the fine appearance of the country that he proposes forming a pastoral establishment in the neighbourhood of Portland bay, situated about half-way between Wilson's promontory and Kangaroo Island."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Hobart Town Courier (Tas. : 1827 - 1839) , p. 3."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"at Launceston from Swan River, in a small vessel of only 10 tons, we have the pleasure to learn news of that colony up to the middle of November."

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]]> 115.9112603096924,-31.89003427782013 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"at Launceston from Swan River, in a small vessel of only 10 tons, we have the pleasure to learn news of that colony up to the middle of November."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"we learn, has recently performed an exploring expedition on the coast of New Holland to the West of Port Philip, and is so much pleased with the fine appearance of the country that he proposes forming a pastoral establishment in the neighbourhood of Portland bay, situated about half-way between Wilson's promontory and Kangaroo Island."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"arrived yesterday (June 12) , from Port Phillip, and reached his own house from thence within little more than forty eight hours."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"we learn, has recently performed an exploring expedition on the coast of New Holland to the West of Port Philip, and is so much pleased with the fine appearance of the country that he proposes forming a pastoral establishment in the neighbourhood of Portland bay, situated about half-way between Wilson's promontory and Kangaroo Island."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"we learn, has recently performed an exploring expedition on the coast of New Holland to the West of Port Philip, and is so much pleased with the fine appearance of the country that he proposes forming a pastoral establishment in the neighbourhood of Portland bay, situated about half-way between Wilson's promontory and Kangaroo Island."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Van Diemens Land."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Herald (NSW : 1831 - 1842) , p. 1 (Supplement to the Sydney Herald. )."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"of Port Phillip."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 3."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , Friday 11 September 1835, page 3"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The tall and stately gait of the natives of that region had already struck Mr. Batman as being peculiar, as indeed it had done some years before Messrs. Howell and Hume, who made the coast in that direction across the country from Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Indications too of a higher state of civilization, or rather of a less savage state than prevailed among most of the other tribes of New Holland were here and there conspicuous."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Other English words soon returned to his memory, and he was at last enabled to communicate that his name was William Buckley — that he had been one of those who escaped from the encampment of the prisoners by the ship Ocean, formed by the late Colonel Collins, in attempting, agreeably to the instructions of the British Government, to form a settlement at Port Phillip, in 1803 — that he had lived ever since with the tribe of the Aborigines, whom he then met with in the bush, and over whom he had long exercised the rule of a chief."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"— The reader is already aware of the pastoral expedition of Mr. Batman and others to Port Philip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To the Editor of the Sydney Gazette, (1835, September 12)."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"He is a very tall man, having served as a grenadier in Holland under the late Duke of York, and according to the measure which has been sent over to procure garments for him, he is six feet five inches high, and so stout and portly as to measure three feet nine round the chest."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 3."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"What garbage, I would say; and who but a fool would not say so, and feel disgusted at the venal state of justice in New South Wales, made the engine of cruelty and"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The following Letters from the Colonial Times, upon the subject of the new Settlements on the coast of New Holland, will be"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To the Editor of the Sydney Gazette,"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 3."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Batman's speculation on the Southern coast of New South Wales, cannot fail to excite the"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"and colonists; at variance with the duties of a subject of the British Crown; the law of Nations, the law of Nature; the common usages established amongst civilized nations, and highly detrimental to the safety and well-being of the colonists of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land by forming a depot, exempt from the control of Government as a receptacle for runaway convicts, and all other desperate characters, who would flock to Port Phillip, endangering the peace and prosperity of the colonists, becoming Buccaneers, and forming themselves into bands of robbers on land, without means of restraining their depredations."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"and colonists; at variance with the duties of a subject of the British Crown; the law of Nations, the law of Nature; the common usages established amongst civilized nations, and highly detrimental to the safety and well-being of the colonists of New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land by forming a depot, exempt from the control of Government as a receptacle for runaway convicts, and all other desperate characters, who would flock to Port Phillip, endangering the peace and prosperity of the colonists, becoming Buccaneers, and forming themselves into bands of robbers on land, without means of restraining their depredations."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When Captain Phillip was first appointed Governor of New South Wales and its dependencies, the limits of the British possessions in the Southern Ocean were declared fixed by Act of Parliament, from the 10th to the 44th degree of south latitudes, and the western extreme bounded by the 135th degree of east longitude."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip was taken possession of in 1801 by Lieutenant Murray, of the Royal Navy, in the name of George the Third, and afterwards a settlement was there formed, under the command of a British officer sent from Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When Captain Phillip was first appointed Governor of New South Wales and its dependencies, the limits of the British possessions in the Southern Ocean were declared fixed by Act of Parliament, from the 10th to the 44th degree of south latitudes, and the western extreme bounded by the 135th degree of east longitude."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Another part of the argument is, that as some of the primitive English planters, in New England and other British provinces in North America purchased land from the Indians, so have individuals an equal right to avail themselves of the precedent in buying large tracts from the Aborigines of New South Wales."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip was taken possession of in 1801 by Lieutenant Murray, of the Royal Navy, in the name of George the Third, and afterwards a settlement was there formed, under the command of a British officer sent from Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Another part of the argument is, that as some of the primitive English planters, in New England and other British provinces in North America purchased land from the Indians, so have individuals an equal right to avail themselves of the precedent in buying large tracts from the Aborigines of New South Wales."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Another part of the argument is, that as some of the primitive English planters, in New England and other British provinces in North America purchased land from the Indians, so have individuals an equal right to avail themselves of the precedent in buying large tracts from the Aborigines of New South Wales."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This was the case with Great Britain and her colonies in New South Wales and its dependencies."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This was the case with Great Britain and her colonies in New South Wales and its dependencies."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sir Henry Torrens, in some remarks he offered on the colony then intended to be formed at Swan River, advocated the principle that, in order to succeed, there ought to be an equal and due distribution of land, labour and capital; and I think no one will deny the accuracy of his remarks."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Hence the claims, on the part of Great Britain, on the sovereignty of the Australian Provinces, are just; whereas, I always considered that those of Spain on its American dominions unjust."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Hence the claims, on the part of Great Britain, on the sovereignty of the Australian Provinces, are just; whereas, I always considered that those of Spain on its American dominions unjust."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Avarice and usurpation have depopulated those parts of Scotland, which days of old, subsisted thousands."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Another argument is that the state of Pennsylvania was purchased by the Quakers from the American Indians."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Beside which, the Indians of North America are a keen and cunning race, and made a very advantageous and equitable bargain."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Above all, if we reflect on the geographical situation of Van Diemen's Land and New South Wales, and particularly the short distance between the northern parts of this Island, and the opposite coast of New Holland we shall soon see that the possession of Port Phillip, without an efficient Government control, would shelter a number of desperate"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We have before us an example—in former days some parts of the Highlands of Scotland abounded in a hardy race of men, where we now only find some scattered huts inhabited by a few shepherds in charge of large flocks of sheep."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Above all, if we reflect on the geographical situation of Van Diemen's Land and New South Wales, and particularly the short distance between the northern parts of this Island, and the opposite coast of New Holland we shall soon see that the possession of Port Phillip, without an efficient Government control, would shelter a number of desperate"

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"characters, who could with the greatest ease effect their escape from here and the settlement of New South Wales."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 1."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Governments of Europe were obliged to make a compromise with the Buccaneers, and appoint some of their most daring leaders Governors of various places, which really, established peace and order."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Above all, if we reflect on the geographical situation of Van Diemen's Land and New South Wales, and particularly the short distance between the northern parts of this Island, and the opposite coast of New Holland we shall soon see that the possession of Port Phillip, without an efficient Government control, would shelter a number of desperate"

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""THE originator of the plan of colonization for New South Wales, " observes the late Colonel COLLINS, in his Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, dedicated by permission to the Right Honorable Lord Viscount SYDNEY, and published in the year 1798, "was too conspicuous a character to be overlooked by the narrator of its rise and progress."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""THE originator of the plan of colonization for New South Wales, " observes the late Colonel COLLINS, in his Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, dedicated by permission to the Right Honorable Lord Viscount SYDNEY, and published in the year 1798, "was too conspicuous a character to be overlooked by the narrator of its rise and progress."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"And notwithstanding all that is repulsive and humiliating in the moral state of this colony, as compared with that of England, the prospect which it now presents, in regard to commerce, agriculture, and general resources, doubtless far exceeds the highest anticipations of the truly enlightened and patriotic nobleman who recommended its establishment."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The idea of forming a British colony—the germ perhaps, of a future empire—at the extremity of the globe, and especially the idea of forming that colony out of such materials as were supplied from the hulks and jails and penitentiaries of England, was doubtless worthy of a truly great and patriotic mind."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""THE originator of the plan of colonization for New South Wales, " observes the late Colonel COLLINS, in his Account of the English Colony in New South Wales, dedicated by permission to the Right Honorable Lord Viscount SYDNEY, and published in the year 1798, "was too conspicuous a character to be overlooked by the narrator of its rise and progress."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"the territory from raising grain for the supply of Sydney and the other towns on the coast."

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]]> 142.6880269,-37.0606914 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The settled districts of Hunter's River, Bathurst and Illawarra, might doubtless afford sufficient scope to many industrious agricultural families as tenants of small farms; but the hope of becoming independent proprietors would probably operate in many instances in inducing emigrants of this class to prefer those thinly inhabited portions of the territory where land could be obtained from the Government at the minimum price and where produce could be raised with comparative facility for the Sydney market."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The settled districts of Hunter's River, Bathurst and Illawarra, might doubtless afford sufficient scope to many industrious agricultural families as tenants of small farms; but the hope of becoming independent proprietors would probably operate in many instances in inducing emigrants of this class to prefer those thinly inhabited portions of the territory where land could be obtained from the Government at the minimum price and where produce could be raised with comparative facility for the Sydney market."

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]]> 149.578693,-33.4111857 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The settled districts of Hunter's River, Bathurst and Illawarra, might doubtless afford sufficient scope to many industrious agricultural families as tenants of small farms; but the hope of becoming independent proprietors would probably operate in many instances in inducing emigrants of this class to prefer those thinly inhabited portions of the territory where land could be obtained from the Government at the minimum price and where produce could be raised with comparative facility for the Sydney market."

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]]> 117.6160396,-35.109217 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For as steam navigation will ere long bring the whole line of coast from Moreton Bay to Cape Howe within a moderate distance of the capital and render the transport of agricultural or other produce easy and cheap, it will comparatively be of no consequence whatever to an active agriculturist, whether he is settled at distance of fifty or five hundred miles from Sydney, provided he is within a moderate distance of a convenient roadstead or harbour on the coast."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There does not appear, however, to be much available land for cultivation to the southward of Jervis Bay, within a moderate distance of any harbour or roadstead and we apprehend a long period must intervene before it would pay to raise grain or other agricultural produce to the westward of the coast range of mountains, with view to its being forwarded for sale by sea to the Sydney market."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For as steam navigation will ere long bring the whole line of coast from Moreton Bay to Cape Howe within a moderate distance of the capital and render the transport of agricultural or other produce easy and cheap, it will comparatively be of no consequence whatever to an active agriculturist, whether he is settled at distance of fifty or five hundred miles from Sydney, provided he is within a moderate distance of a convenient roadstead or harbour on the coast."

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]]> 152.9205918,-27.0946084 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For as steam navigation will ere long bring the whole line of coast from Moreton Bay to Cape Howe within a moderate distance of the capital and render the transport of agricultural or other produce easy and cheap, it will comparatively be of no consequence whatever to an active agriculturist, whether he is settled at distance of fifty or five hundred miles from Sydney, provided he is within a moderate distance of a convenient roadstead or harbour on the coast."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The vicinity of Twofold Bay will infallibly prove a centre of attraction for a coniferous population, whenever a town is formed in that vicinity, and secure a market for whatever agricultural produce may be raised by small settlers on the nearest available land."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There does not appear, however, to be much available land for cultivation to the southward of Jervis Bay, within a moderate distance of any harbour or roadstead and we apprehend a long period must intervene before it would pay to raise grain or other agricultural produce to the westward of the coast range of mountains, with view to its being forwarded for sale by sea to the Sydney market."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In these circumstances, we must look to the Northern Settlements for a sufficiently extensive scope of available land for cultivation within a moderate distance of water carriage, and we are happy to be able to inform our readers that there is an almost interminable extent of such land, in the vicinity of these settlements, from the Australian Agricultural Company's establishment at Port Stephens to Moreton Bay."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In these circumstances, we must look to the Northern Settlements for a sufficiently extensive scope of available land for cultivation within a moderate distance of water carriage, and we are happy to be able to inform our readers that there is an almost interminable extent of such land, in the vicinity of these settlements, from the Australian Agricultural Company's establishment at Port Stephens to Moreton Bay."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To the northward of Port Stephens, the first settlement on the coast is that of the Manning River, on the banks of which there is a very considerable extent of available land of the first quality, still the property of the Crown."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To the northward of Port Stephens, the first settlement on the coast is that of the Manning River, on the banks of which there is a very considerable extent of available land of the first quality, still the property of the Crown."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In short, there is sufficient extent of available land on the Manning River for the establishment of a very considerable number of small settlers of the class of free emigrant agriculturists and the very circumstance of its being a secluded part of the territory, where the number of convict servants is necessarily very limited, would render the locality so much the more eligible for a settlement of the river."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The only respectable settler who has hitherto located himself at the Manning River, as far as we are informed, is Mr Winter, the magistrate; but there is already a considerable population in the neighbourhood, consisting chiefly, if not exclusively, of cedar cutters and shipbuilders, as the timber on the banks of the Manning is of superior quality, and in great abundance."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Agricultural Company's million grant formerly extended to the Manning River, and comprised the whole of the right bank of that river."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"But the recent exchange of a large portion of the grant for an equally extensive tract in the district of Liverpool Plains has thrown open the whole of the lower part of the river to the enterprise of industrious settlers."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The intervening country from the Manning River to Port Macquarie is generally of a sterile and unpromising character along the coast, the distance between the two settlements, being about sixty miles."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The intervening country from the Manning River to Port Macquarie is generally of a sterile and unpromising character along the coast, the distance between the two settlements, being about sixty miles."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At Port Macquarie, however, there is a vast extent of available land of the very best description, both for grazing and for agriculture."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About ten miles to the northward, from the head of the navigation of the Maria River, another navigable stream, called the McLeay, is found pursuing a north-north-easterly course to the Pacific, into which it falls about eighty miles to the northward of Port Macquarie."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Along the Hastings the extent of alluvial land is very considerably greater than we generally find on the banks of our colonial rivers, and the forest land beyond the reach of the inundations presents a wide extent of eligible pasturage both for sheep and cattle."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Maria River, which empties itself into the Hastings at John's Plains, about twelve or fifteen miles from the settlement, is navigable we believe for forty miles from its mouth in a north-north-westerly direction; and a very intelligent inhabitant of Sydney, who has recently visited that part of the territory, assures us that there is a large extent of available land on its banks."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Maria River, which empties itself into the Hastings at John's Plains, about twelve or fifteen miles from the settlement, is navigable we believe for forty miles from its mouth in a north-north-westerly direction; and a very intelligent inhabitant of Sydney, who has recently visited that part of the territory, assures us that there is a large extent of available land on its banks."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Maria River, which empties itself into the Hastings at John's Plains, about twelve or fifteen miles from the settlement, is navigable we believe for forty miles from its mouth in a north-north-westerly direction; and a very intelligent inhabitant of Sydney, who has recently visited that part of the territory, assures us that there is a large extent of available land on its banks."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About ten miles to the northward, from the head of the navigation of the Maria River, another navigable stream, called the McLeay, is found pursuing a north-north-easterly course to the Pacific, into which it falls about eighty miles to the northward of Port Macquarie."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About ten miles to the northward, from the head of the navigation of the Maria River, another navigable stream, called the McLeay, is found pursuing a north-north-easterly course to the Pacific, into which it falls about eighty miles to the northward of Port Macquarie."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About ten miles to the northward, from the head of the navigation of the Maria River, another navigable stream, called the McLeay, is found pursuing a north-north-easterly course to the Pacific, into which it falls about eighty miles to the northward of Port Macquarie."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Indeed the very circumstances we have mentioned, viz. , the unfavourable nature of the harbours to the northward of Port Stephens, will operate greatly in favour of the Port of Sydney, as the great shipping port on the eastern coast of New Holland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Indeed the very circumstances we have mentioned, viz. , the unfavourable nature of the harbours to the northward of Port Stephens, will operate greatly in favour of the Port of Sydney, as the great shipping port on the eastern coast of New Holland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In short, the vicinity of Port Macquarie presents a wide field for the settlement of an agricultural population; and although the harbours on that part of the coast are all bar-harbours, there is reason to believe that they are all available for steam navigation."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Indeed the very circumstances we have mentioned, viz. , the unfavourable nature of the harbours to the northward of Port Stephens, will operate greatly in favour of the Port of Sydney, as the great shipping port on the eastern coast of New Holland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"If immigration into this colonial territory should take place during the next twenty years to anything like the extent which the superior capabilities of the country, and especially of the northern settlements, would evidently warrant, there will doubtless be numerous steamboats of large dimensions plying along the coast between Sydney and the various agricultural settlements that will doubtless be formed at Port Macquarie, and still farther to the northward."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is evidently, therefore, the direct interest of the Sydney merchants, as well as of all who are interested in the prosperity and advancement of this rising capital to promote the establishment of settlements to the northward."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"But for all these settlements Sydney will be the great entrepôt, the place of transit for all goods or produce to and from the mother-country, the only haven of ships."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"If immigration into this colonial territory should take place during the next twenty years to anything like the extent which the superior capabilities of the country, and especially of the northern settlements, would evidently warrant, there will doubtless be numerous steamboats of large dimensions plying along the coast between Sydney and the various agricultural settlements that will doubtless be formed at Port Macquarie, and still farther to the northward."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As soon as the colonial boundary is extended to Bass' Straits, the wool that is grown on the Monaroo Plains will in all likelihood be shipped for England at Twofold Bay; and the numerous squatters in the neighbourhood of Yass Plains, and the Murrumbidgee, are already pointing to Port Phillip or Western Port as a much more eligible port for them than Port Jackson."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As soon as the colonial boundary is extended to Bass' Straits, the wool that is grown on the Monaroo Plains will in all likelihood be shipped for England at Twofold Bay; and the numerous squatters in the neighbourhood of Yass Plains, and the Murrumbidgee, are already pointing to Port Phillip or Western Port as a much more eligible port for them than Port Jackson."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As soon as the colonial boundary is extended to Bass' Straits, the wool that is grown on the Monaroo Plains will in all likelihood be shipped for England at Twofold Bay; and the numerous squatters in the neighbourhood of Yass Plains, and the Murrumbidgee, are already pointing to Port Phillip or Western Port as a much more eligible port for them than Port Jackson."

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As soon as the colonial boundary is extended to Bass' Straits, the wool that is grown on the Monaroo Plains will in all likelihood be shipped for England at Twofold Bay; and the numerous squatters in the neighbourhood of Yass Plains, and the Murrumbidgee, are already pointing to Port Phillip or Western Port as a much more eligible port for them than Port Jackson."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As soon as the colonial boundary is extended to Bass' Straits, the wool that is grown on the Monaroo Plains will in all likelihood be shipped for England at Twofold Bay; and the numerous squatters in the neighbourhood of Yass Plains, and the Murrumbidgee, are already pointing to Port Phillip or Western Port as a much more eligible port for them than Port Jackson."

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]]> 151.2577886,-33.85856 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As soon as the colonial boundary is extended to Bass' Straits, the wool that is grown on the Monaroo Plains will in all likelihood be shipped for England at Twofold Bay; and the numerous squatters in the neighbourhood of Yass Plains, and the Murrumbidgee, are already pointing to Port Phillip or Western Port as a much more eligible port for them than Port Jackson."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"But there is no fear of the Port Macquarie settlers running away from our splendid harbour."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Whether they have wool and other of British manufactures to purchase for domestic consumption, they must deal with the Sydney merchants, they must resort to the Sydney warehouses, they must both import and export by the vessels that trade to Port Jackson."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Whether they have wool and other of British manufactures to purchase for domestic consumption, they must deal with the Sydney merchants, they must resort to the Sydney warehouses, they must both import and export by the vessels that trade to Port Jackson."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Whether they have wool and other of British manufactures to purchase for domestic consumption, they must deal with the Sydney merchants, they must resort to the Sydney warehouses, they must both import and export by the vessels that trade to Port Jackson."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"While we cast anchor, therefore, for a few days off Port Macquarie, we shall indulge our readers with a land excursion to the northward, affording them an opportunity of accompanying a few bushrangers across the intervening country, between that settlement and Moreton Bay."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At present we only insert them, to afford our numerous and intelligent readers some idea of the wonderful capabilities and the vast importance of the Northern Settlements of New South Wales:--Copies of Statements made at different times before the resident Police Magistrate, Port Macquarie, by runaway Prisoners of the Crown from the Penal Settlement at Moreton Bay."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The following depositions were taken by Major SULLIVAN, the Police Magistrate at Port Macquarie."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"While we cast anchor, therefore, for a few days off Port Macquarie, we shall indulge our readers with a land excursion to the northward, affording them an opportunity of accompanying a few bushrangers across the intervening country, between that settlement and Moreton Bay."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We have a few remarks to make on the settlement of Moreton Bay, and on the capabilities which it presents for the formation of an extensive series of agricultural and pastoral settlements."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"No. 1. Richard Craig, per Prince Regent in 1820, states, —that he left Moreton Bay in 1830, and proceeded to Point Danger, continued along the coast and crossed several rivers till he came to the mouth of the Big River, which had an entrance resembling this, having a point on the North Shore, and having a high cliff on the south; at low water the river is about as wide as this at high water; that after getting inside the Head, it forms an estuary with two sand banks in it, the channel running round and between them."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"No. 1. Richard Craig, per Prince Regent in 1820, states, —that he left Moreton Bay in 1830, and proceeded to Point Danger, continued along the coast and crossed several rivers till he came to the mouth of the Big River, which had an entrance resembling this, having a point on the North Shore, and having a high cliff on the south; at low water the river is about as wide as this at high water; that after getting inside the Head, it forms an estuary with two sand banks in it, the channel running round and between them."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At present we only insert them, to afford our numerous and intelligent readers some idea of the wonderful capabilities and the vast importance of the Northern Settlements of New South Wales:--Copies of Statements made at different times before the resident Police Magistrate, Port Macquarie, by runaway Prisoners of the Crown from the Penal Settlement at Moreton Bay."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"He met there another runaway from Moreton Bay, who informed him he had seen the boats of H. M. S. Rainbow, go up the Western River to a great distance."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Michael Walsh, per Baring, in 1819, states that he joined the natives in the interior from Moreton Bay after which he went to Point Danger and resided in the place where the Military were formerly stationed; whilst there he was joined by a man called Christian, alias Henry Stevens; they proceeded along shore, accompanied frequently by the blacks about twenty-five miles beyond Point Danger, they came to the Black Rock River, which is about twice as wide as this (the Hastings) inside its mouth it forms a Bay, a mile and a half wide into which two branches of the river empty themselves, no bar at the entrance; an iron bound rocky shore on the north side, and sandy beach on the south; they crossed at the mouth, and went up a short distance of both branches; one is narrow and shallow, the other wide and deep, running to the south-west; they found plenty of fresh water there."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Michael Walsh, per Baring, in 1819, states that he joined the natives in the interior from Moreton Bay after which he went to Point Danger and resided in the place where the Military were formerly stationed; whilst there he was joined by a man called Christian, alias Henry Stevens; they proceeded along shore, accompanied frequently by the blacks about twenty-five miles beyond Point Danger, they came to the Black Rock River, which is about twice as wide as this (the Hastings) inside its mouth it forms a Bay, a mile and a half wide into which two branches of the river empty themselves, no bar at the entrance; an iron bound rocky shore on the north side, and sandy beach on the south; they crossed at the mouth, and went up a short distance of both branches; one is narrow and shallow, the other wide and deep, running to the south-west; they found plenty of fresh water there."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"After passing a number of small rivers and creeks, they arrived at the New River, about one hundred miles from Port Macquarie; saw some wrecks of ships, masts, and a large wood canoe at the same place."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"William Hall, per Borodino in 1827, and Daniel Smith, per Phoenix in 1826, state—that they ran away from Moreton Bay, and that having met Francis Mullighan, also a runaway, they proceeded to the beach, and about three weeks after, in crossing the Black Rock River, Mullighan was drowned, the raft separating; they found plenty of good water issuing from the rocks."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Michael Walsh, per Baring, in 1819, states that he joined the natives in the interior from Moreton Bay after which he went to Point Danger and resided in the place where the Military were formerly stationed; whilst there he was joined by a man called Christian, alias Henry Stevens; they proceeded along shore, accompanied frequently by the blacks about twenty-five miles beyond Point Danger, they came to the Black Rock River, which is about twice as wide as this (the Hastings) inside its mouth it forms a Bay, a mile and a half wide into which two branches of the river empty themselves, no bar at the entrance; an iron bound rocky shore on the north side, and sandy beach on the south; they crossed at the mouth, and went up a short distance of both branches; one is narrow and shallow, the other wide and deep, running to the south-west; they found plenty of fresh water there."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Michael Walsh, per Baring, in 1819, states that he joined the natives in the interior from Moreton Bay after which he went to Point Danger and resided in the place where the Military were formerly stationed; whilst there he was joined by a man called Christian, alias Henry Stevens; they proceeded along shore, accompanied frequently by the blacks about twenty-five miles beyond Point Danger, they came to the Black Rock River, which is about twice as wide as this (the Hastings) inside its mouth it forms a Bay, a mile and a half wide into which two branches of the river empty themselves, no bar at the entrance; an iron bound rocky shore on the north side, and sandy beach on the south; they crossed at the mouth, and went up a short distance of both branches; one is narrow and shallow, the other wide and deep, running to the south-west; they found plenty of fresh water there."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"William Hall, per Borodino in 1827, and Daniel Smith, per Phoenix in 1826, state—that they ran away from Moreton Bay, and that having met Francis Mullighan, also a runaway, they proceeded to the beach, and about three weeks after, in crossing the Black Rock River, Mullighan was drowned, the raft separating; they found plenty of good water issuing from the rocks."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In three days after leaving the Black Rock River, they reached the Big River; every day met with the natives, who generally treated them kindly but sometimes beat them: particularly when they ate the Sting Fish; it took them a whole day to cross the Big River at its mouth, and making a raft, &c. This river appeared to be a mile and a half wide and very deep; the land about was sandy, but the south side hilly and plenty of fresh water; they came to a river with three branches which appeared deep; a runaway called Black Jack is at the Large River, where he has been about three years and states that he intends coming in in about six months when he will be free."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"William Hall, per Borodino in 1827, and Daniel Smith, per Phoenix in 1826, state—that they ran away from Moreton Bay, and that having met Francis Mullighan, also a runaway, they proceeded to the beach, and about three weeks after, in crossing the Black Rock River, Mullighan was drowned, the raft separating; they found plenty of good water issuing from the rocks."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"He then directed his course about south-east, which brought him to Point Danger which took him five days, living upon some roots the natives eat, called Bungwall; he stopped there one day, and on the following crossed the river about a mile and a half from its mouth; there is a bar, but not so heavy as that here (Port Macquarie); the river where he crossed was about a quarter of a mile wide and deep; after he left the river, he directed his course for the beach; shortly afterwards he fell in with a black camp, where he was stripped by them of his clothes; they otherwise treated him kindly, and gave him fish to eat; having left them, he proceeded along the beach and came to the Half-Moon River, which he swam across at low water; after this he continued his course along the beach and in a few days reached the Black Rock River; he thinks he was absent from the time he left the settlement at Moreton Bay until he came to this river about ten days; it appears to have two branches; one from the northward, and the other from the westward; from this he went on crossing little rivers not worth mentioning until he came to the Big River, which took him six or seven days, at the rate of about fifteen miles per day; the mouth of this river appears to be very good, and navigable for large vessels, being about twice as wide as this (the Hastings) from shore to shore."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"James McCarnie, per James Pattison in 1829, states, that on leaving the settlement of Moreton Bay, he went to Logan River, and ran it up about sixty miles, and then crossed upon a tree that was lying over it."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"James McCarnie, per James Pattison in 1829, states, that on leaving the settlement of Moreton Bay, he went to Logan River, and ran it up about sixty miles, and then crossed upon a tree that was lying over it."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On this side there is a very large plain of good soil and fine grass, about six miles wide and ten long; it did not appear swampy, and was free from timber; there was plenty of good water to be had; after leaving this river, it took him about nine days to reach this place (Port Macquarie) after crossing four rivers; on getting to the New River, he was hailed by the Blacks, who took him across and brought him prisoner to Port Macquarie."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"He then directed his course about south-east, which brought him to Point Danger which took him five days, living upon some roots the natives eat, called Bungwall; he stopped there one day, and on the following crossed the river about a mile and a half from its mouth; there is a bar, but not so heavy as that here (Port Macquarie); the river where he crossed was about a quarter of a mile wide and deep; after he left the river, he directed his course for the beach; shortly afterwards he fell in with a black camp, where he was stripped by them of his clothes; they otherwise treated him kindly, and gave him fish to eat; having left them, he proceeded along the beach and came to the Half-Moon River, which he swam across at low water; after this he continued his course along the beach and in a few days reached the Black Rock River; he thinks he was absent from the time he left the settlement at Moreton Bay until he came to this river about ten days; it appears to have two branches; one from the northward, and the other from the westward; from this he went on crossing little rivers not worth mentioning until he came to the Big River, which took him six or seven days, at the rate of about fifteen miles per day; the mouth of this river appears to be very good, and navigable for large vessels, being about twice as wide as this (the Hastings) from shore to shore."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On this side there is a very large plain of good soil and fine grass, about six miles wide and ten long; it did not appear swampy, and was free from timber; there was plenty of good water to be had; after leaving this river, it took him about nine days to reach this place (Port Macquarie) after crossing four rivers; on getting to the New River, he was hailed by the Blacks, who took him across and brought him prisoner to Port Macquarie."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"V. John Burton, per Layton in 1829, gives the same account as the others, and further, that about fourteen miles to the southward of the Big River, he found coal (being a miner by trade) , and that the stone on the south side of its mouth is good lime of a grey colour; there did not appear to be any bar at the mouth; he had been accompanied by John Brown, commonly called Black Jack, who told him that he had been about two hundred miles up one of the branches, which was a mile across at that distance, and had been one hundred and fifty miles up another, where there was a creek full of eels, and that he could take him a nearer way to Sydney than by this place (Port Macquarie)."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sheik, alias Jack Brown, a Mussulman, states, that he has been absent from Moreton Bay three years and four months, having principally stopped at the large river, called by the natives Brimbo, and by some Berin."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"He saw a whale boat near the Black Rock River, and another about two miles distant, buried in the sand."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Three beaches from thence, that is, from point to point, he came to another river, which from the vast quantity of pine trees in its neighbourhood is called the Pine River; the entrance is about twice the width of the former, but shallow, the country very hilly; the pine is the same as that at Moreton Bay, of which the boats there are made; the ground was covered with coarse blady grass; from this he went through the bush."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Between Trial Bay and Smoky Cape, a schooner lies wrecked, and appears to have been there some time."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Between Trial Bay and Smoky Cape, a schooner lies wrecked, and appears to have been there some time."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"John Ellis, per Cambridge, in 1826, states, that from Point Danger, about four miles southward, he came to a small creek affected by the tide, that leads a short distance inland to a lake about two miles round, and nearly opposite to it is an island, called Turtle Island; six miles farther on the sea coast he came to a river very narrow at its mouth, but very deep, with rocky hill and quicksands on its northern side; and on its southern, hard sand; it continues narrow for about half a mile, and then branches off in three directions; the southern was wide, and led to a large lake about three miles across; having a deep channel all round, but only water for small craft in the centre; both the other branches are narrow and shallow."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Ten miles farther on the sea coast he came to the Half Moon River, having an entrance similar to the former, the country near it flat and swampy."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Continuing his journey southward he again went along the coast, until he came to the Big River; the entrance is similar to that of the Black Rock River, but considerably wider, and the channel deeper; it has three branches; he crossed it on the day of his arrival, and afterwards went up the southern branch about ten miles, and then embarked in a black's canoe, and was carried by them a long way up it, at least forty miles, and could have continued going on, the river preserving its width and depth; has been informed that the Rainbow was also at the river."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"-- John Mackintosh, chief constable of the penal settlement at Moreton Bay, states that he left Brisbane Town on November the second, in a whale boat and proceeded to the south passage, having eight men under his order and landed on the 4th."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"-- John Mackintosh, chief constable of the penal settlement at Moreton Bay, states that he left Brisbane Town on November the second, in a whale boat and proceeded to the south passage, having eight men under his order and landed on the 4th."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Turtle Island was only a short distance off."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About fifteen miles to the Northward is the Black Rock River, which was about half a mile across; from this place he went in a native's canoe down the river to its mouth, which took him full three hours; the tide being favourable; the entrance was very wide with a strong current, having only a trifling bar."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On the 10th, he came to the Black Rock River which appeared to have a heavy bar at its entrance; it is scarcely so wide as that at Point Danger, but very deep, with a strong current; on the same afternoon he crossed and proceeded on his journey, and traversed some mountains, on which were lofty trees with an agreeable strong scent, but being dark he could not see what they were."

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]]> 153.439061,-27.3978659 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

", opposite the south end of Amity Island."

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]]> 136.2091547,-30.0002315 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"-- John Mackintosh, chief constable of the penal settlement at Moreton Bay, states that he left Brisbane Town on November the second, in a whale boat and proceeded to the south passage, having eight men under his order and landed on the 4th."

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]]> 144.3249691,-38.3398795 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From this point he commenced his land journey, and arrived at the river of Point Danger on the following morning; this river at the entrance is narrow, with a heavy bar, it widens immediately afterwards to the width of this (the Hastings); he and his party crossed it on the afternoon of the 6th."

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]]> 153.439061,-27.3978659 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On the 22nd he arrived at this settlement (Port Macquarie) , after having travelled at about twenty miles a day from opposite Amity Island."

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]]> 152.4747943761859,-30.87689263798816 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On the 20th he came to another river, very deep, with a very strong current, and apparently no bar, the channel running by a reef on its north side; the north bank is very high; the south the reverse, the country continues so until it reaches the McLeay River, at which he arrived the same day."

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]]> 152.9205918,-27.0946084 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About ten miles to the northward of the former river, there is a fine bay with excellent shelter from the southward, and close to the shore are thick forests of pine like that at Moreton Bay, which is excellent for ships' masts, spars, boatbuilding, flooring, &c. &c."

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]]> 153.0260341,-27.4704528 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The land about the Brisbane is good for cultivation, but much better in the interior, where there are very extensive plains of rich soil, the Brisbane running by it."

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]]> 153.0260341,-27.4704528 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The land about the Brisbane is good for cultivation, but much better in the interior, where there are very extensive plains of rich soil, the Brisbane running by it."

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]]> 153.0260341,-27.4704528 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About one hundred and fifty miles to the northward of Moreton Bay, there is a much more noble river than either the Big River or the Brisbane."

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]]> 153.0260341,-27.4704528 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The land in the interior is excellent, the climate good although hot; the tulip and the cane (equal to the rattan) are in abundance about the Brisbane."

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]]> -81.0523979,33.9941433 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The pumice stone at Pumice Stone River is of the true kind, and abundance of it."

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]]> 152.9205918,-27.0946084 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About one hundred and fifty miles to the northward of Moreton Bay, there is a much more noble river than either the Big River or the Brisbane."

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]]> 152.9205918,-27.0946084 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The sweet potato, the yam, the banana, the sugar cane, and the tobacco plant, thrive at the settlement of Moreton Bay."

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]]> 152.9205918,-27.0946084 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The number now at Moreton Bay is only about a third of the number mentioned, the rest having been either brought up to Sydney, or removed to Norfolk Island."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The number now at Moreton Bay is only about a third of the number mentioned, the rest having been either brought up to Sydney, or removed to Norfolk Island."

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]]> 153.0260341,-27.4704528 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The banks of the Brisbane have never been flooded since the settlement has been formed."

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]]> -87.3913656,30.4101982 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the large river by Double Point, there is safe anchorage for shipping of any size, and extraordinary large shells are to be had there, that will contain a gallon of water each."

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]]> 167.954712,-29.040835 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The number now at Moreton Bay is only about a third of the number mentioned, the rest having been either brought up to Sydney, or removed to Norfolk Island."

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the late arrivals we have had intelligence from England up to the beginning of August last."

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Affairs are still wearing a favourable aspect in regard to the progress of Reform, although "certain Royal Dukes, " whose opinions have always gone for as much as they are worth with the people of England, deserve a royal ducking for their zealous but ineffectual efforts to impede it."

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In a struggle for principle carried on with the people of England in the Imperial Parliament, that great arena"

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Certainly the friends of Reform have reason to tremble for the consequences, when the DUKE of CUMBERLAND occupies the one scale and the people of England the other."

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"what a pity it is that the gentleman has not got any farther forward in perusing Goldsmith's Abridgment of the History of England, than the era of Henry the Eighth--that happy era when The right divine of Kings to govern wrong was universally allowed."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Feb. 17 — sailed the schooner John Dunscombe, M'Lean, for Port Phillip."

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]]> 2.3513765,48.8575475 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There has been a most diabolical attempt made in Paris, during the anniversary of the Three Days, to murder Louis PHILIPPE, the King of the French."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Hobart Town Extracts."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 3."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A letter reached us this morning from Port Phillip, from which we extract the following : — Dear Sir — Before the next voyage of the Caledonia I shall have a letter for you as long as the 119th psalm."

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]]> 0.0433573,51.568725 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Have you ever seen Wanstead Park in Essex ?"

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]]> 145.1743944,-38.4661352 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At present I have only time to tell you that Western Port is a fine harbour, Flinder's chart is correct as far as Elizabeth Cove, — no further."

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]]> 145.2480193,-38.3563059 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At present I have only time to tell you that Western Port is a fine harbour, Flinder's chart is correct as far as Elizabeth Cove, — no further."

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]]> 145.055099,-22.14197 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A letter reached us this morning from Port Phillip, from which we extract the following : — Dear Sir — Before the next voyage of the Caledonia I shall have a letter for you as long as the 119th psalm."

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]]> 145.2038278,-38.4898703 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I wish you would make it known that between Phillip Island and the main, where there is 1 and 1½ fathoms marked on Flinders chart there is actually five fathoms."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 149.9024927,-34.612782 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"If not take the interior of Greenwich Park, and you have a fac simile of this country."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—The following letter has been received by an applicant to General Bourke, for land at Port Phillip, from the Colonial Secretary at Sydney :"

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]]> 148.810699,-22.7741909 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Have you ever seen Wanstead Park in Essex ?"

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"ADVANCE AUSTRALIA Sydney Gazette."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To Mr. ——— Launceston."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

", soliciting land at Port Phillip, I am directed by His Excellency Sir Richard Bourke, to inform you, that the late unauthorised possession of land at that place by Mr. Batman and others, has been reported to His Majesty's government, and His Majesty's commands requested ; and that under these circumstances it is impossible to give you permission to occupy any part of the land in question upon any terms"

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—The following letter has been received by an applicant to General Bourke, for land at Port Phillip, from the Colonial Secretary at Sydney :"

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is obviously not a "conquered" country in the usual acceptation of that word, nor is it a "ceded" country, (as is Mr. Gellibrand's at Port Philip by solemn deed from the Aboriginal possessors, according to [the] American precedent) nor does it come within any of those cases provided for in "the books. ""

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]]> -75.015152,-9.189967 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The only correct view which can be taken of it is, that the British, acting like Pizarro in Peru and Colonel Smith in Caferland, have with true buccaneering piracy, forcibly seized on it, and therefore the principle of the Lex Loci can be the only one by which the question of legal jurisdiction can be decided."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 174.885971,-40.900557 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Could the British Government establish a Supreme Court at the Bay of Islands in New Zealand, of which the British have somewhat of the same sort of "occupancy" of which the Attorney-General speaks, and declaring the "King's power to exist there, authorise the Judges to try, condemn, and execute, the New Zealand Aborigine for murder, who, by his Lex Loci, kills and eats his fellow countryman?"

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]]> 142.8214805,-38.5792807 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Could the British Government establish a Supreme Court at the Bay of Islands in New Zealand, of which the British have somewhat of the same sort of "occupancy" of which the Attorney-General speaks, and declaring the "King's power to exist there, authorise the Judges to try, condemn, and execute, the New Zealand Aborigine for murder, who, by his Lex Loci, kills and eats his fellow countryman?"

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]]> 174.885971,-40.900557 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Could the British Government establish a Supreme Court at the Bay of Islands in New Zealand, of which the British have somewhat of the same sort of "occupancy" of which the Attorney-General speaks, and declaring the "King's power to exist there, authorise the Judges to try, condemn, and execute, the New Zealand Aborigine for murder, who, by his Lex Loci, kills and eats his fellow countryman?"

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A small foretaste of the doings that may be expected from this hopeful settlement is given in a No. of a Launceston paper, the "Chronicle" of last month."

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]]> -77.1945247,41.2033216 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Some people talk of Penn and Pensylvania, and compare them with the Port Phillip adventure!"

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> -77.1945247,41.2033216 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Some people talk of Penn and Pensylvania, and compare them with the Port Phillip adventure!"

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Some people talk of Penn and Pensylvania, and compare them with the Port Phillip adventure!"

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 6."

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]]> -77.1945247,41.2033216 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There is not a bit of Penn or Pensylvania about it."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We hear some curious facts with relation to this Port Phillip adventure, which we wait a very little longer time to disclose."

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]]> -77.1945247,41.2033216 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There is not a bit of Penn or Pensylvania about it."

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]]> -76.085227,40.1017643 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Aborigines of Van Dieman's Land, of whom it is quite distressing to think that the whole nation is reduced to 118 souls, are a very different people from those of New Holland, and it is consistent with human nature to suppose that they would be regarded with much greater suspicion by the latter than a philanthropic European like Mr. Robinson."

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]]> -8.28,51.8686111 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"THE following account of the present state of the miserable remnant of the Aborigines of Van Dieman's Land, recently collected by that eminently meritorious person, Mr. Robinson, and now located by the Van Dieman's Land Executive on Flinders' or Great Island, in Bass' Straits, is from the Hobart Town Courier of the 25th ult."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"THE following account of the present state of the miserable remnant of the Aborigines of Van Dieman's Land, recently collected by that eminently meritorious person, Mr. Robinson, and now located by the Van Dieman's Land Executive on Flinders' or Great Island, in Bass' Straits, is from the Hobart Town Courier of the 25th ult."

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]]> 148.052689,-39.9836386 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The passage is introduced and followed up by one of the wildest of the Doctor's speculations, that of employing the natives on Flinders Island for the civilization of the Aborigines in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The passage is introduced and followed up by one of the wildest of the Doctor's speculations, that of employing the natives on Flinders Island for the civilization of the Aborigines in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Instead of the fatiguing and wearisome, savage-like "corroborries, " which in a degree affected their health and wasted their constitution; instead of employing their time in the making of spears and other hostile weapons, in angry dissensions, quarrels, and mutual slander, (for strange to say, though not in Hobart Town, and without the stimulus of newspapers, that vice prevailed amongst them) they now occupy their hours of interchange from more laborious occupation, in hunting, at cricket, trap ball, or marbles, to which last their females are very partial."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Some of the little ones, not more than ten years of age, who had been taught in the Orphan School, at Hobart Town, assist as monitors and teachers, and in a short time, it is likely there will scarcely be a black upon the island that cannot read."

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]]> -76.085227,40.1017643 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Besides they would have a different language from their own to learn, and the probability is, that in the process of learning that language, they would revert to their pristine savage habits rather than that they would elevate the Aborigines of New Holland to their own level."

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]]> -2.4290148,53.8337367 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In thirty years— the period which it required under the iron rod of Spain to exterminate all the native inhabitants of Hispaniola— the four numerous tribes or nations into which the Aborigines of Van Dieman's Land were divided, have been reduced, under the *mild sway* of Britain, to 118 souls, imprisoned in an island in Bass' Straits!"

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]]> -3.74922,40.46366700000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In thirty years— the period which it required under the iron rod of Spain to exterminate all the native inhabitants of Hispaniola— the four numerous tribes or nations into which the Aborigines of Van Dieman's Land were divided, have been reduced, under the *mild sway* of Britain, to 118 souls, imprisoned in an island in Bass' Straits!"

TLCMap

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]]> -76.085227,40.1017643 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We speak of New Holland, for the natives of this island are now, or shortly will be, we are proud to say, in a state of comparative happiness and security."

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"- We are sorry to find that the unjustifiable and ruinous practice of giving frequent and long vacations, or holidays, as they are termed by the boys, in public schools, has been introduced from England into most of the schools of the colony."

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"England has planted her colonies upon their territory, has chosen it as a receptacle for her worst offenders, and can that nation, so justly boastful of its national glory, be held blameless, if through some blind, mistaken narrow-minded feeling of economy she withhold her best endeavours to ameliorate, if not at least to protect them ?"

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sixteen hundred thus packed and exported, were sold the other day in Launceston, at 3s."

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]]> 151.2091906,-33.8732069 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A meeting of the friends of the Sydney Dispensary was held in the Old Court House, Castlereagh Street, on Tuesday evening, the Honourable A. McLeay, Esq."

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]]> 151.1534617,-34.0535431 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Messrs. Wylde and Mackenzie, of the Australian College, have very properly set their faces against it, and we trust their example will be generally followed."

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]]> 115.8604805,-31.9575252 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A meeting of the friends of the Sydney Dispensary was held in the Old Court House, Castlereagh Street, on Tuesday evening, the Honourable A. McLeay, Esq."

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]]> 151.012526223561,-33.49757530418603 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Government has, we understand, purchased a thousand bushels of Wheat from Mr. Daniel Egan, and sent it in a small vessel down to the Hawkesbury River, to be distributed on loan amongst the poorer classes of settlers whose crops have failed this last season, and which not only deprives them at present of the staff of life, but prevents their sowing any for the next crop for want of seed."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A meeting of the friends of the Sydney Dispensary was held in the Old Court House, Castlereagh Street, on Tuesday evening, the Honourable A. McLeay, Esq."

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"ADVANCE AUSTRALIA SYDNEY GAZETTE."

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]]> 141.6361111,-38.3291667 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"March 18 — Arrived the schooner Thistle, Captain Dempster, from Portland Bay."

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]]> 174.885971,-40.900557 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"March 13 — Sailed the brig Brazil Packet, Captain Crow, for New Zealand."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"March 10 — Arrived the schooner Enter-prise, Captain Hunter, from Port Phillip, with bark."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 3."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To the Editor of the Sydney Gazette"

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. J. H. Wedge to the Colonial Secretary, dated the 13th instant, from Port Philip, notifying a flagrant outrage committed upon the natives at Western Port, by a party of men employed in collecting mimosa bark; and His Excellency cannot express in terms sufficiently strong his regret and abhorrence of such inhumanity perpetrated upon an harmless and unoffending race, who, it is reported, have evinced the most earnest desire to maintain a friendly understanding with his Majesty's subjects."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""Although the occupation of the lands on the southern coast of N. S. Wales for pastoral and other purposes, or for collecting bark, has not, so far as is known to this Government, been sanctioned by any competent authority - yet, the coast adjacent to Port Philip, and Western Port,"

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"to the laws of England, and of New South Wales; and that an assurance has been received from His Excellency Sir Richard Bourke, that measures will be promptly taken to bring to trial before"

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]]> 145.2480193,-38.3563059 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""Although the occupation of the lands on the southern coast of N. S. Wales for pastoral and other purposes, or for collecting bark, has not, so far as is known to this Government, been sanctioned by any competent authority - yet, the coast adjacent to Port Philip, and Western Port,"

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"is within the jurisdiction of New South"

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]]> 145.2480193,-38.3563059 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. J. H. Wedge to the Colonial Secretary, dated the 13th instant, from Port Philip, notifying a flagrant outrage committed upon the natives at Western Port, by a party of men employed in collecting mimosa bark; and His Excellency cannot express in terms sufficiently strong his regret and abhorrence of such inhumanity perpetrated upon an harmless and unoffending race, who, it is reported, have evinced the most earnest desire to maintain a friendly understanding with his Majesty's subjects."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"the Supreme Court at Sydney, any offender committing outrages on the"

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]]> 145.2480193,-38.3563059 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"" Since my late arrival at this place I have learned that a flagrant outrage has been committed upon the natives at Western Port by a party of men employed in collecting mimosa bark—the details of which I feel"

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]]> 121.6283098,-27.6728168 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It appears that the natives were fired upon soon after sunrise whilst lying in their huts, and one young girl about thirteen years of age was wounded in both her thighs, the ball passing through one into the other, grazing the bone in its passage, which has so far disabled her at the present moment that her parents were obliged to carry her on their backs from Western port to this place—a distance of about 30 miles—and it is apprehended that she will not recover the use of her legs."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The letter referred to from Mr. Surveyor Wedge is dated Bearport, Port Philip, 15th March, 1836,"

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]]> 141.6361111,-38.3291667 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"outrages have been committed upon the aborigines at Portland bay and other whaling stations, and unless some measures be adopted to protect the natives, a spirit of hostility will be created against the whites, which in all probability will lead to a state of warfare between them and the aborigines, which will only terminate when the black"

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]]> 88.3628734,22.5743545 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Yesterday we received by the Alexander from Calcutta, a file of the India Gazette to the 6th January last, and of the Madras Gazette of an older date, from which we have not space for extracts at present; but as copious a digest as practicable of the most interesting of their contents will probably appear in our"

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]]> 151.1985879,-33.9376579 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Ponder this well all ye burgomasters of Botany Bay who have more money than wit, and try if it may not be more prudent to give and take a little, to and from another—to club your several means and abilities, and join in a long pull a strong pull and a pull altogether, for that which you all profess—namely—the public good."

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]]> 78.96288,20.593684 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Yesterday we received by the Alexander from Calcutta, a file of the India Gazette to the 6th January last, and of the Madras Gazette of an older date, from which we have not space for extracts at present; but as copious a digest as practicable of the most interesting of their contents will probably appear in our"

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We scarcely need men-tion that the Tea referred to was received at Sydney from China, and re-shipped, as a matter of speculation to London:— New South Wales Tea."

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]]> 104.195397,35.86166 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We scarcely need men-tion that the Tea referred to was received at Sydney from China, and re-shipped, as a matter of speculation to London:— New South Wales Tea."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We scarcely need men-tion that the Tea referred to was received at Sydney from China, and re-shipped, as a matter of speculation to London:— New South Wales Tea."

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]]> 80.2704622,13.0843007 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Yesterday we received by the Alexander from Calcutta, a file of the India Gazette to the 6th January last, and of the Madras Gazette of an older date, from which we have not space for extracts at present; but as copious a digest as practicable of the most interesting of their contents will probably appear in our"

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]]> 88.3628734,22.5743545 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Vestal, William Harris, and Mary from this port were at Calcutta when the"

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]]> 151.2084553,-33.839367 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—The first shipment of tea, grown in New South Wales, has just been received in London."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—The first shipment of tea, grown in New South Wales, has just been received in London."

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"If this tea be, as it is represented as being, good, the above arrival will be one of the most important events to England, of modern times."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By following up the trade, and encouraging our Colonists, we shall reduce the amount of our present vast exportation of gold and silver, to purchase teas of that imperious and besotted nation, the Chinese, who look down upon all people, while our own wealth will be increased by trading with the Colony of New South Wales, and that quarter itself enriched by such a traffic with the parent country."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For the last thirty years, it has never before been asserted by any of the Captains who have visited the port, that the Latitude 43° 0' S. , Longitude 147° 30' E. , the established position of Hobart Town, was incorrect."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A gentleman here, who has, for years past kept a meteorological journal, and to ascertain the time for the keeper of the town clock, was accustomed to place Hobart Town flag-staff to the position first above mentioned."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"POSITION OF HOBART TOWN."

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]]> 141.6361111,-38.3291667 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORTLAND BAY."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The position therefore of the flag-staff of Hobart Town, was no doubt correctly ascertained by them, and will in future be so considered."

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]]> 141.6361111,-38.3291667 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Henty has obtained from the British Government from ten to twenty thousand acres of land there, and has erected thereon, an elegant stone house, and other buildings whilst his flock, nearly 3, 000, are increasing beyond precedent, so that soon he may be entitled "The King of Portland Bay, " as George Meredith, Esq. , has been styled the King of Great Swan Port."

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]]> 148.2225603,-42.085817 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Henty has obtained from the British Government from ten to twenty thousand acres of land there, and has erected thereon, an elegant stone house, and other buildings whilst his flock, nearly 3, 000, are increasing beyond precedent, so that soon he may be entitled "The King of Portland Bay, " as George Meredith, Esq. , has been styled the King of Great Swan Port."

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]]> 88.3628734,22.5743545 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We have seen a letter, dated the 23d March, announcing her safe arrival, and the intention of her immediate departure for Calcutta."

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]]> 147.4523853516177,-42.74902501185371 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is with much regret that we announce the premature and accidental death by drowning of Dr. Smith, at the Coal River, on Saturday last."

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]]> 141.6361111,-38.3291667 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Some weeks ago, that enterprising fellow-Colonist, Capt. Kelly, chartered the Boadicea, Captain Wright, to convey men and implements, to form an extensive Whaling Establishment at the Whaling Grounds, Portland Bay."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Sailed, the schooner Adelaide, Captain McCleland, for Port Philip, with 500 sheep."

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]]> 141.6361111,-38.3291667 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Sailed, the schooner Thistle, Captain Dempster, for Portland Bay, with 300 sheep and stores."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Sailed, the brig Chili, Captain Nixon, for Port Phillip."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Sailed, the schooner Hetty, Captain Langley, for Port Philip, with 750 sheep, and stores."

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]]> 138.6007456,-34.9284989 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Sailed, the schooner Adelaide, Captain McCleland, for Port Philip, with 500 sheep."

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]]> 149.1498316,-35.2967152 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Passengers, Messrs. M'Killop, Russell, Birch, M'Kenzie, Archer, Marianne, Wm."

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]]> 130.9543832,-12.5085399 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Passengers, Messrs. M'Killop, Russell, Birch, M'Kenzie, Archer, Marianne, Wm."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Launceston Advertiser, March 24."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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]]> 148.9432782,-21.1451836 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Passengers, Messrs. M'Killop, Russell, Birch, M'Kenzie, Archer, Marianne, Wm."

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]]> -122.7496693,53.9170641 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Prince George, Revenue cutter, we understand, will be despatched to Port Phillip, with either a detachment of military or a party of police, we have not heard which, for the protection of the squatters and the natives at that place — each from the aggressions of the other."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 4."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Prince George, Revenue cutter, we understand, will be despatched to Port Phillip, with either a detachment of military or a party of police, we have not heard which, for the protection of the squatters and the natives at that place — each from the aggressions of the other."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 4."

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]]> 145.2480193,-38.3563059 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WHEREAS it has been represented to me that a flagrant OUTRAGE has been committed upon the ABORIGINAL NATIVES of WESTERN PORT by a Party of WHITE MEN, and that other OUTRAGES of a similar nature have been committed by Stockmen and Others upon the Natives in the neighbourhood of PORT PHILLIP; NOW, therefore, I, The Governor, in pursuance of the Power and Authority in me vested, do hereby Proclaim and Notify to all His Majesty's subjects and others whom it may concern, that the whole of the country on the Southern Coast of New Holland, travelling westward from Wilson's Promontory to the One Hundred and twenty-ninth Degree of East longitude, reckoning from the meridian of Greenwich, being within the limits of New South Wales, all Persons residing or being within the same, are subject to the laws in force in the said colony, and the promptest measures will be taken by me to cause all persons who may be guilty of any Outrage against the Aboriginal Natives, or of any branch of the said law to be brought to trial before the Supreme Court of New South Wales and Published accordingly."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By His Excellency Major-General Sir Richard Bourke, K. C. B. , Commanding His Majesty's Forces, Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Territory of New South Wales and its Dependencies, and Vice Admiral of the same, &c. &c. &c."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WHEREAS it has been represented to me that a flagrant OUTRAGE has been committed upon the ABORIGINAL NATIVES of WESTERN PORT by a Party of WHITE MEN, and that other OUTRAGES of a similar nature have been committed by Stockmen and Others upon the Natives in the neighbourhood of PORT PHILLIP; NOW, therefore, I, The Governor, in pursuance of the Power and Authority in me vested, do hereby Proclaim and Notify to all His Majesty's subjects and others whom it may concern, that the whole of the country on the Southern Coast of New Holland, travelling westward from Wilson's Promontory to the One Hundred and twenty-ninth Degree of East longitude, reckoning from the meridian of Greenwich, being within the limits of New South Wales, all Persons residing or being within the same, are subject to the laws in force in the said colony, and the promptest measures will be taken by me to cause all persons who may be guilty of any Outrage against the Aboriginal Natives, or of any branch of the said law to be brought to trial before the Supreme Court of New South Wales and Published accordingly."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WHEREAS it has been represented to me that a flagrant OUTRAGE has been committed upon the ABORIGINAL NATIVES of WESTERN PORT by a Party of WHITE MEN, and that other OUTRAGES of a similar nature have been committed by Stockmen and Others upon the Natives in the neighbourhood of PORT PHILLIP; NOW, therefore, I, The Governor, in pursuance of the Power and Authority in me vested, do hereby Proclaim and Notify to all His Majesty's subjects and others whom it may concern, that the whole of the country on the Southern Coast of New Holland, travelling westward from Wilson's Promontory to the One Hundred and twenty-ninth Degree of East longitude, reckoning from the meridian of Greenwich, being within the limits of New South Wales, all Persons residing or being within the same, are subject to the laws in force in the said colony, and the promptest measures will be taken by me to cause all persons who may be guilty of any Outrage against the Aboriginal Natives, or of any branch of the said law to be brought to trial before the Supreme Court of New South Wales and Published accordingly."

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]]> 151.1850513,-33.8351158 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WHEREAS it has been represented to me that a flagrant OUTRAGE has been committed upon the ABORIGINAL NATIVES of WESTERN PORT by a Party of WHITE MEN, and that other OUTRAGES of a similar nature have been committed by Stockmen and Others upon the Natives in the neighbourhood of PORT PHILLIP; NOW, therefore, I, The Governor, in pursuance of the Power and Authority in me vested, do hereby Proclaim and Notify to all His Majesty's subjects and others whom it may concern, that the whole of the country on the Southern Coast of New Holland, travelling westward from Wilson's Promontory to the One Hundred and twenty-ninth Degree of East longitude, reckoning from the meridian of Greenwich, being within the limits of New South Wales, all Persons residing or being within the same, are subject to the laws in force in the said colony, and the promptest measures will be taken by me to cause all persons who may be guilty of any Outrage against the Aboriginal Natives, or of any branch of the said law to be brought to trial before the Supreme Court of New South Wales and Published accordingly."

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]]> 149.0776669,-35.3015854 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"GIVEN under my Hand and Seal, at Government House, Sydney, this Third day of May, One thousand eight hundred and thirty six"

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]]> -76.085227,40.1017643 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WHEREAS it has been represented to me that a flagrant OUTRAGE has been committed upon the ABORIGINAL NATIVES of WESTERN PORT by a Party of WHITE MEN, and that other OUTRAGES of a similar nature have been committed by Stockmen and Others upon the Natives in the neighbourhood of PORT PHILLIP; NOW, therefore, I, The Governor, in pursuance of the Power and Authority in me vested, do hereby Proclaim and Notify to all His Majesty's subjects and others whom it may concern, that the whole of the country on the Southern Coast of New Holland, travelling westward from Wilson's Promontory to the One Hundred and twenty-ninth Degree of East longitude, reckoning from the meridian of Greenwich, being within the limits of New South Wales, all Persons residing or being within the same, are subject to the laws in force in the said colony, and the promptest measures will be taken by me to cause all persons who may be guilty of any Outrage against the Aboriginal Natives, or of any branch of the said law to be brought to trial before the Supreme Court of New South Wales and Published accordingly."

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]]> 145.515996591636,-37.73805667053507 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The settlement is made on a rising ground called "Barebup" by the Natives, on the North bank of, and about three miles up the Yarra Yarra, in lat."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"GIVEN under my Hand and Seal, at Government House, Sydney, this Third day of May, One thousand eight hundred and thirty six"

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 4."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 4."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 145.103578,-37.704182 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Nothing can interest a stranger more than the appearance, manners, and language of the Natives; the Settlement is seldom without a few of them, and often 150 and 200 have been here together for several days; they are formed into tribes of greater or smaller numbers, and it is seldom that the whole tribe come here together; the Jagga Jagga tribe are said to be the most powerful of any—the men are generally fine tall well made fellows, and their phisiognomy and general appearance by no means disagreeable."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip, properly so called, is entered by a narrow passage, formed by Point Nepean on the East, and Indented Head on the West; after coming through this passage, you are about 38 miles from the mouth of the river; the bay is of a much greater extent than that shewn by any chart I have yet seen; all chart or map makers have taken their outline from "Flinders, " who in his description does not pretend to accuracy above "Arthur's Seat. ""

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]]> 144.6832575,-38.3155755 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip, properly so called, is entered by a narrow passage, formed by Point Nepean on the East, and Indented Head on the West; after coming through this passage, you are about 38 miles from the mouth of the river; the bay is of a much greater extent than that shewn by any chart I have yet seen; all chart or map makers have taken their outline from "Flinders, " who in his description does not pretend to accuracy above "Arthur's Seat. ""

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]]> 133.8978034,-23.6914942 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"These Natives on the whole may justly be termed an intelligent people, much superior to the blacks at Van Diemen's Land or the East side of New Holland."

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]]> -76.085227,40.1017643 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"These Natives on the whole may justly be termed an intelligent people, much superior to the blacks at Van Diemen's Land or the East side of New Holland."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"— Mr. J. T. Gellibrand, the Governor-in-Chief of this new settlement, as the Tasmanian please to call him, left Hobart Town on Tuesday week, for Port Philip, this being his third visit to that place."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"— Mr. J. T. Gellibrand, the Governor-in-Chief of this new settlement, as the Tasmanian please to call him, left Hobart Town on Tuesday week, for Port Philip, this being his third visit to that place."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Tasmanian contradicts in the most positive terms which language can express, the rumours that Colonel Arthur has some interest in the Port Philip speculation."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The following communication, signed J. S. H. W. , we copy from the True Colonist of the 3rd instant:—"Having just returned from Port Philip, I beg leave to offer you a few remarks respecting that fine country."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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]]> 138.6007456,-34.9284989 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Adelaide has taken over about 7000 sheep, and has not lost more than ten, which, in such a number, amounts to no loss at all."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We have been favoured with a sight of Police Sergeant Price's log of the proceedings of the Prince George Revenue cutter, in her late expedition to Port Phillip, with Mr. Stewart, J. P. , from which we have drawn the following account of the settlement, together with the general appearance of the surrounding country, which we trust will be interesting to our readers."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"He has formed a committee of the principal inhabitants for the preservation of order, and the punishment of offenders; and he has six of the Sydney black fellows whom he employs on occasion as constables."

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]]> -122.7496693,53.9170641 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We have been favoured with a sight of Police Sergeant Price's log of the proceedings of the Prince George Revenue cutter, in her late expedition to Port Phillip, with Mr. Stewart, J. P. , from which we have drawn the following account of the settlement, together with the general appearance of the surrounding country, which we trust will be interesting to our readers."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Previous to the sailing of the latter, proclamations were posted up, warning the settlers that they were trespassers, and cautioning them against maltreating or in any way molesting the Aborigines, as they would, in that case be apprehended and tried in the Supreme Court, Sydney; and the committee forwarded a petition to the Government of New South Wales, praying for a Police Magistrate, with a force of constables to be appointed, to their settlement; at the same time acknowledging themselves to be trespassers, and applying for grants of land."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Simpson, who was in the chair, was voted to act as Magistrate until an answer arrived from Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This man, who is about six feet six inches high, with a foot about eighteen inches in length, was a runaway from Hobart Town, and had on Mr. Bateman's arrival, lived thirty-two years among the blacks."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""But, if Parliament should sanction a Bill for the new constitution of the Legislative Council of New South Wales, no objection will, in the opinion of the Secretary of State, be entertained to the enactment of a law, appointing, under proper regulations, an Agent in England to correspond with that body, and no individual would personally be more acceptable to His Majesty's Government, in that character, than the gentleman to whom the Patriotic Society have proposed to confide the office of Parliamentary Advocate."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""But, if Parliament should sanction a Bill for the new constitution of the Legislative Council of New South Wales, no objection will, in the opinion of the Secretary of State, be entertained to the enactment of a law, appointing, under proper regulations, an Agent in England to correspond with that body, and no individual would personally be more acceptable to His Majesty's Government, in that character, than the gentleman to whom the Patriotic Society have proposed to confide the office of Parliamentary Advocate."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"SIR, — I take it for granted the expedition along the Coast of Southern Australia, will have to combat the customary objections and prejudices invariably attending the outset of great and useful enterprises."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When we look among the many pastoral and migratory nations inhabiting the Steppes of Tartary and Arabia, we behold a lively picture, and a most unquestionable precedent, to encourage the patronage of the Public, in favor of the present expedition ; which, with reference to their accompanying Flocks and Herds, will preserve, very nearly, the character and simplicity of their Asiatic brethren."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When we look among the many pastoral and migratory nations inhabiting the Steppes of Tartary and Arabia, we behold a lively picture, and a most unquestionable precedent, to encourage the patronage of the Public, in favor of the present expedition ; which, with reference to their accompanying Flocks and Herds, will preserve, very nearly, the character and simplicity of their Asiatic brethren."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 3."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I infer, from the persevering industry, and uncommon ardour displayed by the Colonists of Van Diemen's Land, in thus pouring their stock into Port Phillip, that " there has been a pinch at home, " which indeed, is well known to be actually the case, at the present hour, the pasturage of Van Diemen's Land being insufficient to answer their continually increasing flocks."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Southern Coast of Australia, within about 150 miles, of which the proposed expedition will travel, diverging in its course to the right or left as the nature of the ground and pasturage require, has now a chain of Settlements up to the Head of Spencer's Gulf, where the South Australian Company are locating."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Of these, the principal are Port Phillip, lying in Latitude 37° 45 S. and Longitude 145° E. , and, the location of the Company already alluded to in Spencer's Gulf; the head of which, or Mount Arden, lies in 32° 10 S. and Longitude 138°"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For the last two or three years it has been a close bite in Van Diemen's Land ; than which, nothing is more injurious to pasture ; the contiguity of Port Phillip to Launceston, afforded an easy outlet, and it is through this channel the overloaded lands of Tasmania will be relieved, with profit to all parties ; that relief however is perspective only; the exportation must be doubled and trebled, before it is bona fide felt ; and in the ratio of arrivals at Port Phillip, the Settlers there will be obliged to fall back into the interior, far beyond the limits of the oblong square chalked out as the present Boundary of the Settlement ; while the Horned Cattle, overtaken by the close and even bite of migratory flocks of Sheep, must retire into the deeper recesses of the country."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Of these, the principal are Port Phillip, lying in Latitude 37° 45 S. and Longitude 145° E. , and, the location of the Company already alluded to in Spencer's Gulf; the head of which, or Mount Arden, lies in 32° 10 S. and Longitude 138°"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip, occupying as it deserves, a considerable share, of public attention, is rapidly taking a place, and an important one, in the scale of our Australian dependencies ; there is little room to doubt that this Settlement already possesses the extraordinary number of 50, 000 Sheep with a proportionate quantity of Cattle in present depasture ; the creation and stocking of this place to such an extent, and in such an almost incredible short space of time, is certainly astonishing ; realizing in a natural way, those magnificent appearances, which in our early day were held as the peculiar attribute and effect of the enchanter's wand."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"ADVANCE AUSTRALIA Sydney Gazette."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For the last two or three years it has been a close bite in Van Diemen's Land ; than which, nothing is more injurious to pasture ; the contiguity of Port Phillip to Launceston, afforded an easy outlet, and it is through this channel the overloaded lands of Tasmania will be relieved, with profit to all parties ; that relief however is perspective only; the exportation must be doubled and trebled, before it is bona fide felt ; and in the ratio of arrivals at Port Phillip, the Settlers there will be obliged to fall back into the interior, far beyond the limits of the oblong square chalked out as the present Boundary of the Settlement ; while the Horned Cattle, overtaken by the close and even bite of migratory flocks of Sheep, must retire into the deeper recesses of the country."

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]]> 146.8087322,-42.0409059 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For the last two or three years it has been a close bite in Van Diemen's Land ; than which, nothing is more injurious to pasture ; the contiguity of Port Phillip to Launceston, afforded an easy outlet, and it is through this channel the overloaded lands of Tasmania will be relieved, with profit to all parties ; that relief however is perspective only; the exportation must be doubled and trebled, before it is bona fide felt ; and in the ratio of arrivals at Port Phillip, the Settlers there will be obliged to fall back into the interior, far beyond the limits of the oblong square chalked out as the present Boundary of the Settlement ; while the Horned Cattle, overtaken by the close and even bite of migratory flocks of Sheep, must retire into the deeper recesses of the country."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For the last two or three years it has been a close bite in Van Diemen's Land ; than which, nothing is more injurious to pasture ; the contiguity of Port Phillip to Launceston, afforded an easy outlet, and it is through this channel the overloaded lands of Tasmania will be relieved, with profit to all parties ; that relief however is perspective only; the exportation must be doubled and trebled, before it is bona fide felt ; and in the ratio of arrivals at Port Phillip, the Settlers there will be obliged to fall back into the interior, far beyond the limits of the oblong square chalked out as the present Boundary of the Settlement ; while the Horned Cattle, overtaken by the close and even bite of migratory flocks of Sheep, must retire into the deeper recesses of the country."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sydney, July 26, 1836."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Some Port Phillip natives, it is said, have recently murdered a gentleman named Franks, a "squatter" in that direction, together with a shepherd who was in his service."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 1."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Independently of considerations of good policy, as connected with the future welfare of New South Wales, the present occasion is one that can admit scarcely any palliative for delay on the part of the"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is nothing more, indeed, than what we in effect prognosticated months ago, when urging the necessity of a timely interference on the part of our Authorities here; and unless the promptest possible measures be taken in earnest to bring the country northwards from Cape Otway, to all intents and purposes, within the limits of this Colony, and operation of British law, - sanguinary acts of aggression and of retaliation will doubtless be continually recurring, until the mischief get too great perhaps to be quelled very easily, or very soon."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 151.8409214,-32.7684603 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is one of the most fortunate circumstances for the general welfare and advancement of this colony that could possibly have occurred, that the eligibility and importance of the southern portions of this territory were comparatively unknown to the colonists about ten years ago, when the Australian Agricultural Company planted itself on its immense grant of a million acres at Port Stephens."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"TWOFOLD BAY AND PORT PHILLIP"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"But that evil would have been tenfold greater, and would have operated with tenfold greater force, as a drag and dead-weight upon the colony, had the Company set itself down at Port Phillip, and picked out a million of acres of the best land in that most eligibly situated and highly promising locality."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"TWOFOLD BAY AND PORT PHILLIP"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Even if it had appropriated the less important harbour of Twofold Bay, and selected the same extent of the best land within reach of that commanding situation, the general advancement of the colony would have been greatly retarded."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Twofold Bay is admirably situated for a commercial town, being a sort of half-way house between Sydney and Hobart Town, Sydney and Launceston, Sydney and Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Twofold Bay is admirably situated for a commercial town, being a sort of half-way house between Sydney and Hobart Town, Sydney and Launceston, Sydney and Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Twofold Bay is admirably situated for a commercial town, being a sort of half-way house between Sydney and Hobart Town, Sydney and Launceston, Sydney and Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Twofold Bay is admirably situated for a commercial town, being a sort of half-way house between Sydney and Hobart Town, Sydney and Launceston, Sydney and Port Phillip."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Twofold Bay is admirably situated for a commercial town, being a sort of half-way house between Sydney and Hobart Town, Sydney and Launceston, Sydney and Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Twofold Bay is admirably situated for a commercial town, being a sort of half-way house between Sydney and Hobart Town, Sydney and Launceston, Sydney and Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Twofold Bay is admirably situated for a commercial town, being a sort of half-way house between Sydney and Hobart Town, Sydney and Launceston, Sydney and Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"And if the Government were to adopt the principle of appropriating the proceeds of all sales of land in such vicinities as Twofold Bay and Port Phillip, for the importation of free emigrant mechanics, and agricultural labourers into these settlements respectively, setting them down in the first instance at the port nearest that part of the territory from which the requisite fund had been derived from the sale of land to defray the expense of their passage out, leaving them, of course, to find their way into whatever part of the territory they might choose to settle in thereafter, the general interests of the colony would be much better studied than under the present arrangement."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"And if the Government were to adopt the principle of appropriating the proceeds of all sales of land in such vicinities as Twofold Bay and Port Phillip, for the importation of free emigrant mechanics, and agricultural labourers into these settlements respectively, setting them down in the first instance at the port nearest that part of the territory from which the requisite fund had been derived from the sale of land to defray the expense of their passage out, leaving them, of course, to find their way into whatever part of the territory they might choose to settle in thereafter, the general interests of the colony would be much better studied than under the present arrangement."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"in the purchase of land and town allotments at Twofold Bay, it would be hard to have the three hundred and thirty-five families of agricultural labourers and mechanics which that amount would suffice to bring out from England, at the rate allowed by the Government, all landed at Sydney, and the capitalist who had invested money to so large an amount on the capabilities of improvement held out to them in that part of the territory, left to hire labourers and mechanics probably on much less favourable terms than he might otherwise have obtained, in Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There is another suggestion to which we conceive the Colonial Government ought by all means to attend in forming settlements in such localities as Port Phillip and Twofold Bay."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"hand, if the agricultural labourers and mechanics, imported from the proceeds of the land and town allotments to be sold in the vicinity of Twofold Bay, were to be left to take their chance in that district in the first instance, the value of all descriptions of property in that neighbourhood would be greatly enhanced, from the large supply of available labour, and the Government would be the first to reap the benefit of their own wise policy in the greatly increased value of their land."

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"in the purchase of land and town allotments at Twofold Bay, it would be hard to have the three hundred and thirty-five families of agricultural labourers and mechanics which that amount would suffice to bring out from England, at the rate allowed by the Government, all landed at Sydney, and the capitalist who had invested money to so large an amount on the capabilities of improvement held out to them in that part of the territory, left to hire labourers and mechanics probably on much less favourable terms than he might otherwise have obtained, in Sydney."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There is another suggestion to which we conceive the Colonial Government ought by all means to attend in forming settlements in such localities as Port Phillip and Twofold Bay."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"in the purchase of land and town allotments at Twofold Bay, it would be hard to have the three hundred and thirty-five families of agricultural labourers and mechanics which that amount would suffice to bring out from England, at the rate allowed by the Government, all landed at Sydney, and the capitalist who had invested money to so large an amount on the capabilities of improvement held out to them in that part of the territory, left to hire labourers and mechanics probably on much less favourable terms than he might otherwise have obtained, in Sydney."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"in the purchase of land and town allotments at Twofold Bay, it would be hard to have the three hundred and thirty-five families of agricultural labourers and mechanics which that amount would suffice to bring out from England, at the rate allowed by the Government, all landed at Sydney, and the capitalist who had invested money to so large an amount on the capabilities of improvement held out to them in that part of the territory, left to hire labourers and mechanics probably on much less favourable terms than he might otherwise have obtained, in Sydney."

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]]> 149.9020654,-37.0695903 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Twofold Bay is a safe and commodious but by no means, an extensive harbour, Snug Cove, as it was named by the accurate Captain Flinders, is large enough to afford mooring-room for about half a dozen vessels."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It would be a prodigious loss to this colony, for instance, if the large extent of arable land of the first quality within reach of water-carriage at Port Phillip should be portioned out into large sheep and cattle farms."

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]]> 149.9276991,-37.0843679 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Twofold Bay is a safe and commodious but by no means, an extensive harbour, Snug Cove, as it was named by the accurate Captain Flinders, is large enough to afford mooring-room for about half a dozen vessels."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The land in the immediate vicinity of Twofold Bay is of very inferior quality, although about twelve miles from the Bay there is a limited extent of tolerably fair land."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"fold Bay might not render it impracticable for the future settlers in that district to compete with those of Port Phillip in the production of grain for exportation to Sydney, we are not sufficiently acquainted with the nature of the intervening ground – iniquitas loci – to determine."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From Twofold Bay the country rises gradually till we reach the level of the plains which are an elevated table land or terrace parallel to the coast, and affording a firm basis for the Snowy Mountains or Great Warragong"

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"fold Bay might not render it impracticable for the future settlers in that district to compete with those of Port Phillip in the production of grain for exportation to Sydney, we are not sufficiently acquainted with the nature of the intervening ground – iniquitas loci – to determine."

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]]> 150.8804891,-34.4846129 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From Twofold Bay the country rises gradually till we reach the level of the plains which are an elevated table land or terrace parallel to the coast, and affording a firm basis for the Snowy Mountains or Great Warragong"

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]]> 117.6160396,-35.109217 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At all events it is undeniable that in the district of Maneira, extending from the present limits of the colony to Twofold Bay and Cape Howe, there is a larger extent of available land, whether for pasture or for agriculture than in the whole island of Van Diemen's Land."

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]]> -76.085227,40.1017643 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip is an inlet of the sea in Bass' Straits stretching about thirty-five miles into the continent of New Holland."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip is an inlet of the sea in Bass' Straits stretching about thirty-five miles into the continent of New Holland."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"One would have supposed that in forming a settlement in such a locality as Port Phillip, the shores of the exten-"

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]]> 149.9276991,-37.0843679 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At all events it is undeniable that in the district of Maneira, extending from the present limits of the colony to Twofold Bay and Cape Howe, there is a larger extent of available land, whether for pasture or for agriculture than in the whole island of Van Diemen's Land."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"dent that all this was done, to some purpose too, at Port Phillip for, as if to impress the black natives with a high idea of British discernment and perseverance, the royal standard was hoisted and the settlement formed on the only piece of sterile land within the heads."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip has been taken possession of within the last eighteen months by a whole com-"

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"and enable the Government to land at Port Phillip no fewer than twenty-five thousand families of virtuous and industrious Emigrants."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Upwards of 30, 000 sheep, all imported from Van Diemen's Land, are now cropping the luxuriant vegetation of its natural pastures; and eight or ten vessels have been regularly employed for some time past in trading to and fro from Port Phillip to Van Diemen's Land, chiefly in carrying sheep and cattle to the new settlements."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The European population of Port Phillip al-"

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Why, it has already been ascertained that there are at least upwards of three millions of acres of available land, generally equal to the best in Van Diemen's Land, at Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The vanguard of our colonial settlers in that direction have already advanced a hundred and ninety miles towards Port Phillip beyond the settlement of Yass, and the remaining distance to Port Phillip is not more than about two hundred and ninety miles."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"lonization of Port Phillip has supplied a wonder-"

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The vanguard of our colonial settlers in that direction have already advanced a hundred and ninety miles towards Port Phillip beyond the settlement of Yass, and the remaining distance to Port Phillip is not more than about two hundred and ninety miles."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The people at Port Phillip want protection; they want a Govern-"

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]]> 148.9083038,-34.8277755 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The vanguard of our colonial settlers in that direction have already advanced a hundred and ninety miles towards Port Phillip beyond the settlement of Yass, and the remaining distance to Port Phillip is not more than about two hundred and ninety miles."

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]]> 78.96288,20.593684 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Stirlingshire, from India, arrived during the week, is, we believe, the first ship direct to this port from that part of the globe."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We subjoin the following letter on Port Phillip from a gentleman who has recently visited that part of the territory."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"MURDER AT PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 138.6007456,-34.9284989 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—By the arrival of the Adelaide, we have confirmed the melancholy intelligence of the murder of Mr. Franks, and his shepherd, by the natives at Port Phillip."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"lecting in the interior with the view to their being driven over-land to Port Phillip, as soon as the weather gets a little milder, and we hope ere long to hear of a good road and a steam-coach all the way."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Same day, the brigs Alice and William from Sydney."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Launceston Advertiser."

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]]> 137.6866164,-35.7462761 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Yesterday morning, at five o'clock, the South Australian Company's ship, John Pirie, was towed down the river, bound for Nepean Bay, Kangaroo Island."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—By the arrival of the Adelaide, we have confirmed the melancholy intelligence of the murder of Mr. Franks, and his shepherd, by the natives at Port Phillip."

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]]> 137.2142417,-35.7752426 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Yesterday morning, at five o'clock, the South Australian Company's ship, John Pirie, was towed down the river, bound for Nepean Bay, Kangaroo Island."

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]]> 115.66283,-2.2179704 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Arrived, on Wednesday, the brig Stirlingshire, Captain Soolley, from the East Indies."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The first on the list is John Bateman, the locum tenens of the Lieutenant Governor; the second is Mr. Gellibrand, an eminent solicitor in Hobart Town; the third Mr. Swanston, a half-pay officer; Mr. Robertson, a shopkeeper in Hobart Town; Mr. Connolly, a merchant in Launceston; Mr. Wedge, a government land surveyor; Mr. Cotterel, late a chief constable; Mr. Solomon, a merchant in Launceston."

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]]> 151.3314543,-33.50560410000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"John Brown, Esq. , commissioner of emigrations, and Samuel Stephens, Esq. , the company's colonial manager, accompanied by a party of gentlemen, boarded the vessel off Blackwall, and spent about a quarter of an hour in inspecting her, and conversing with the emigrants."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 2."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"TO THE EDITOR OF THE SYDNEY GAZETTE."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The first on the list is John Bateman, the locum tenens of the Lieutenant Governor; the second is Mr. Gellibrand, an eminent solicitor in Hobart Town; the third Mr. Swanston, a half-pay officer; Mr. Robertson, a shopkeeper in Hobart Town; Mr. Connolly, a merchant in Launceston; Mr. Wedge, a government land surveyor; Mr. Cotterel, late a chief constable; Mr. Solomon, a merchant in Launceston."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"TO THE EDITOR OF THE SYDNEY GAZETTE."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Collicott, postmaster in Hobart Town, Mr. Sams, sub-sheriff at Launceston; Mr. Bannister, late sheriff of Van Dieman's Land; and Mr. Henry Arthur, late collector of customs at Launceston, and nephew to the Lieutenant Governor."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Collicott, postmaster in Hobart Town, Mr. Sams, sub-sheriff at Launceston; Mr. Bannister, late sheriff of Van Dieman's Land; and Mr. Henry Arthur, late collector of customs at Launceston, and nephew to the Lieutenant Governor."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Collicott, postmaster in Hobart Town, Mr. Sams, sub-sheriff at Launceston; Mr. Bannister, late sheriff of Van Dieman's Land; and Mr. Henry Arthur, late collector of customs at Launceston, and nephew to the Lieutenant Governor."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"They have pretended to purchase from the naked ignorant, roaming savages of this country, both sides of the land around Port Phillip to an amount of acres with which they are really unacquainted, but to which they have prescribed, amongst themselves, certain limits; while, on further consideration, it was judged advisable to take in 200, 000 acres more, to divide into four shares, for the purpose of tendering them to certain influential persons who would advocate their claims with the home Government."

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]]> 130.8444446,-12.4637333 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Such is the certainty on which they calculate of obtaining through the recommendation of Colonel Arthur, a cession of this usurped territory from the Crown, that Mr. Gellibrand, whom the world never accused of being guilty of any act of folly, on a recent visit by him and Mr. Robertson to their assumed estates, offered the latter four hundred pounds for his share of the spoil, which he accepted, but on seeing the quality of the soil, relented, and seemed quite dejected, on which the blacks enquired the cause, and by way of consoling him for making a bad bargain, gave him a tract of country, amounting to about one hundred thousand acres, on the banks of the Darwin, a river which flows into the sea to the westward, in a parallel line with Port Phillip."

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]]> 19.503304,47.162494 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When Prince Esterhazy was Ambassador from the Court of Vienna to that of St. James, he was asked what number of sheep he had on his numerous estates in Hungary and Moravia, he replied that he could not tell, but he thought he could guess at the number of his shepherds; this will be the case with Mr. Gellibrand, and it is owing to this circumstance that the Editor of The Tasmanian calls it Mr. Gellibrand's colony, which, he says, he has procured, like Penn, by—solemn treaty, from the natives."

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]]> 16.3713095,48.20806959999999 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When Prince Esterhazy was Ambassador from the Court of Vienna to that of St. James, he was asked what number of sheep he had on his numerous estates in Hungary and Moravia, he replied that he could not tell, but he thought he could guess at the number of his shepherds; this will be the case with Mr. Gellibrand, and it is owing to this circumstance that the Editor of The Tasmanian calls it Mr. Gellibrand's colony, which, he says, he has procured, like Penn, by—solemn treaty, from the natives."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Such is the certainty on which they calculate of obtaining through the recommendation of Colonel Arthur, a cession of this usurped territory from the Crown, that Mr. Gellibrand, whom the world never accused of being guilty of any act of folly, on a recent visit by him and Mr. Robertson to their assumed estates, offered the latter four hundred pounds for his share of the spoil, which he accepted, but on seeing the quality of the soil, relented, and seemed quite dejected, on which the blacks enquired the cause, and by way of consoling him for making a bad bargain, gave him a tract of country, amounting to about one hundred thousand acres, on the banks of the Darwin, a river which flows into the sea to the westward, in a parallel line with Port Phillip."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip is situated in lat."

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]]> 145.7578403,-34.6513496 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Let the principle be once admitted, that a roaming savage can convey a title to land, and we shall soon have enough of it; for a pair of scissors, or a knife all the country between the Morumbidgee and the sea could be procured!"

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]]> 16.6067304,49.1950982 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When Prince Esterhazy was Ambassador from the Court of Vienna to that of St. James, he was asked what number of sheep he had on his numerous estates in Hungary and Moravia, he replied that he could not tell, but he thought he could guess at the number of his shepherds; this will be the case with Mr. Gellibrand, and it is owing to this circumstance that the Editor of The Tasmanian calls it Mr. Gellibrand's colony, which, he says, he has procured, like Penn, by—solemn treaty, from the natives."

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]]> 115.8555587,-31.9539783 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip is situated in lat."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Who would not then become a purchaser, and the descendants of the black that was hung at Hobart Town some time ago for murder, might unsettle all the property in and about that place, not even excepting that of Mr. Gellibrand and that of the sapient Editor of the Tasmanian himself."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"That this is the case at present in that devoted country, nobody at all acquainted with it, will attempt to deny, and that he must from the nature of things, be soon removed is equally certain; it would not be convenient for him, to meet either Colonel Bradley or Mr. Bryan in England, the former he persecuted in Honduras, the latter, (and his friends) in his present government, so that he has the comfort and consolation of reflecting, that he would rather turn his steps in any other direction than towards his native country; it might be very desirable for him to form a new government, on that part of Australia, which lies between the confines of New South Wales and the territory of the New Company at Spencer's Gulph, bounded by the Morumbidgee on the north and the sea on the south; with this view (as it is supposed)"

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]]> 145.182017,-37.96386 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"36 east, being about 194 nautical miles in a N. W. direction from the Light-house at the heads of the Tamar in Van Dieman's Land and such is the avidity for squatting there that four ships are employed in transporting sheep thither, about 15, 000 are already there and stock stations have been established seventy miles from the harbour on the river, Exe, a large fresh water stream that flows into it from the westward."

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"That this is the case at present in that devoted country, nobody at all acquainted with it, will attempt to deny, and that he must from the nature of things, be soon removed is equally certain; it would not be convenient for him, to meet either Colonel Bradley or Mr. Bryan in England, the former he persecuted in Honduras, the latter, (and his friends) in his present government, so that he has the comfort and consolation of reflecting, that he would rather turn his steps in any other direction than towards his native country; it might be very desirable for him to form a new government, on that part of Australia, which lies between the confines of New South Wales and the territory of the New Company at Spencer's Gulph, bounded by the Morumbidgee on the north and the sea on the south; with this view (as it is supposed)"

TLCMap

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]]> -86.241905,15.199999 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"That this is the case at present in that devoted country, nobody at all acquainted with it, will attempt to deny, and that he must from the nature of things, be soon removed is equally certain; it would not be convenient for him, to meet either Colonel Bradley or Mr. Bryan in England, the former he persecuted in Honduras, the latter, (and his friends) in his present government, so that he has the comfort and consolation of reflecting, that he would rather turn his steps in any other direction than towards his native country; it might be very desirable for him to form a new government, on that part of Australia, which lies between the confines of New South Wales and the territory of the New Company at Spencer's Gulph, bounded by the Morumbidgee on the north and the sea on the south; with this view (as it is supposed)"

TLCMap

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"That this is the case at present in that devoted country, nobody at all acquainted with it, will attempt to deny, and that he must from the nature of things, be soon removed is equally certain; it would not be convenient for him, to meet either Colonel Bradley or Mr. Bryan in England, the former he persecuted in Honduras, the latter, (and his friends) in his present government, so that he has the comfort and consolation of reflecting, that he would rather turn his steps in any other direction than towards his native country; it might be very desirable for him to form a new government, on that part of Australia, which lies between the confines of New South Wales and the territory of the New Company at Spencer's Gulph, bounded by the Morumbidgee on the north and the sea on the south; with this view (as it is supposed)"

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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]]> 145.3491041,-42.651956 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"he chartered the sloop Rebecca, and sent a confidential officer to survey Port Phillip and all the intermediate coast to Endeavour Bay, where the Morumbidgee disembogues itself into the sea, and as a further confirmation of this assumption, he has given hints through the Government Officials, to the old settlers in Van Dieman's Land who got grants of land gratis; and even grants in extension, to send petitions to the home government for grants of land for their sons which he has recommended should be given in South Australia; he would then have his old friends about him, and be establishing a precedent to provide for the numerous families of himself and his brother."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"he chartered the sloop Rebecca, and sent a confidential officer to survey Port Phillip and all the intermediate coast to Endeavour Bay, where the Morumbidgee disembogues itself into the sea, and as a further confirmation of this assumption, he has given hints through the Government Officials, to the old settlers in Van Dieman's Land who got grants of land gratis; and even grants in extension, to send petitions to the home government for grants of land for their sons which he has recommended should be given in South Australia; he would then have his old friends about him, and be establishing a precedent to provide for the numerous families of himself and his brother."

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]]> 145.7578403,-34.6513496 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"That this is the case at present in that devoted country, nobody at all acquainted with it, will attempt to deny, and that he must from the nature of things, be soon removed is equally certain; it would not be convenient for him, to meet either Colonel Bradley or Mr. Bryan in England, the former he persecuted in Honduras, the latter, (and his friends) in his present government, so that he has the comfort and consolation of reflecting, that he would rather turn his steps in any other direction than towards his native country; it might be very desirable for him to form a new government, on that part of Australia, which lies between the confines of New South Wales and the territory of the New Company at Spencer's Gulph, bounded by the Morumbidgee on the north and the sea on the south; with this view (as it is supposed)"

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We learn that a party of settlers assisted by the Sydney natives connected with Mr. Batman's establishment, and a few domesticated natives of the Settlement, started in quest of the murderers, whom they were fortunate enough to fall in with, at no great distance from where the bloody deeds were perpetrated."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 148.4362187,-26.0606762 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WE inserted in our last number an Extract from the Cornwall Chronicle, relative to the murder of Mr. Franks and his shepherd in the vicinity of Port Phillip, and the proceedings afterwards adopted; it seems that some of the settlers at that port, accompanied by some Sydney natives, and some partially domesticated amongst them, pursued the hostile tribe, came up with them, and succeeded in exterminating them; "that tribe is in fact, now "swept from the face of the earth. ""

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The "annihilation" of the whole body of Port Phillip natives, in our opinion, would afford an insufficient revenge for the murder of such a man."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WE inserted in our last number an Extract from the Cornwall Chronicle, relative to the murder of Mr. Franks and his shepherd in the vicinity of Port Phillip, and the proceedings afterwards adopted; it seems that some of the settlers at that port, accompanied by some Sydney natives, and some partially domesticated amongst them, pursued the hostile tribe, came up with them, and succeeded in exterminating them; "that tribe is in fact, now "swept from the face of the earth. ""

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We learn that a party of the settlers, assisted by the Sydney natives, connected with Mr. Batman's establishment, and a few domesticated natives of the Settlement, started in quest of the murderers, whom they were fortunate enough to fall in with, at no great distance from where the bloody deeds were per­petrated—many of them were clothed in the articles of dress they had plundered from their victims."

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]]> 148.4362187,-26.0606762 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Yet tribes enough might have been found to prove their more amiable character to the satisfaction of such persons as the writer of the Cornwall Chronicle, by joining in the pursuit; what tribe is there which has not its enemies in some other?"

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WE inserted in our last number an Extract from the Cornwall Chronicle, relative to the murder of Mr. Franks and his shepherd in the vicinity of Port Phillip, and the proceedings afterwards adopted; it seems that some of the settlers at that port, accompanied by some Sydney natives, and some partially domesticated amongst them, pursued the hostile tribe, came up with them, and succeeded in exterminating them; "that tribe is in fact, now "swept from the face of the earth. ""

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]]> 174.885971,-40.900557 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We do not, of course, recommend that a plan shall be adopted which will come upon this Colony for the expenses; it is bad enough to be taxed for the support of a Resident at New Zealand, though there is the shadow of a pretext for the imposition in this case, in the fact of the trade between the two places; this however cannot be alleged of Port Phillip; we can no more be called upon to pay in this case than for the Emperor of Morocco."

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]]> -7.092619999999999,31.791702 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We do not, of course, recommend that a plan shall be adopted which will come upon this Colony for the expenses; it is bad enough to be taxed for the support of a Resident at New Zealand, though there is the shadow of a pretext for the imposition in this case, in the fact of the trade between the two places; this however cannot be alleged of Port Phillip; we can no more be called upon to pay in this case than for the Emperor of Morocco."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Our readers must have read the article in question with no greater satisfaction at the result thus indicated, than admiration at its tone and sentiments; to write lightly of the extermination of a tribe, is a proof of any thing but philanthropy or benevolence — qualities, which should be feigned, if they are not felt, by all public writers; to have added that "the annihilation of the whole body of Port Phillip natives would afford an insufficient revenge for the murder of Mr. Franks, " sums up the character of the writer as a man incapable of reflection, and deaf both to reason and justice."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip, we are told, is a most desirable sheep country; and if so, we think it but common prudence in those emigrant Colonists who, in this part of the Colony are out-bid and cheated by the vile "land-sharks, " to turn their attention to a quarter where no such practices (can as yet, at least) interfere with their interests; and where with patience and tolerable perseverance, they cannot fail of securing that for which alone every honest man leaves his native country—an independance."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—By reference to the Government Gazette, it will be seen that troops, a Commissariat establishment—in fact, that a regularly organized establishment is about to be formed at Port Phillip."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The brig Stirlingshire has been taken up by the Government for the conveyance of troops to Port Phillip."

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]]> 153.3105429,-24.9614344 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It appears that on the Sunday after the departure of the Stirling Castle from this port, she struck on a reef, supposed to be about an hundred miles from the main, the force of the current being such as to stave her in in two places."

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]]> 152.4747943761859,-30.87689263798816 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There were then only the cook and the narrator to pursue the journey—the former of whom died through intense fatigue only about fifteen miles from the McLeay River, where Hodge arrived alone, and from whence he obtained a passage to Sydney in the Aquilla schooner."

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]]> -97.2180635,31.8515484 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—We stated in our last that one of the seamen belonging to this unfortunate vessel had arrived in the Aquilla from McLeay River; we then had not time, however, to make any inquiry respecting the circumstances attending the loss of the vessel."

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]]> 153.3105429,-24.9614344 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Stirling Castle."

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]]> 152.9205918,-27.0946084 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the arrival of the Revenue Cutter on Saturday, Mr. Hexton, a pilot at Moreton Bay, came up to Sydney, from whom some information has been received of the long boat, in which was Captain Fraser, Mrs. Fraser, and the remainder of the crew of the vessel."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There were then only the cook and the narrator to pursue the journey—the former of whom died through intense fatigue only about fifteen miles from the McLeay River, where Hodge arrived alone, and from whence he obtained a passage to Sydney in the Aquilla schooner."

TLCMap

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]]> -97.2180635,31.8515484 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There were then only the cook and the narrator to pursue the journey—the former of whom died through intense fatigue only about fifteen miles from the McLeay River, where Hodge arrived alone, and from whence he obtained a passage to Sydney in the Aquilla schooner."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the arrival of the Revenue Cutter on Saturday, Mr. Hexton, a pilot at Moreton Bay, came up to Sydney, from whom some information has been received of the long boat, in which was Captain Fraser, Mrs. Fraser, and the remainder of the crew of the vessel."

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]]> 151.2084553,-33.839367 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The barque Bolina, Captain Ewing, arrived from London and Launceston, on Sunday; she sailed from London, the 2d April, and from Launceston the 6th instant."

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]]> 144.2722075,-38.1708586 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Aquilla has proceeded to the wreck of the Ceres, to bring up as much of the machinery of the vessel as may appear to be not entirely destroyed."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The barque Bolina, Captain Ewing, arrived from London and Launceston, on Sunday; she sailed from London, the 2d April, and from Launceston the 6th instant."

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]]> 151.2084553,-33.839367 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The barque Bolina, Captain Ewing, arrived from London and Launceston, on Sunday; she sailed from London, the 2d April, and from Launceston the 6th instant."

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]]> 152.9205918,-27.0946084 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Commandant at Moreton Bay immediately despatched a couple of boats to their rescue."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The brig Stirlingshire has hauled to the Dock-yard Wharf; she has been taken up by Government to proceed to Port Phillip."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We also perceive by the papers that the Red Rover, from London, and the Francis Freeling from this port, had arrived at Hobart Town."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By her we learn the arrival at the latter port of the Amelia Thompson, from London, with female emigrants."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The barque Bolina, Captain Ewing, arrived from London and Launceston, on Sunday; she sailed from London, the 2d April, and from Launceston the 6th instant."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We also perceive by the papers that the Red Rover, from London, and the Francis Freeling from this port, had arrived at Hobart Town."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Esperanza has been entered outwards for King George's Sound, and the Mauritius."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Alice, bound for Hobart Town, returned to port on Sunday, in consequence of adverse winds."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The ship Vestal has been laid on for London, and will follow the William Harris."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"His Majesty's ship Victor sails to-day for the Eastern Isles; the Siren, for Hobart Town, and the Arab, for the Mauritius, will sail to-morrow; the William Harris, for London, on the 20th instant."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Camilla, Marshall, has cleared at the Customs for Hobart Town (from Newcastle)."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"His Majesty's ship Victor sails to-day for the Eastern Isles; the Siren, for Hobart Town, and the Arab, for the Mauritius, will sail to-morrow; the William Harris, for London, on the 20th instant."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"His Majesty's ship Victor sails to-day for the Eastern Isles; the Siren, for Hobart Town, and the Arab, for the Mauritius, will sail to-morrow; the William Harris, for London, on the 20th instant."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the latest Hobart Town papers, the Avoca, the Goshawk and the Medora were advertising for freight and passage to Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the latest Hobart Town papers, the Avoca, the Goshawk and the Medora were advertising for freight and passage to Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The brig Henry was laid on for Port Phillip and Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Guiana has been chartered at Launceston for London, and has proceeded to Portland Bay for oil."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Guiana has been chartered at Launceston for London, and has proceeded to Portland Bay for oil."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Guiana has been chartered at Launceston for London, and has proceeded to Portland Bay for oil."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The brig Henry was laid on for Port Phillip and Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 3."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Guiana has been chartered at Launceston for London, and has proceeded to Portland Bay for oil."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A worthless paper, published at Launceston, called The Cornwall Chronicle had even the temerity to applaud the perpetrators of the bloody outrage, and to record it as the enlightened Editor's opinion that the loss of the settler's life could not be atoned for even by the annihilation of the whole race of aborigines yet seen at Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A worthless paper, published at Launceston, called The Cornwall Chronicle had even the temerity to applaud the perpetrators of the bloody outrage, and to record it as the enlightened Editor's opinion that the loss of the settler's life could not be atoned for even by the annihilation of the whole race of aborigines yet seen at Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A total extermination of the native inhabitants was the line of policy adopted and adhered to, by the early settlers of Van Dieman's Land, and it is a course which the Port Phillip Tasmanian settlers have shown themselves, but too ready to imitate in their recent utter extermination of a whole tribe of aborigines, some of the members of which had provoked their vengeance by the murder of a settler and his shepherd."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A worthless paper, published at Launceston, called The Cornwall Chronicle had even the temerity to applaud the perpetrators of the bloody outrage, and to record it as the enlightened Editor's opinion that the loss of the settler's life could not be atoned for even by the annihilation of the whole race of aborigines yet seen at Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It will scarcely be supposed in enlightened Europe, that a massacre, such as this, could at this time of day, have met with anything but execration from any portion of the Press, but the contrary is the fact."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"His Majesty's Government having authorized the location of settlers on the vacant Crown Lands adjacent to the shores of Port Phillip, under the same regulations as are now in force, for the alienation of Crown Lands in other parts of New South Wales, and several persons having already passed over there from Van Dieman's Land his Excellency the Governor has been pleased to appoint Captain William Lonsdale, of the 4th or King's Own Regiment to be Police Magistrate for that district, of which all persons concerned are hereby required to take notice."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Colonial Secretary's Office, Sydney, New South Wales, September 9, 1836."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"His Majesty's Government having authorized the location of settlers on the vacant Crown Lands adjacent to the shores of Port Phillip, under the same regulations as are now in force, for the alienation of Crown Lands in other parts of New South Wales, and several persons having already passed over there from Van Dieman's Land his Excellency the Governor has been pleased to appoint Captain William Lonsdale, of the 4th or King's Own Regiment to be Police Magistrate for that district, of which all persons concerned are hereby required to take notice."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Colonial Secretary's Office, Sydney, New South Wales, September 9, 1836."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Arrangements are in progress for effecting the survey and measurement of such parts of the land near Port Phillip as it may be expedient to dispose of, in the first instance, but until the same have been completed, of which due notice will be given, no applications for purchase can be entertained."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the mean time, it is distinctly to be understood by those persons who may be desirous of resorting to Port Phillip from other parts of New South Wales, or from Van Dieman's Land, that no advantage will be obtained by the occupation of any land at that place, previously to its conveyance by a legal instrument from the Government of New South Wales, as without such title the land (unless required for public purposes) will be subject to be put up for competition at a public sale, and sold to the best bidder."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"TRADE IN ENGLAND."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the mean time, it is distinctly to be understood by those persons who may be desirous of resorting to Port Phillip from other parts of New South Wales, or from Van Dieman's Land, that no advantage will be obtained by the occupation of any land at that place, previously to its conveyance by a legal instrument from the Government of New South Wales, as without such title the land (unless required for public purposes) will be subject to be put up for competition at a public sale, and sold to the best bidder."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The brig Stirlingshire, Captain Scolley, has, we hear, been chartered by the Government to convey Captain Lonsdale, and a party of the 4th or King's Own Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant Faunce, to Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the mean time, it is distinctly to be understood by those persons who may be desirous of resorting to Port Phillip from other parts of New South Wales, or from Van Dieman's Land, that no advantage will be obtained by the occupation of any land at that place, previously to its conveyance by a legal instrument from the Government of New South Wales, as without such title the land (unless required for public purposes) will be subject to be put up for competition at a public sale, and sold to the best bidder."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Extract of a letter from a correspondent:—Trade generally, in England, never, in my opinion, stood upon so firm a basis as at the present moment, the Cotton Lords at Manchester, have such immense orders, and so steady a demand from all quarters of the globe, that London buyers, who used to rank so high with them, are now thought very much less of."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Extract of a letter from a correspondent:—Trade generally, in England, never, in my opinion, stood upon so firm a basis as at the present moment, the Cotton Lords at Manchester, have such immense orders, and so steady a demand from all quarters of the globe, that London buyers, who used to rank so high with them, are now thought very much less of."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"TO THE HONOURABLE JAMES SIMMS, ESQ. , HIS MAJESTY'S ATTORNEY-GENERAL, NEWFOUNDLAND."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Extract of a letter from a correspondent:—Trade generally, in England, never, in my opinion, stood upon so firm a basis as at the present moment, the Cotton Lords at Manchester, have such immense orders, and so steady a demand from all quarters of the globe, that London buyers, who used to rank so high with them, are now thought very much less of."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 7."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"TO THE HONOURABLE JAMES SIMMS, ESQ. , HIS MAJESTY'S ATTORNEY-GENERAL, NEWFOUNDLAND."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"MY DEAR SIR, --After a residence of nearly twenty-two years in Newfoundland, during nearly the whole of which time I am very proud of having had the honour of numbering you among my particular and intimate friends; I found the circumstances of the place so completely changed, in consequence of the unconstitutional assumption of political power by the Roman Catholic priesthood: and the arbitrary measures which they had adopted, to acquire and sustain an ascendancy in the Local Parliament of that colony, * that it appeared to be no longer a fit and proper place for me to bring up my large family in; unless I could reconcile myself to submit to the dictation of those gentlemen, and the faction by which they were seconded--their infernal outrage upon poor Winton, showed to what lengths they would go to punish any one who dared to cross their path; and was an awful warning to all, that half measures with them, would not do; that all who would not bow down and worship the idol which they had set up, must prepare to meet the vengeance of the inquisition which they had established."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The franchise is very extensive; the only qualification to vote at the election of Members for the Local Parliament being--a residence in the colony of one year, and keeping house during that time; a great majority of the labouring population of the districts of St. John's and Conception Bay are Irish Catholics, who submit implicitly to the dictation of their priests."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Henry Winton, the independent Editor of The Public Ledger, had, from the first election of a Local Parliament for Newfoundland, advocated the right of every one qualified to vote--giving his unbiassed suffrage to the candidate whom he deemed best qualified to promote the welfare of the colony."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As this letter is intended for the information of my friends in other parts of the world, as well as in Newfoundland, it will be right to explain, by notes, some circumstances which, although well-known to you, they are probably ignorant of."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For some years previous, I had corresponded with the New England States and Canada, with a view to sending my family there, when I should have realized a sufficient sum to support them."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Winton, as the champion of truth and constitutional freedom, was their champion; and the consequence was, that four disguised ruffians attacked him on the high road, about half-way between Carbonear and Harbor Grace (there is a distance only of two miles between those towns) , and cut off his ears ! ! !"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For some years previous, I had corresponded with the New England States and Canada, with a view to sending my family there, when I should have realized a sufficient sum to support them."

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]]> -53.2356788,47.72726 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Winton, as the champion of truth and constitutional freedom, was their champion; and the consequence was, that four disguised ruffians attacked him on the high road, about half-way between Carbonear and Harbor Grace (there is a distance only of two miles between those towns) , and cut off his ears ! ! !"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At the time of my leaving Newfoundland, however, circumstances had occurred in those countries, to make it very problematical whether I should better the condition of my family by going there, or not; my object was peace and a settled good government—where all might sit under their own vine and their own fig-tree, none daring to make them afraid."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the New England States (where you know I have many good friends) , the differences which have latterly arisen on the subjects of—Masonry—Slavery—and Popery; and the spirit of the opposing parties, which had been manifested by—Riots—Burnings—Murders—and a setting of the constituted authorities at defiance."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In Canada, the contentions between the French and British parties appeared very likely to lead to anarchy and bloodshed; and if the French party should prevail, to a separation from the British Government."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the New England States (where you know I have many good friends) , the differences which have latterly arisen on the subjects of—Masonry—Slavery—and Popery; and the spirit of the opposing parties, which had been manifested by—Riots—Burnings—Murders—and a setting of the constituted authorities at defiance."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At this time I met with two gentlemen who had many relatives in Van Diemen's Land, from whom I obtained information which induced me to think that the most desirable country to remove to (especially when I remembered that Mr. Forbes presided as Chief Judge in New South Wales, who, I felt persuaded, would give correct information and advice to any of his old Newfoundland friends) , and, as you know, I sailed in the Abeona schooner, on the 9th Oct. last, with my wife and eleven children, leaving Edward, my second son, behind, to close finally my Newfoundland concerns, it being impossible that I could do so myself without considerable delay and loss of time, which would have obliged me to be present at the crisis I dreaded—when the ensuing elections should take place."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At this time I met with two gentlemen who had many relatives in Van Diemen's Land, from whom I obtained information which induced me to think that the most desirable country to remove to (especially when I remembered that Mr. Forbes presided as Chief Judge in New South Wales, who, I felt persuaded, would give correct information and advice to any of his old Newfoundland friends) , and, as you know, I sailed in the Abeona schooner, on the 9th Oct. last, with my wife and eleven children, leaving Edward, my second son, behind, to close finally my Newfoundland concerns, it being impossible that I could do so myself without considerable delay and loss of time, which would have obliged me to be present at the crisis I dreaded—when the ensuing elections should take place."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At this time I met with two gentlemen who had many relatives in Van Diemen's Land, from whom I obtained information which induced me to think that the most desirable country to remove to (especially when I remembered that Mr. Forbes presided as Chief Judge in New South Wales, who, I felt persuaded, would give correct information and advice to any of his old Newfoundland friends) , and, as you know, I sailed in the Abeona schooner, on the 9th Oct. last, with my wife and eleven children, leaving Edward, my second son, behind, to close finally my Newfoundland concerns, it being impossible that I could do so myself without considerable delay and loss of time, which would have obliged me to be present at the crisis I dreaded—when the ensuing elections should take place."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We had a most delightful passage to Pernambuco"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We departed from Pernambuco on the 9th December, and steered for the Cape of Good Hope; the weather continued delightfully fine until our arrival at the entrance of Table Bay, when we encountered one of those heavy south-east gales to which the Cape is so very subject, which obliged us to run out to sea again; but the following day we had fine weather and came in to anchorage—here I knew no one; but, nevertheless, I experienced much kindness and obtained very valuable information, such indeed as to correct some very erroneous ideas which I had entertained of the colonies of Van Diemen's Land and New South Wales; and to create strong doubts whether the steps which I had taken of steering towards them might not ultimately prove my ruin."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We departed from Pernambuco on the 9th December, and steered for the Cape of Good Hope; the weather continued delightfully fine until our arrival at the entrance of Table Bay, when we encountered one of those heavy south-east gales to which the Cape is so very subject, which obliged us to run out to sea again; but the following day we had fine weather and came in to anchorage—here I knew no one; but, nevertheless, I experienced much kindness and obtained very valuable information, such indeed as to correct some very erroneous ideas which I had entertained of the colonies of Van Diemen's Land and New South Wales; and to create strong doubts whether the steps which I had taken of steering towards them might not ultimately prove my ruin."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I was, therefore, very glad to find that the ballast of salt on board the Abeona would sell well, and that a full freight of wine, &c. , for Hobart Town and Sydney could be readily obtained, though at a lower rate in consequence of the Egyptian (Vallance's Barque) being on, as a general ship for those ports, and still wanting 100 tons to fill up, was taking freight at 50s."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"You must, my dear Sir, witness it yourself to judge correctly of the sudden fury with which gusts of wind come down from the Table Mountain."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I was, therefore, very glad to find that the ballast of salt on board the Abeona would sell well, and that a full freight of wine, &c. , for Hobart Town and Sydney could be readily obtained, though at a lower rate in consequence of the Egyptian (Vallance's Barque) being on, as a general ship for those ports, and still wanting 100 tons to fill up, was taking freight at 50s."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About eight o'clock at night the Table Mountain was enveloped in a cloud, and the wind poured down from it in great fury; we dropped the second bower anchor, and flattered ourselves that we should ride it out in safety."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We accordingly hired a boat and went ashore, where we lived about a month; during this time I was anxiously employed in obtaining accurate information respecting Van Diemen's Land and Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""This, " said I, "is no place for me, better return to Newfoundland, and *"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the introduction of the gentleman who transacted my business at the Cape, I had access at the Commercial Rooms to the papers of those colonies; and it is impossible for me to describe to you the feelings I experienced on reading the accounts of the state of society there; the Government, arbitrary*—convicts employed as constables—the free emigrants condemned, and subject to every species of insult and mortification—the police reports in every newspaper exceeding the London reports of crimes and misdemeanours—and, above all, Trial by a Jury of seven Military Officers."

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]]> 18.4231418,-33.922087 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the introduction of the gentleman who transacted my business at the Cape, I had access at the Commercial Rooms to the papers of those colonies; and it is impossible for me to describe to you the feelings I experienced on reading the accounts of the state of society there; the Government, arbitrary*—convicts employed as constables—the free emigrants condemned, and subject to every species of insult and mortification—the police reports in every newspaper exceeding the London reports of crimes and misdemeanours—and, above all, Trial by a Jury of seven Military Officers."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About this time the brig Sir Charles M'Carthy, Captain Walker, arrived from Sydney, having touched at King George's Sound, and bringing from thence a Mr. Lidden, as passenger, who had lived there with Sir Richard Spencer from the time of his going out to settle (upwards of three years)."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the populous districts near the Cape the inhabitants spoke only Dutch, and I am too old to learn a new language."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I got introduced to those gentlemen, and stated to them my views, and the difficulties I had met with; both advised me by all means to call at the Sound, see it, and judge for myself, giving it as their opinion, that I should find it more suitable for a residence than either the Cape, Van Dieman's Land, or Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I got introduced to those gentlemen, and stated to them my views, and the difficulties I had met with; both advised me by all means to call at the Sound, see it, and judge for myself, giving it as their opinion, that I should find it more suitable for a residence than either the Cape, Van Dieman's Land, or Sydney."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The province of Albany, on the frontier of Caffreland, contained a British population, and here I thought a desirable resting place might be found; there was no difficulty in obtaining land upon very low terms, and the same easy mode of payment."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In consequence of these communications I determined to call at King George's Sound, and arrived there on the 13th April; we anchored off the settlement or town of Albany, situated on the north side of Princess Royal Harbour, and were immediately visited by the acting Harbour Master, Mr. Morley, and some gentlemen residents there, who all treated us with the utmost kindness and attention."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Lidden declared his object in going to England to be to make arrangements for bringing out twenty or thirty respectable families, who had placed implicit confidence in his judgment, and would not hesitate a moment to adopt his opinion."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In consequence of these communications I determined to call at King George's Sound, and arrived there on the 13th April; we anchored off the settlement or town of Albany, situated on the north side of Princess Royal Harbour, and were immediately visited by the acting Harbour Master, Mr. Morley, and some gentlemen residents there, who all treated us with the utmost kindness and attention."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The entrance of King George's Sound is situated in longitude 118° 0' 45" east, latitude 35° 6' 15" south, the westernmost point of which is very remarkable, being a round bare rock, and is called Baldhead."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About three miles off which is a large rock or island, called Eclipse; between Eclipse Island and Baldhead there is a ledge of sunken rocks, but they always break, and are easily discerned; the shore is bold, in coming into the Sound a ship might run within a cable's length of Baldhead."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the Sound there are two harbours--Princess Royal Harbour is six and a-half miles west by north from Baldhead, and"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About three miles off which is a large rock or island, called Eclipse; between Eclipse Island and Baldhead there is a ledge of sunken rocks, but they always break, and are easily discerned; the shore is bold, in coming into the Sound a ship might run within a cable's length of Baldhead."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Oyster Harbour, three miles north by east from Princess Royal Harbour; in the Sound there are three large islands;* the depth of water at the entrance of Princess Royal Harbour is about twenty feet at low water--of Oyster Harbour about twelve feet, but the channel for entering the latter is very narrow."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About three miles off which is a large rock or island, called Eclipse; between Eclipse Island and Baldhead there is a ledge of sunken rocks, but they always break, and are easily discerned; the shore is bold, in coming into the Sound a ship might run within a cable's length of Baldhead."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Princess Royal Harbour presents a noble sheet of water, about ten miles in circumference, and is completely sheltered from every wind; the anchorage, very good; water shoal, say four to six fathoms."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Oyster Harbour, three miles north by east from Princess Royal Harbour; in the Sound there are three large islands;* the depth of water at the entrance of Princess Royal Harbour is about twenty feet at low water--of Oyster Harbour about twelve feet, but the channel for entering the latter is very narrow."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Oyster Harbour, three miles north by east from Princess Royal Harbour; in the Sound there are three large islands;* the depth of water at the entrance of Princess Royal Harbour is about twenty feet at low water--of Oyster Harbour about twelve feet, but the channel for entering the latter is very narrow."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Looking at this noble harbour, and considering that the sea in its immediate vicinity abounds with a great variety of fine fish and whales, that the islands in the neighbourhood are frequented by numbers of seals, as well the fur seal as the hair, and the importance of its geographical position for commerce, I was utterly astonished to find the people (with two or three exceptions) spending their time in idleness--literally doing nothing, praying for settlers to come from England, from India, or from any where else."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The site selected for the town of Albany I consider to be well chosen, and the plan may be very good; it forms a semicircle or crescent; the main streets are sixty-six feet wide, intersected by cross streets of 100 feet; indeed, the town looks very pretty and respectable upon paper; there are about twenty houses built, and the population amounts to nearly 200."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Oyster Harbour, three miles north by east from Princess Royal Harbour; in the Sound there are three large islands;* the depth of water at the entrance of Princess Royal Harbour is about twenty feet at low water--of Oyster Harbour about twelve feet, but the channel for entering the latter is very narrow."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Looking at this noble harbour, and considering that the sea in its immediate vicinity abounds with a great variety of fine fish and whales, that the islands in the neighbourhood are frequented by numbers of seals, as well the fur seal as the hair, and the importance of its geographical position for commerce, I was utterly astonished to find the people (with two or three exceptions) spending their time in idleness--literally doing nothing, praying for settlers to come from England, from India, or from any where else."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"‡ A road has been commenced from Swan River to Albany, which will run through the land granted to the settlers; it is expected to be completed by the month of October next, when Sir James Stirling, the Governor, will traverse it to visit the Sound; the distance is about 280 miles."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To my enquiries respecting the capabilities of the soil, I was answered that on the sea coast, and so far inland as thirty miles, it was a poor sandy soil, not worth the expense of cultivation, but that beyond thirty miles towards Swan River and the district of York, was a large tract of pasture land, capable of sustaining immense flocks of sheep and herds of cattle, without any expense of cultivation."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To my enquiries respecting the capabilities of the soil, I was answered that on the sea coast, and so far inland as thirty miles, it was a poor sandy soil, not worth the expense of cultivation, but that beyond thirty miles towards Swan River and the district of York, was a large tract of pasture land, capable of sustaining immense flocks of sheep and herds of cattle, without any expense of cultivation."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"* There is good anchorage in the Sound--the worst part of it is preferable to Table Bay."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"So well satisfied was I of the capabilities of the soil, and of the eligibility of the Sound for commerce, that I determined upon remaining at Albany with my family, sending on my schooner to Sydney with her outward cargo, and giving the master orders to return to the Sound, as quick as possible, with a cargo of sheep and cattle, and implements of husbandry."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"‡ A road has been commenced from Swan River to Albany, which will run through the land granted to the settlers; it is expected to be completed by the month of October next, when Sir James Stirling, the Governor, will traverse it to visit the Sound; the distance is about 280 miles."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"So well satisfied was I of the capabilities of the soil, and of the eligibility of the Sound for commerce, that I determined upon remaining at Albany with my family, sending on my schooner to Sydney with her outward cargo, and giving the master orders to return to the Sound, as quick as possible, with a cargo of sheep and cattle, and implements of husbandry."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"per pound, once a fortnight as a great favour; by the way I have learnt a new trade—to be cook to make a kettle of excellent soup for a dozen persons out of three or four pounds of kangaroo, an art not to be despised, I assure you, in Albany, at present."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When speaking of the expense of clearing and bringing the wood-land into a state for cultivation, I ought not to have over-looked the probability of this expense being re-imbursed ere long by the sale of the timber, for whenever the town of Albany shall become populous and a place of trade, the timber will be all wanted for building and for firewood."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the course of my enquiries at the Cape of Good Hope respecting the Australian colonies, I was informed that a fine tract of country had been discovered in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip, near the entrance of Bass' Straits, and within the limits of the New South Wales Government; that a number of wealthy individuals had gone over from Van Dieman's Land to Port Phillip, and purchased a large tract of the country from the natives, that General Bourke, the Governor of New South Wales, had warned those persons not to make improvements or settle on the land, until the pleasure of His Majesty's Government should be ascertained; that, at all events, their bargain with the natives would not be recognized—this took place in June, 1835, and, consequently, when I arrived at King George's Sound, there had not sufficient time elapsed for the determination of Government to be known, besides I did not place implicit faith in all that I had heard of Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the course of my enquiries at the Cape of Good Hope respecting the Australian colonies, I was informed that a fine tract of country had been discovered in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip, near the entrance of Bass' Straits, and within the limits of the New South Wales Government; that a number of wealthy individuals had gone over from Van Dieman's Land to Port Phillip, and purchased a large tract of the country from the natives, that General Bourke, the Governor of New South Wales, had warned those persons not to make improvements or settle on the land, until the pleasure of His Majesty's Government should be ascertained; that, at all events, their bargain with the natives would not be recognized—this took place in June, 1835, and, consequently, when I arrived at King George's Sound, there had not sufficient time elapsed for the determination of Government to be known, besides I did not place implicit faith in all that I had heard of Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the course of my enquiries at the Cape of Good Hope respecting the Australian colonies, I was informed that a fine tract of country had been discovered in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip, near the entrance of Bass' Straits, and within the limits of the New South Wales Government; that a number of wealthy individuals had gone over from Van Dieman's Land to Port Phillip, and purchased a large tract of the country from the natives, that General Bourke, the Governor of New South Wales, had warned those persons not to make improvements or settle on the land, until the pleasure of His Majesty's Government should be ascertained; that, at all events, their bargain with the natives would not be recognized—this took place in June, 1835, and, consequently, when I arrived at King George's Sound, there had not sufficient time elapsed for the determination of Government to be known, besides I did not place implicit faith in all that I had heard of Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the course of my enquiries at the Cape of Good Hope respecting the Australian colonies, I was informed that a fine tract of country had been discovered in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip, near the entrance of Bass' Straits, and within the limits of the New South Wales Government; that a number of wealthy individuals had gone over from Van Dieman's Land to Port Phillip, and purchased a large tract of the country from the natives, that General Bourke, the Governor of New South Wales, had warned those persons not to make improvements or settle on the land, until the pleasure of His Majesty's Government should be ascertained; that, at all events, their bargain with the natives would not be recognized—this took place in June, 1835, and, consequently, when I arrived at King George's Sound, there had not sufficient time elapsed for the determination of Government to be known, besides I did not place implicit faith in all that I had heard of Port Phillip."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the course of my enquiries at the Cape of Good Hope respecting the Australian colonies, I was informed that a fine tract of country had been discovered in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip, near the entrance of Bass' Straits, and within the limits of the New South Wales Government; that a number of wealthy individuals had gone over from Van Dieman's Land to Port Phillip, and purchased a large tract of the country from the natives, that General Bourke, the Governor of New South Wales, had warned those persons not to make improvements or settle on the land, until the pleasure of His Majesty's Government should be ascertained; that, at all events, their bargain with the natives would not be recognized—this took place in June, 1835, and, consequently, when I arrived at King George's Sound, there had not sufficient time elapsed for the determination of Government to be known, besides I did not place implicit faith in all that I had heard of Port Phillip."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the course of my enquiries at the Cape of Good Hope respecting the Australian colonies, I was informed that a fine tract of country had been discovered in the neighbourhood of Port Phillip, near the entrance of Bass' Straits, and within the limits of the New South Wales Government; that a number of wealthy individuals had gone over from Van Dieman's Land to Port Phillip, and purchased a large tract of the country from the natives, that General Bourke, the Governor of New South Wales, had warned those persons not to make improvements or settle on the land, until the pleasure of His Majesty's Government should be ascertained; that, at all events, their bargain with the natives would not be recognized—this took place in June, 1835, and, consequently, when I arrived at King George's Sound, there had not sufficient time elapsed for the determination of Government to be known, besides I did not place implicit faith in all that I had heard of Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"My doubts, however, were removed on the arrival of the barque Caledonia, Captain Symers, at the Sound, on the 24th ultimo, from Launceston and Port Phillip, having been employed between the former Port and the latter, removing families and stock—there were on board the Caledonia, three passengers, viz."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"My doubts, however, were removed on the arrival of the barque Caledonia, Captain Symers, at the Sound, on the 24th ultimo, from Launceston and Port Phillip, having been employed between the former Port and the latter, removing families and stock—there were on board the Caledonia, three passengers, viz."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

", Major H. Welman, 57th Regt. , on his way to India to join his regiment, and his son Hercules, also Mr. Henry Hesketh, agent or surveyor of the South Australian Company—these gentlemen, as well as Captain Symers, declared that the description of the land, about Port Phillip, was by no means exaggerated, that it was an "earthly Paradise. ""

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

", Major H. Welman, 57th Regt. , on his way to India to join his regiment, and his son Hercules, also Mr. Henry Hesketh, agent or surveyor of the South Australian Company—these gentlemen, as well as Captain Symers, declared that the description of the land, about Port Phillip, was by no means exaggerated, that it was an "earthly Paradise. ""

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""In October, 1803, I entered this harbour, under the orders of Colonel Collins, who did not even attempt to examine the country, but landed at Point Nepean, and early the next year, 1804, removed the whole of the people (with the exception of a few run-away prisoners) over to Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, at that time uncultivated."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""Pascoe Vale, Fawkner's River, Port Phillip,"

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]]> 145.055099,-22.14197 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"SYMERS, ESQ. , OF THE CALEDONIA."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""In October, 1803, I entered this harbour, under the orders of Colonel Collins, who did not even attempt to examine the country, but landed at Point Nepean, and early the next year, 1804, removed the whole of the people (with the exception of a few run-away prisoners) over to Hobart Town, Van Dieman's Land, at that time uncultivated."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The following is a copy of a letter, which Captain Symers brought for the information of his brother, the owner of the Caledonia, residing at the Sound:"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A river has been found to the westward which disembogues itself into the sea, west of Port Phillip Heads, about twenty miles, and is said by one William Buckley (who was a runaway convict left here by Governor Collins, in 1803, and never seen by white men until August, 1835, ) to run nearly parallel with the coast through beautiful plains for upwards of 200 miles, and has its rise about fifteen miles from the sea, near Portland Bay, where the Messrs. Henty and others have settled."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Indian corn will not be a very sure crop, but all seeds and plants that are congenial to Britain, will flourish here in great luxuriance; this is the reason I fixed to settle here."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It takes in the whole of the western side of this immense bay, a sea line of, I think, about 120 miles in length; I caused Western Port and the whole of the eastern side of this bay to be strictly surveyed, by examining the land about twenty miles inland, all along this tract, and the good land found was only in very small quantities; upon the return of my vessel and people, I immediately came over to this delightful land to settle and so well pleased am I with it, that please God here I shall end my days."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"My people left Launceston in my schooner Enterprize, in July, 1835—Mr. Batman's party in June."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Batman came direct to Port Phillip, and bought a piece of land, extending, as per Flinders' Chart, from the western head along the coast, about twenty miles westward, from whence he struck an imaginary line nearly east, which line was again joined by a line, commencing on the northern side of a small river, which runs nearly due east, and is laid down in the same chart, at the head of Port Phillip Bay; his purchase follows the river up on the right bank, for about nine miles from the Bay-head, and then runs forty miles N. E. , and ends where the eastern line from the western coast intersects it; this land was parted amongst fourteen or fifteen persons originally, and was divided into seventeen shares of about 100, 000 acres each."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A river has been found to the westward which disembogues itself into the sea, west of Port Phillip Heads, about twenty miles, and is said by one William Buckley (who was a runaway convict left here by Governor Collins, in 1803, and never seen by white men until August, 1835, ) to run nearly parallel with the coast through beautiful plains for upwards of 200 miles, and has its rise about fifteen miles from the sea, near Portland Bay, where the Messrs. Henty and others have settled."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From the immense basin, the bay of Port Phillip and its shallowness, we derive constant, and copious dews, which it is ascertained have extended 200 miles westward, and as far north as we have yet penetrated."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The perusal of this letter, and statements the Van Dieman's Land newspapers corroborative; together with the testimony of the captain of and passengers by, the Caledonia; convinced me that a fine country had been found—but no regular government established up to the time of their leaving; the Stirlingshire coming in about this time bound for Launceston and Sydney, I thought it most desirable to go, see, and judge, for myself, whether it would be better to remain at the Sound—pay five shillings an acre for land that would cost £20 an acre to cultivate (although there might be a probability of future reimbursement by the sale of the timber) , or to obtain land fit for pasturage or the plough—at the same price elsewhere; the difference of expense and risk in carrying sheep and cattle from Sydney or Van Dieman's Land to Port Phillip or King George's Sound is very great—the passage from Launceston to the former being only about twenty-four hours, and to the latter twenty to thirty days; this induced me to come."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The perusal of this letter, and statements the Van Dieman's Land newspapers corroborative; together with the testimony of the captain of and passengers by, the Caledonia; convinced me that a fine country had been found—but no regular government established up to the time of their leaving; the Stirlingshire coming in about this time bound for Launceston and Sydney, I thought it most desirable to go, see, and judge, for myself, whether it would be better to remain at the Sound—pay five shillings an acre for land that would cost £20 an acre to cultivate (although there might be a probability of future reimbursement by the sale of the timber) , or to obtain land fit for pasturage or the plough—at the same price elsewhere; the difference of expense and risk in carrying sheep and cattle from Sydney or Van Dieman's Land to Port Phillip or King George's Sound is very great—the passage from Launceston to the former being only about twenty-four hours, and to the latter twenty to thirty days; this induced me to come."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The perusal of this letter, and statements the Van Dieman's Land newspapers corroborative; together with the testimony of the captain of and passengers by, the Caledonia; convinced me that a fine country had been found—but no regular government established up to the time of their leaving; the Stirlingshire coming in about this time bound for Launceston and Sydney, I thought it most desirable to go, see, and judge, for myself, whether it would be better to remain at the Sound—pay five shillings an acre for land that would cost £20 an acre to cultivate (although there might be a probability of future reimbursement by the sale of the timber) , or to obtain land fit for pasturage or the plough—at the same price elsewhere; the difference of expense and risk in carrying sheep and cattle from Sydney or Van Dieman's Land to Port Phillip or King George's Sound is very great—the passage from Launceston to the former being only about twenty-four hours, and to the latter twenty to thirty days; this induced me to come."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The perusal of this letter, and statements the Van Dieman's Land newspapers corroborative; together with the testimony of the captain of and passengers by, the Caledonia; convinced me that a fine country had been found—but no regular government established up to the time of their leaving; the Stirlingshire coming in about this time bound for Launceston and Sydney, I thought it most desirable to go, see, and judge, for myself, whether it would be better to remain at the Sound—pay five shillings an acre for land that would cost £20 an acre to cultivate (although there might be a probability of future reimbursement by the sale of the timber) , or to obtain land fit for pasturage or the plough—at the same price elsewhere; the difference of expense and risk in carrying sheep and cattle from Sydney or Van Dieman's Land to Port Phillip or King George's Sound is very great—the passage from Launceston to the former being only about twenty-four hours, and to the latter twenty to thirty days; this induced me to come."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The perusal of this letter, and statements the Van Dieman's Land newspapers corroborative; together with the testimony of the captain of and passengers by, the Caledonia; convinced me that a fine country had been found—but no regular government established up to the time of their leaving; the Stirlingshire coming in about this time bound for Launceston and Sydney, I thought it most desirable to go, see, and judge, for myself, whether it would be better to remain at the Sound—pay five shillings an acre for land that would cost £20 an acre to cultivate (although there might be a probability of future reimbursement by the sale of the timber) , or to obtain land fit for pasturage or the plough—at the same price elsewhere; the difference of expense and risk in carrying sheep and cattle from Sydney or Van Dieman's Land to Port Phillip or King George's Sound is very great—the passage from Launceston to the former being only about twenty-four hours, and to the latter twenty to thirty days; this induced me to come."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Launceston, August, 1836."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"P. S. With regard to Port Philip, the testimony which I have obtained here respecting it, confirms the most favourable opinion I had conceived of it; indeed, the fact that the settlers who have gone there were among the most wealthy in Van Dieman's Land, and have already transported thither 30, 000 sheep and great numbers of horned cattle, horses, &c. , must convince the most sceptical; no information has, however, been obtained as to the intentions of Government respecting this "Garden of Eden;" and, although Governor Bourke has issued a proclamation declaring the territory to be within the limits of his government, he has not felt himself authorised to appoint peace officers, or to send a military force there;—the consequence has been, that some of the stock-keepers in the country have committed offences against the blacks; who have retaliated by killing four of the settlers, —a prelude, I fear, to constant war between the parties, until the blacks shall be exterminated, or driven far into the interior, a most horrible alternative; but there appears to be no other, except the abandonment of the country, and leaving the natives in their present savage and ignorant state, unless a government be speedily appointed, and effective measures taken to punish the whites who were the first aggressors, in order to convince the natives that the outrages were committed by unauthorised individuals; and that they may look with confidence to protection from the Government."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I am now about to proceed to Sydney, where I must adopt a final resolution; and it is possible the intentions of Government, respecting Port Phillip, will be known there."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On my arrival at Launceston I shall be correctly informed upon those points, and will not fail to add a postscript to correct any error that I may have been involuntarily led into, —Adieu, the land is in sight."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Ships have been sometimes five weeks going up, and others as long coming down; it is, therefore, very necessary that ships chartered for Launceston should have it inserted in the charter-party that the cargo shall be discharged at George Town, near the entrance; nor would this stipulation prejudice the interest of the shippers, as the goods can be sent from George Town to Launceston at 4s."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Ships have been sometimes five weeks going up, and others as long coming down; it is, therefore, very necessary that ships chartered for Launceston should have it inserted in the charter-party that the cargo shall be discharged at George Town, near the entrance; nor would this stipulation prejudice the interest of the shippers, as the goods can be sent from George Town to Launceston at 4s."

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]]> 146.8264353,-41.1057764 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Ships have been sometimes five weeks going up, and others as long coming down; it is, therefore, very necessary that ships chartered for Launceston should have it inserted in the charter-party that the cargo shall be discharged at George Town, near the entrance; nor would this stipulation prejudice the interest of the shippers, as the goods can be sent from George Town to Launceston at 4s."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Launceston contains about 6000 inhabitants; is situated at the head of the River Tamar, about forty-five miles from its entrance, the tide runs very strong, seven hours ebb, five hours flood—and if the wind proves contrary, the navigation is very tedious."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I am now about to proceed to Sydney, where I must adopt a final resolution; and it is possible the intentions of Government, respecting Port Phillip, will be known there."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 4."

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]]> 121.6283098,-27.6728168 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Meteorological Register of King George's Sound, Western Australia, for the year ending April 30, 1832; by A. Collie, Esq. , Colonial Surgeon."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Two of the New South Wales natives, we observe, have recently come up from Twofold Bay."

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]]> 149.9276991,-37.0843679 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Two of the New South Wales natives, we observe, have recently come up from Twofold Bay."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Ships have been sometimes five weeks going up, and others as long coming down; it is, therefore, very necessary that ships chartered for Launceston should have it inserted in the charter-party that the cargo shall be discharged at George Town, near the entrance; nor would this stipulation prejudice the interest of the shippers, as the goods can be sent from George Town to Launceston at 4s."

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]]> 151.9453192,-27.4494276 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Stress of weather obliged them to put into Circular Head, where the buildings at Highfield excited his admiration, but his surprise on visiting Launceston was unbounded."

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]]> 145.0264296,-41.0558621 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Stress of weather obliged them to put into Circular Head, where the buildings at Highfield excited his admiration, but his surprise on visiting Launceston was unbounded."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Stress of weather obliged them to put into Circular Head, where the buildings at Highfield excited his admiration, but his surprise on visiting Launceston was unbounded."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Fawkner brought over the first black from Port Phillip who has left his native land."

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]]> 151.2084553,-33.839367 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The report of the Van Diemen's Land Company, read by the Secretary to the Shareholders in London, in April last, contains as many exaggerations and inconsistencies as we have seen put together for a long time."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"notice in Hobart Town."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As soon as the vessel has passed Betsey Island, Mr. Henry Melville; Mr. Thomas George Gregson, Mr. Gilbert Robertson and Mr. Helmsley, being joined by Mr. William Bryan and Colonel Bradley from Brewer-street, Finsbury, who, during the last six weeks, have been waiting incognito under the shelter of a gum stump at Research Bay, living upon oyster shells and smoking kangaroo apples, will proceed with a team of six bullocks to the government house."

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]]> 145.1806162,-37.7036462 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As soon as the vessel has passed Betsey Island, Mr. Henry Melville; Mr. Thomas George Gregson, Mr. Gilbert Robertson and Mr. Helmsley, being joined by Mr. William Bryan and Colonel Bradley from Brewer-street, Finsbury, who, during the last six weeks, have been waiting incognito under the shelter of a gum stump at Research Bay, living upon oyster shells and smoking kangaroo apples, will proceed with a team of six bullocks to the government house."

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]]> 149.0776669,-35.3015854 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As soon as the vessel has passed Betsey Island, Mr. Henry Melville; Mr. Thomas George Gregson, Mr. Gilbert Robertson and Mr. Helmsley, being joined by Mr. William Bryan and Colonel Bradley from Brewer-street, Finsbury, who, during the last six weeks, have been waiting incognito under the shelter of a gum stump at Research Bay, living upon oyster shells and smoking kangaroo apples, will proceed with a team of six bullocks to the government house."

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]]> 147.4843365,-43.0526871 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As soon as the vessel has passed Betsey Island, Mr. Henry Melville; Mr. Thomas George Gregson, Mr. Gilbert Robertson and Mr. Helmsley, being joined by Mr. William Bryan and Colonel Bradley from Brewer-street, Finsbury, who, during the last six weeks, have been waiting incognito under the shelter of a gum stump at Research Bay, living upon oyster shells and smoking kangaroo apples, will proceed with a team of six bullocks to the government house."

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"— There now appears little doubt but that His Excellency and family will take their departure for England early in the next month, and that the dullness which has pervaded the town and the newspapers for the last two months, is preparatory to the approaching commotion, the equinoctial gales having been postponed until that period."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By this arrangement the Russian fleet which has for some time been collecting at the mouth of the Derwent will be dispersed, and Mulgrave battery will be opened according to the plan laid down by the Rev. Mr. Knopwood."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The rival potentates of Port Phillip and Cape Grim, will place their opposite claims in the hands of Capt. M. L. Smith as mediator at King's Island."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This will at once have the effect of adjusting all unsettled matters which have been so long pending in the Survey office to the entire satisfaction of the aborigines of Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Gellibrand will be declared potentate of that beautiful country, and the hundred thousand acres that were promised to the London Lawyer for adjustment, having been measured due south into the Pacific, that gentleman's Australasiatic estate, as the name implies, will be wholly composed of liquid."

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]]> -90.7415194,38.4819976 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Gellibrand will be declared potentate of that beautiful country, and the hundred thousand acres that were promised to the London Lawyer for adjustment, having been measured due south into the Pacific, that gentleman's Australasiatic estate, as the name implies, will be wholly composed of liquid."

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]]> 147.291007,-42.835352 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the last arrival from the Derwent, however, we have read in the Courier an article which professes to give fuller and more satisfactory information than has hitherto reached us."

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]]> -76.085227,40.1017643 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On this subject we are happy to learn that the Aboriginal Committee of the House of Commons, as well as the Secretary of State, are desirous that Mr. Robinson the Commandant at Flinders' Island, should proceed to New Holland as mediator and protector of the various tribes of natives in the newly settled territories — than which we can conceive no measure, in every point of view, more desirable or consolatory as well to the philanthropist as to the immediate settler."

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]]> 144.6833333,-40.6833333 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The rival potentates of Port Phillip and Cape Grim, will place their opposite claims in the hands of Capt. M. L. Smith as mediator at King's Island."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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]]> -76.085227,40.1017643 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"And as we gather therefrom that it is in contemplation, either with the Van Diemen's Land or the English Government, to appoint a sort of "Protector of the Aborigines" of New Holland generally, and to give him jurisdiction in the new Settlements lately formed and forming on this Coast, it is necessary for us to enquire whether there is any promise of a happier result from the new appointment than has hitherto attended our efforts."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For in such duties every thing depends on the zeal and talents of the individual, and without the smallest intention to detract from the merits of the missionaries who have hitherto been employed among the Aborigines in other parts of New South Wales, we cannot shut our eyes to the comparative want of success which has hitherto attended their labours."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There is nothing improbable in this; we have been bamboozled into paying for a Resident at New Zealand — why may we not have to "shell out" for a Consul at Port Phillip!"

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The greatest cordiality and mutual good feeling prevails throughout the whole establishment — a fact which our readers in Hobart Town will, we fear, scarcely be able to credit, as Mr. Robinson has been the means of establishing a weekly newspaper among them."

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"ADVANCE AUSTRALIA Sydney Gazette."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WE perceive by an article in yesterday's Herald, that Ambassadors from the Squatters at Port Phillip, have arrived in Sydney from Hobart Town."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WE perceive by an article in yesterday's Herald, that Ambassadors from the Squatters at Port Phillip, have arrived in Sydney from Hobart Town."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We pre-sume that these gentlemen and their constituents at the new settlement, begin to feel alarmed for the safety of the little patches of land held by them in virtue of a certain treaty, and bill of sale with the sable chiefs of that place, now that our Government have formally attached Port Phillip to this Colony, and de-clared that land can only be obtained by purchase of the Crown."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WE perceive by an article in yesterday's Herald, that Ambassadors from the Squatters at Port Phillip, have arrived in Sydney from Hobart Town."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sydney Gazette."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Had the original squatters at Port Phillip con-tented themselves, with temporary pos-session, they would very probably have remained undisturbed for some time, but setting up a title to a whole territory by such a preposterous scheme as an alleged purchase of the Aborigines, naturally led to the adoption of measures which are no doubt, considered by them arbitrary and unjust."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We dare say it might be possible to land sheep on the west or north-west coast of Ireland, and remain undiscovered for a time; we will suppose that the natives of the Scilly Isles should do so (by the by we fancy the Phillipians must have emigrated from one of the Silly Islands)—and make a treaty with the highly cultivated inhabitants of those coasts; what clever fellows they would be, if they could only persuade the Irish or English Governments to acknowledge their title."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"But as the precedent would be rather inconvenient, Great Britain would have to tax herself with a coast guard expressly to forbid the future landing of such clever men and their mutton."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"If the Squatters at Port Phillip obtain an inch of land otherwise than by purchase of the Crown in the regular way, we say gross injustice will be committed to every Squatter beyond the bounds of this Colony, unless with equal propriety they also receive locations on the same terms."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Any exclusive privilege to the Van Diemen's Land squatters at Port Phillip, under any circumstances is totally out of the question, and they must remain satisfied to stand on an equal footing with the Colonists of New South Wales, who must purchase of the Crown any Land they may be desirous to obtain at the new Settlement."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Any exclusive privilege to the Van Diemen's Land squatters at Port Phillip, under any circumstances is totally out of the question, and they must remain satisfied to stand on an equal footing with the Colonists of New South Wales, who must purchase of the Crown any Land they may be desirous to obtain at the new Settlement."

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]]> 144.3062343,-37.4726189 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We resume our English extracts, and refer to the article from Blackwood headed "What is our External Policy and Condition;" as some portions of it, which we intend to publish, contain ob-servations upon this Colony, in common with the other dependencies of the Empire."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 130.8745525,-12.4001333 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Have we not before us the fate of the crew of the Oldham at Wallis' Island, the Charles Eaton at Murray's Island, and now the Stirling Castle on our own shores; with these facts staring us in the face—with the blood of these slaughtered men crying aloud for vengeance, can the public, the mercantile interest in particular sit down contented and talk of sending missionaries to the poor benighted blacks—who would mumble the finger of an European in their mouth with as much gout as a child would suck a stick of barley sugar."

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]]> 153.3105429,-24.9614344 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Have we not before us the fate of the crew of the Oldham at Wallis' Island, the Charles Eaton at Murray's Island, and now the Stirling Castle on our own shores; with these facts staring us in the face—with the blood of these slaughtered men crying aloud for vengeance, can the public, the mercantile interest in particular sit down contented and talk of sending missionaries to the poor benighted blacks—who would mumble the finger of an European in their mouth with as much gout as a child would suck a stick of barley sugar."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is reported that the Siren will be taken up for the conveyance of the Go-vernor and suite to Port Phillip, immedi-ately on her return from Hobart Town."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is reported that the Siren will be taken up for the conveyance of the Go-vernor and suite to Port Phillip, immedi-ately on her return from Hobart Town."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We need hardly remark that the supporters of the measure were the men of property in Sydney, and the successful opponents, with scarcely an exception, men of none."

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]]> 136.2091547,-30.0002315 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The consequence will be disastrous enough upon such of our countrymen as may hereafter fall into their power; and if communication by land is to commence between Port Philip or South Australia and this Colony, we may look to hear of its being attended with danger and loss, which will have a most unfavorable effect upon our journeyings to and fro."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The consequence will be disastrous enough upon such of our countrymen as may hereafter fall into their power; and if communication by land is to commence between Port Philip or South Australia and this Colony, we may look to hear of its being attended with danger and loss, which will have a most unfavorable effect upon our journeyings to and fro."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Had our contemporary the Herald, upon the introduction to public notice of a Plan for constituting Sydney a Corporate Town some eighteen months ago, joined with ourselves in recommending the measure, he would not now have to lament in his columns the evils resulting from its non-existence."

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]]> 138.6059872,-34.9283824 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Who does not remember that when it was first proposed to submit a Bill for the internal regulation of the Town — lighting, paving, watching, &c. &c. — an immediate cry of "opening the door to taxation, " saluted the measure; a large placard calling upon the public to "resist the first appearance of taxation, " and got up by Mr. Robert Cooper, and an anti-taxation speech by Messrs. Poole and Williams, carried with them the most sweet voices of their assembled adherents at the Pulteney, and strangled the plan at its birth."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The blacks, we hear, have been troublesome at Port Phillip."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By intelligence from Port Phillip, we learn the safe arrival—officers and crew"

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This vessel, which is expected to arrive in Sydney by Christmas, will put in at Port Dalrymple on her return to this Colony."

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]]> 146.8264353,-41.1057764 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This vessel, which is expected to arrive in Sydney by Christmas, will put in at Port Dalrymple on her return to this Colony."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"SUPPLEMENT TO THE NEW SOUTH WALES GOVERNMENT GAZETTE."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is a disgrace to the inhabitants of a large and wealthy town like Sydney, that the obvious remedy has not been earlier adopted."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"NEW SOUTH WALES"

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 4."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Colonial Secretary's Office, Sydney,"

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 4."

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]]> -7.4982095,53.7777045 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"My intended route was the same as that which I wished to have followed last year namely:— to pursue the River as far as Mount Granard, and then to travel westward, as the nature of the country permitted, towards the River Darling."

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]]> -7.4982095,53.7777045 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When I reached Mount Granard I found less of a mountain range extending westward than I had expected, and although we procured abundance of water on its summit (where I passed a night) , and that numerous hills as promising as it was, in this respect, appeared to the westward, the season was so extremely dry, that I considered it safer, with such a party in charge, to rely on the ponds in the Lachlan, at least some way further; especially as I had observed from the hills, a branch of that River, as it seemed, leading in a very favorable direction over the lower country."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"SIR, — Having proceeded into the interior for the purpose of exploring the further course of the River Darling to its supposed junction with the River Murray, and the course of the Murray upwards, according to the instructions I received in March last; I have now the honor to report the result of the expedition for the information of His Excellency the Governor, having this day reached this River with a portion of my party after a successful and highly interesting tour."

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]]> 143.7620269497911,-35.40926030372019 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"SIR, — Having proceeded into the interior for the purpose of exploring the further course of the River Darling to its supposed junction with the River Murray, and the course of the Murray upwards, according to the instructions I received in March last; I have now the honor to report the result of the expedition for the information of His Excellency the Governor, having this day reached this River with a portion of my party after a successful and highly interesting tour."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"My intended route was the same as that which I wished to have followed last year namely:— to pursue the River as far as Mount Granard, and then to travel westward, as the nature of the country permitted, towards the River Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"SIR, — Having proceeded into the interior for the purpose of exploring the further course of the River Darling to its supposed junction with the River Murray, and the course of the Murray upwards, according to the instructions I received in March last; I have now the honor to report the result of the expedition for the information of His Excellency the Governor, having this day reached this River with a portion of my party after a successful and highly interesting tour."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In so precarious an enterprise, as our further progress this appeared to be, merely on account of water, I adopted what I considered the alternative by which we should incur least risk, namely:— that of pursuing the course of the Lachlan to the Murrumbidgee, and that of this River to the Murray, and thence to survey the Darling upwards with a light party."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When I reached Mount Granard I found less of a mountain range extending westward than I had expected, and although we procured abundance of water on its summit (where I passed a night) , and that numerous hills as promising as it was, in this respect, appeared to the westward, the season was so extremely dry, that I considered it safer, with such a party in charge, to rely on the ponds in the Lachlan, at least some way further; especially as I had observed from the hills, a branch of that River, as it seemed, leading in a very favorable direction over the lower country."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At the end of the first day's journey, on quitting the Lachlan, we reached the Northern Channel, but found it dry; and although the old man procured a few quarts, some miles beyond, we passed the night without finding any for the cattle; and next morning the Chiefs of a Tribe, then among the hills beyond, came forward to assure me that all there was dried up."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In so precarious an enterprise, as our further progress this appeared to be, merely on account of water, I adopted what I considered the alternative by which we should incur least risk, namely:— that of pursuing the course of the Lachlan to the Murrumbidgee, and that of this River to the Murray, and thence to survey the Darling upwards with a light party."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"After we had descended along the bank of the Lachlan about sixty miles further, water became very scarce; the Natives having a name for each hole or "quawy."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In so precarious an enterprise, as our further progress this appeared to be, merely on account of water, I adopted what I considered the alternative by which we should incur least risk, namely:— that of pursuing the course of the Lachlan to the Murrumbidgee, and that of this River to the Murray, and thence to survey the Darling upwards with a light party."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I must here mention that before I determined on this plan, I had ascertained from the Natives the identity of the River explored by me last year, with that which joins the Murray from the northward."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I was consequently desirous to get through the survey of that barren and unpromising country as soon as possible, in hopes in proceeding up the Murray, we might make discoveries more equal to the expectations raised by such an expedition."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In so precarious an enterprise, as our further progress this appeared to be, merely on account of water, I adopted what I considered the alternative by which we should incur least risk, namely:— that of pursuing the course of the Lachlan to the Murrumbidgee, and that of this River to the Murray, and thence to survey the Darling upwards with a light party."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Relying on Arrowsmith's map (to which I am referred by the instructions) , I passed the junction of the Murrumbidgee with the Murray without being aware of it."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On descending the Lachlan, we frequently travelled along its banks all day without seeing any water in its bed, passing the night without any; and, over the place where Mr. Oxley buried a bottle, I travelled three days, and passed two nights, without finding any, during ride of one hundred and twenty miles with a party on horseback."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Relying on Arrowsmith's map (to which I am referred by the instructions) , I passed the junction of the Murrumbidgee with the Murray without being aware of it."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"But a branch of the former River presented so favorable position for a depôt camp, in which I wished to leave Mr. Stapylton with the heavy part of our equipment, that I immediately took it up, leaving there the drays, boats, and most of the cattle and provisions in that officer's charge, with eight men, while I proceeded forward with a lighter party in order to complete the survey of the Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By this arrangement my party was in better trim to deal with the savage Natives whom [we] were likely to meet; while the cattle left, at the depôt and which were already exhausted by a long journey, were refreshed for continuing it into the Southern Country on my return from the Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"During my first day's journey from the depot, I made the banks of the Murray, below the junction of the branch of the Murrumbidgee, and we subsequently encamped, where the breadth of this River was 165 yards."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"During my first day's journey from the depot, I made the banks of the Murray, below the junction of the branch of the Murrumbidgee, and we subsequently encamped, where the breadth of this River was 165 yards."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From the Natives we learnt that other lakes similar to Lake Benanee existed in the Country northward from the Murray, especially in a large one named "Coniowra"— and that the Darling tribe came across the Country from that River to the Benanee Lake, without passing along the bank of the Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This River exactly resembled the Lachlan in its woods, course, and in the character of its banks — the latter being peculiar to these two Rivers only."

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]]> 142.8795018,-34.5403238 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From the Natives we learnt that other lakes similar to Lake Benanee existed in the Country northward from the Murray, especially in a large one named "Coniowra"— and that the Darling tribe came across the Country from that River to the Benanee Lake, without passing along the bank of the Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From the Natives we learnt that other lakes similar to Lake Benanee existed in the Country northward from the Murray, especially in a large one named "Coniowra"— and that the Darling tribe came across the Country from that River to the Benanee Lake, without passing along the bank of the Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As soon, therefore, as I recognised the points of a range previously intersected, and thus ascertained the identity of the Upper and Lower Darling, I hastened to rejoin Mr. Stapylton at the depôt."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As I make the junction of the Rivers Darling and Murray, in longitude 142° 3' 36" east, or upwards of a degree more to the eastward, than it appears to be in Arrowsmith's Map published in 1832; my movement from the depôt point will appear less of a detour on my Map, than by that Map might be supposed."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As I make the junction of the Rivers Darling and Murray, in longitude 142° 3' 36" east, or upwards of a degree more to the eastward, than it appears to be in Arrowsmith's Map published in 1832; my movement from the depôt point will appear less of a detour on my Map, than by that Map might be supposed."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From the Natives we learnt that other lakes similar to Lake Benanee existed in the Country northward from the Murray, especially in a large one named "Coniowra"— and that the Darling tribe came across the Country from that River to the Benanee Lake, without passing along the bank of the Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From the Natives we learnt that other lakes similar to Lake Benanee existed in the Country northward from the Murray, especially in a large one named "Coniowra"— and that the Darling tribe came across the Country from that River to the Benanee Lake, without passing along the bank of the Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The waters of the Murrumbidgee had risen, and the branch on which I had fixed the depôt was full and flowing, so that it was necessary, in order to rejoin that party, to swim our horses across."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From the Depôt Camp to the junction of the Murrumbidgee and Murray, the distance was eight miles over the ground; and at two miles below the junction (by the River)"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"And the longitude of the junction of the Murrumbidgee near my depot being also more to the eastward than it is on that Map; (being 143° 20' 36" east)"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From the Depôt Camp to the junction of the Murrumbidgee and Murray, the distance was eight miles over the ground; and at two miles below the junction (by the River)"

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]]> -124.8629652,49.3021094 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We reached the junction of a River which I took to be that of the Twisden (or Goulburn) of Mr. Hume, in lat."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The view I obtained from that summit induced me to direct our course southward, with the intention of returning across the heads of the Murray further to the eastward, where I hoped the hills might afford me the means of extending the survey across the adjacent country; I perceived from the height a distant line of lofty trees, which seemed to mark the course of another River; beyond were the summits of very distant hills, variegated with clumps, and lines of trees extended westward to the horizon; the whole seeming good pasture land."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The main distance of the bergs of sand hills covered with pine, which limited the reedy flat, was there about eight miles across."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I moved the whole party across the Murray, with a view to proceed up that River, according to the second part of my instructions."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A clear grassy hill which I named Swan Hill, marks this junction, which takes place close under it."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Forests of Black-butted Gum, and Casuarinae, then extended back to the mountains and forest hills; in these forests, instead of novelty, we found the Blue Mountain Parrot, and other birds common near Sydney, many of the plants also that grow in Cumberland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Forests of Black-butted Gum, and Casuarinae, then extended back to the mountains and forest hills; in these forests, instead of novelty, we found the Blue Mountain Parrot, and other birds common near Sydney, many of the plants also that grow in Cumberland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""Barrabungale, " a lofty mountain of Granite, was the chief point of that range, but on ascending it, the weather was unfavorable for my observations; a group of open forest hills was connected with Barrabungale, they enclosed valleys richly covered with grass and all well watered."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""Barrabungale, " a lofty mountain of Granite, was the chief point of that range, but on ascending it, the weather was unfavorable for my observations; a group of open forest hills was connected with Barrabungale, they enclosed valleys richly covered with grass and all well watered."

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]]> 143.7620269497911,-35.40926030372019 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At length on the 11th July, I discovered the summit of a noble mountain range of broken and picturesque outline, and by subsequent survey, I found that this was the predominant feature of that vast territory lying between the River Murray and the southern coast, giving birth to numerous streams of convenient width and constant current, by which the surrounding country is watered abundantly."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"These had semicircular ridges on the eastern side, as in those of Biga, on the Murray, and the land about them was in general very good and grassy, its mean elevation above the sea being about 580 feet."

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]]> 148.2186492,-40.9348501 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"These Grampians of the south are situated between 36° 52' and 37° 38' of south latitude, and between 142° 25' and 142° 47' minutes of east longitude; the latter being the longitude of Mount William, the highest and most eastern summit, and on which I passed a night, vainly hoping that the clouds would rise above it."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"These had semicircular ridges on the eastern side, as in those of Biga, on the Murray, and the land about them was in general very good and grassy, its mean elevation above the sea being about 580 feet."

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]]> 140.6666667,-38.0666667 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The river, which I named the "Glenelg, " flows first westward, and then southward, entering the sea at the deepest part of the bay between Cape Northumberland and Cape Bridgewater."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When we gained the head of a small ravine falling towards the principal river rising in the Grampians, we found firmer ground, and our progress was much better, although still occasionally impeded by the soft and boggy state of the earth."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The soft state of the earth had rendered our progress by land almost hopeless when I launched the boats on the Glenelg, but on quitting that river with the party, I succeeded in re-crossing the Iron bark range with the drays, by following up a tributary flowing to the Glenelg from the eastward."

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]]> 150.1820849,-35.6667843 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The soft state of the earth had rendered our progress by land almost hopeless when I launched the boats on the Glenelg, but on quitting that river with the party, I succeeded in re-crossing the Iron bark range with the drays, by following up a tributary flowing to the Glenelg from the eastward."

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]]> 141.4159896,-38.3088306 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The river, which I named the "Glenelg, " flows first westward, and then southward, entering the sea at the deepest part of the bay between Cape Northumberland and Cape Bridgewater."

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]]> 138.5131191,-34.980383 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The soft state of the earth had rendered our progress by land almost hopeless when I launched the boats on the Glenelg, but on quitting that river with the party, I succeeded in re-crossing the Iron bark range with the drays, by following up a tributary flowing to the Glenelg from the eastward."

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]]> 115.9112603096924,-31.89003427782013 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I soon ascertained that Messrs. Henty from Swan River had formed a whaling and farming establishment there."

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]]> 141.4159896,-38.3088306 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is much better sheltered from the prevailing winds by the lofty promontory of Capes Bridgewater and Nelson, than any part of Port Phillip is, (which harbour I reconnoitred from Macedon on the 1st Instant, ) and the position of two reefs seem favorable for the formation of a small harbour."

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]]> 141.0068984,-38.0465757 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is much better sheltered from the prevailing winds by the lofty promontory of Capes Bridgewater and Nelson, than any part of Port Phillip is, (which harbour I reconnoitred from Macedon on the 1st Instant, ) and the position of two reefs seem favorable for the formation of a small harbour."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Beyond this range, which terminates in Cape Bridgewater, I expected to have found some considerable river entering the sea at Portland Bay; I found, only, however, three small rivers, which I named the "Surry, " the "Fitzroy, " and the "Shaw, " entering the bay at different points east of the anchorage."

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]]> 141.6361111,-38.3291667 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Portland Bay appears to be a good anchorage in all winds, save those from the S. S. E."

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]]> 143.5234449,-38.8345452 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I wished much to have examined "Cadog, " which, according to the natives is a large piece of water on the coast, westward of Cape Otway."

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]]> 144.5556723,-37.4281226 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is much better sheltered from the prevailing winds by the lofty promontory of Capes Bridgewater and Nelson, than any part of Port Phillip is, (which harbour I reconnoitred from Macedon on the 1st Instant, ) and the position of two reefs seem favorable for the formation of a small harbour."

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]]> 141.6361111,-38.3291667 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I still entertained hopes of finding a good port on the coast, and should have thoroughly examined it, for an object so desirable to the valuable and extensive territory I had explored, but the almost impassable state of the ground, and our very limited stock of provisions, confined me to the direct line homewards from Portland Bay, by which I travelled completely round the Grampians, crossed all the rivers, and determined the position of the principal heights."

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]]> 142.3312968,-37.35355140000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I still entertained hopes of finding a good port on the coast, and should have thoroughly examined it, for an object so desirable to the valuable and extensive territory I had explored, but the almost impassable state of the ground, and our very limited stock of provisions, confined me to the direct line homewards from Portland Bay, by which I travelled completely round the Grampians, crossed all the rivers, and determined the position of the principal heights."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is much better sheltered from the prevailing winds by the lofty promontory of Capes Bridgewater and Nelson, than any part of Port Phillip is, (which harbour I reconnoitred from Macedon on the 1st Instant, ) and the position of two reefs seem favorable for the formation of a small harbour."

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]]> 143.4770359,-37.3879637 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This receives as they said, several small rivers which I saw flowing southward, over the plains from the Australian Pyrenees, a groupe of very fine forest hills of considerable height, eastward of the Grampians."

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]]> 141.55,-38.4333333 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The whole of the coast country eastward of Cape Nelson, is of volcanic formation, as many geological phenomena attest; amongst others an extinct volcano (which I named "Mount Napier") , is not the least remarkable, having an open crater, and being surrounded with ashes, and scoriæ to the"

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]]> 142.0622082,-37.9008189 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We encountered much soft ground near Mount Napier, and by the time the party attained the southern extremity of the Grampians—most of the cattle were exhausted, and one poor animal died in the shafts."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The country on that coast generally, is low, and almost swampy, but the soil is rich, and the climate being sufficiently moist and water abundant, it appears better adapted for agriculture on an extensive scale than any other part of New South Wales."

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Having some spare cattle, I decided on proceeding in advance with a light party and a month's provisions, leaving the rest to refresh for two weeks, with a party under Mr. Stapylton, whom I provided with two months' provisions, that he might at the end of the two weeks follow my track at leisure through Australia Felix."

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]]> 142.3312968,-37.35355140000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This receives as they said, several small rivers which I saw flowing southward, over the plains from the Australian Pyrenees, a groupe of very fine forest hills of considerable height, eastward of the Grampians."

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]]> -2.4290148,53.8337367 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Besides establishing the fact of the identity of the Upper and Lower Darling, it has been in my power under the protection of Divine Providence, to explore the vast natural resources of a region more extensive than Great Britain, equally rich in point of soil, and which now lies ready for the plough in many parts, as if specially prepared by the Creator for the industrious hands of Englishmen."

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]]> 141.9759772,-33.875802 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Besides establishing the fact of the identity of the Upper and Lower Darling, it has been in my power under the protection of Divine Providence, to explore the vast natural resources of a region more extensive than Great Britain, equally rich in point of soil, and which now lies ready for the plough in many parts, as if specially prepared by the Creator for the industrious hands of Englishmen."

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]]> 149.578693,-33.4111857 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I beg leave to bring also under His Excellency the Governor's notice, "Piper, " an aboriginal native of Bathurst, who has accompanied me throughout this eventful journey, and has proved a valuable auxiliary, as will appear in almost every page of my"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 145.7578403,-34.6513496 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I hoped to have met with some advanced station before we reached the Murrumbidgee, but although we did not, we were fortunate in finding a way for the carts to this point, unobstructed by mountains or swamps."

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]]> 141.55,-38.4333333 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I have succeeded in working a continual chain of triangles along the heights between Cape Nelson and the banks of this river, thereby connecting my work on that Coast with the Survey of the Colony."

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]]> 145.515996591636,-37.73805667053507 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The present settlement is formed on the north bank of the Yarrayarra, ten or twelve miles up its course—but only one mile and a half distant from the bay across the land; here there is a rapid in the river, above which the water is always fresh."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The harbour of Port Phillip is fully one hundred miles in circumference, with a narrow entrance of about two miles, of which a mile and a"

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]]> 144.6832575,-38.3155755 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The eastern head, Point Nepean, is in 38° 17' 30" south Lat. , and 144° 39' Long. ; and on this point probably a light-house will be built and a pilot station established."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"About six miles below the town, another stream, called by the natives the "Weariby" forms a junction with the Yarrayarra; and they discharge themselves into the most northern extremity of Port Phillip."

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]]> 147.6985569472199,-29.49591194652932 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Marabul and Barwun are two fresh water rivers, which forms a junction near Geelong harbour; and flowing south, discharge themselves into the sea to the west of Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Marabul and Barwun are two fresh water rivers, which forms a junction near Geelong harbour; and flowing south, discharge themselves into the sea to the west of Port Phillip."

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]]> 144.367555922761,-38.14403892087054 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Geelong harbour, on the western side of the bay is five and six fathoms deep; but on the bar there is only eight feet of water at low tide, and eleven at full; but art may hereafter remedy this evil, and it will then be the safest and most commodious anchorage in Port Phillip."

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]]> 145.515996591636,-37.73805667053507 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Along the course of the Yarrayarra the land is exceedingly rich; hill and dale, and thickly wooded with the gum, oak, &c. , with here and there clear open spaces of many acres."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The newly formed camp from Sydney gives a gaiety and city-like look to the place which it did not before possess; but can any one doubt that in a few fleeting years the mud hut will be replaced by the handsome stone or brick building?"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"women of the located New South Wales but in"

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]]> 144.4301958,-38.1468463 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Another town must eventually be here formed, or by Point Henry around Indented Head, where ships drawing sixteen feet water, may lie in safety three quarters of a mile off shore."

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]]> 145.2480193,-38.3563059 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Lime is plentiful, as also is coal at Western Port."

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]]> 144.7081973,-38.1387195 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Another town must eventually be here formed, or by Point Henry around Indented Head, where ships drawing sixteen feet water, may lie in safety three quarters of a mile off shore."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Geelong harbour, on the western side of the bay is five and six fathoms deep; but on the bar there is only eight feet of water at low tide, and eleven at full; but art may hereafter remedy this evil, and it will then be the safest and most commodious anchorage in Port Phillip."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"As I am on the subject of natives, it may be interesting to know, that the Sydney blacks in the service of Mr Batman, live in a hut, dress cleanly, row well, fish, take care of the pigs, work in the garden and plough his land."

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]]> 143.7018571,-23.5032482 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"MANEROO PLAINS."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"He served in the 4th regiment, under the Duke of York, in Holland; and it is a curious coincidence, that the first detachment sent to Port Phillip is from that regiment, which he quitted so many years ago."

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]]> 145.2480193,-38.3563059 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Buckley is an Englishman, who was transported for mutiny in 1803, to the settlement formed at Western Port, from whence he ran away, accompanied by another convict, of whose fate nothing certain has ever since been discovered."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 2."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A gentleman having recently returned from Maneroo has informed us, that the weather has been lately unusually severe, and last week the snow was near three feet deep, which caused great destruction and havoc among the young lambs; some of the flock-holders were compelled to leave their sheep out at night without being folded, and have been in that state for the last six weeks, the weather being so severe that vast numbers of sheep were compelled to be kept in the folds for four or five days."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The wheat crops are looking bad, and great fears are anticipated, and they will be there a total failure, owing to the rigid state of the weather, there are several bushrangers in the vicinity of the Snowy River; and have robbed many stations, the Mounted Police are in active chase; the Blacks are troublesome, on account of their continually spearing cattle; as many head have been found in the gullies with only a small portion of the carcase consumed; it is contemplated by several gentlemen to proceed over land to Port Phillip, after Christmas."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"MANEROO PLAINS."

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]]> 136.2091547,-30.0002315 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The recent settlement of South Australia and Port Phillip, and the more recent publication of Major MITCHELL'S compendious, but highly interesting report of his last expedition into the south and south-western regions of this colony, have awakened a spirit of enquiry and anticipation regarding the geographical character of the country, such as, perhaps, never before existed in this money-getting community."

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]]> 144.8291259,-37.5986911 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"HOVELL and HUME, STURT and MITCHELL, are names by which that of OXLEY is shorn of its brightest beams."

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]]> 138.5547898,-35.0236091 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"HOVELL and HUME, STURT and MITCHELL, are names by which that of OXLEY is shorn of its brightest beams."

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]]> 147.9762859,-26.4845732 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"HOVELL and HUME, STURT and MITCHELL, are names by which that of OXLEY is shorn of its brightest beams."

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]]> 152.9738944,-27.553142 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"HOVELL and HUME, STURT and MITCHELL, are names by which that of OXLEY is shorn of its brightest beams."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The recent settlement of South Australia and Port Phillip, and the more recent publication of Major MITCHELL'S compendious, but highly interesting report of his last expedition into the south and south-western regions of this colony, have awakened a spirit of enquiry and anticipation regarding the geographical character of the country, such as, perhaps, never before existed in this money-getting community."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In a little periodical published in Sydney, so far back as upwards of fifteen years ago, —The Australian Magazine, the first undertaking of the kind, we believe, since the foundation of the colony—we find the following article:—"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"After passing the range I fell in with waters running to the westward; these I had followed down, and found them at a short distance to form very rapid and considerable streams; when, at the distance of twenty-five miles from Lake George, in the direction of south 30° west, from its southern extreme, I met with vast quantities of limestone, of various qualities; specimens of which I brought with me."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"SYDNEY, May 12, 1821."

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]]> 149.4854783,-35.2015081 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On my departure from Lake George, I pursued a southerly course up the flat through which the"

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]]> 136.2091547,-30.0002315 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"After passing the range I fell in with waters running to the westward; these I had followed down, and found them at a short distance to form very rapid and considerable streams; when, at the distance of twenty-five miles from Lake George, in the direction of south 30° west, from its southern extreme, I met with vast quantities of limestone, of various qualities; specimens of which I brought with me."

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]]> 150.8992441,-33.9748797 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—A gentleman in this town has received a letter from Charles Throsby, Esq. , of Glenfield, detailing the particulars of his late excursion into the country to the southward of Lake George; we have been favoured with the following extracts."

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]]> 149.4854783,-35.2015081 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I passed over two rivers, exclusive of the one I discovered, and on the banks of which I passed a night at the time the Governor was at Lake George."

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]]> 121.6283098,-27.6728168 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This river I found to flow through so rugged a country, that it was impossible for me to follow its course; I therefore returned to the one I had passed the day previous, and followed its course down as long as my provisions would permit me, being much retarded by the wetness of the weather, and not being able, on account of the rapid fresh, to cross the river at its various windings; the general course I found to be west and W. S. W. , and from the appearance of the country I am bound to say that the apparently continued chain of high mountains, extending from south to north, leaves no hope of a river of any magnitude being discovered running to the south-eastern coast of this colony; and it appears to me, that these mountains completely separate the space between them and the sea from the interior, in which direction I fear the rivers I have seen run, although each of them contains more than double the quantity of water in the Nepean at the Cowpastures."

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]]> 147.0426721,-42.8298209 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""As the whole of the rivers take the course I have before mentioned, I have small hopes that they terminate in any way different from that in which Mr. Oxley has already ascertained the Lachlan and Macquarie to do; if indeed they are not branches of the former river, but wherever they effect a junction, their united streams must form a river of considerable magnitude."

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]]> 149.059018,-35.2477161 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""As the whole of the rivers take the course I have before mentioned, I have small hopes that they terminate in any way different from that in which Mr. Oxley has already ascertained the Lachlan and Macquarie to do; if indeed they are not branches of the former river, but wherever they effect a junction, their united streams must form a river of considerable magnitude."

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]]> 121.6283098,-27.6728168 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This river I found to flow through so rugged a country, that it was impossible for me to follow its course; I therefore returned to the one I had passed the day previous, and followed its course down as long as my provisions would permit me, being much retarded by the wetness of the weather, and not being able, on account of the rapid fresh, to cross the river at its various windings; the general course I found to be west and W. S. W. , and from the appearance of the country I am bound to say that the apparently continued chain of high mountains, extending from south to north, leaves no hope of a river of any magnitude being discovered running to the south-eastern coast of this colony; and it appears to me, that these mountains completely separate the space between them and the sea from the interior, in which direction I fear the rivers I have seen run, although each of them contains more than double the quantity of water in the Nepean at the Cowpastures."

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]]> 149.4854783,-35.2015081 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""The approach from Lake George is in no part more difficult than the track."

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]]> 149.65011,-35.0171693 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Governor's carriage and carts passed between Lake Bathurst and Lake George on his late tour; nor do the very high mountains to the south-east, present that prospect of extreme barrenness, which the mountains bounding this part of the colony do; the whole being thinly timbered, with a pleasant appearance of verdure between the trees. ""

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]]> 149.4854783,-35.2015081 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Governor's carriage and carts passed between Lake Bathurst and Lake George on his late tour; nor do the very high mountains to the south-east, present that prospect of extreme barrenness, which the mountains bounding this part of the colony do; the whole being thinly timbered, with a pleasant appearance of verdure between the trees. ""

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]]> 145.7578403,-34.6513496 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It was about three years after this that Messrs. HOVELL and HUME undertook their voluntary tour to the southward; the nature and objects of which are thus explained in the Preface to their Journal, published (for reasons assigned) so late as the year 1831:— The late journey of Captain Sturt down the Murrumbidgee which may be considered a mere continuation of the previous plan of Messrs. Hovell and Hume, it is hoped will be admitted a happy opportunity for their present, though late introduction of the results of their laborious undertaking to the public, not only on account of the important intrinsic value of their labours, but from their almost inseparable connexion with those of the latter traveller."

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]]> 144.8291259,-37.5986911 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Thus to give a geometrical idea of the relation of the route of Messrs. Hume and Hovell, and that of Captain Sturt, the line of march of the former may be said to constitute the base line of a triangle, one side of which is formed by the route of Captain Sturt, the other by the line of coast to the southward, extending from Encounter Bay (in which is situate the embouchure of the Lake Alexandrina) , to Port Phillip: and, the whole contents of which triangle, a space of about 112, 500 square miles, consisting generally of an extremely fine country, intersected by numerous streams and rivers, are now by the conjoint labours of Messrs. Hovell and Hume, and of Captain Sturt, laid open to the public."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Having thus introduced the subject, we shall now let our Correspondent speak for himself, only premising, that we do not hold ourselves responsible for all he advances in the form of opinion:— We do not so much object to the remuneration agreed to be allowed to the constituents of the deputation, or the amount of it, from Port Phillip, as to the invidious distribution of it—whatever it amount to, and in some cases we are informed the amount will be considerable."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Thus to give a geometrical idea of the relation of the route of Messrs. Hume and Hovell, and that of Captain Sturt, the line of march of the former may be said to constitute the base line of a triangle, one side of which is formed by the route of Captain Sturt, the other by the line of coast to the southward, extending from Encounter Bay (in which is situate the embouchure of the Lake Alexandrina) , to Port Phillip: and, the whole contents of which triangle, a space of about 112, 500 square miles, consisting generally of an extremely fine country, intersected by numerous streams and rivers, are now by the conjoint labours of Messrs. Hovell and Hume, and of Captain Sturt, laid open to the public."

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]]> 144.8291259,-37.5986911 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Thus to give a geometrical idea of the relation of the route of Messrs. Hume and Hovell, and that of Captain Sturt, the line of march of the former may be said to constitute the base line of a triangle, one side of which is formed by the route of Captain Sturt, the other by the line of coast to the southward, extending from Encounter Bay (in which is situate the embouchure of the Lake Alexandrina) , to Port Phillip: and, the whole contents of which triangle, a space of about 112, 500 square miles, consisting generally of an extremely fine country, intersected by numerous streams and rivers, are now by the conjoint labours of Messrs. Hovell and Hume, and of Captain Sturt, laid open to the public."

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Government should be liberal, it is both unworthy and impolitic for them to be otherwise; rational enterprize should be encouraged, sic crescat Australia."

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]]> 138.5991147,-35.5692673 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Thus to give a geometrical idea of the relation of the route of Messrs. Hume and Hovell, and that of Captain Sturt, the line of march of the former may be said to constitute the base line of a triangle, one side of which is formed by the route of Captain Sturt, the other by the line of coast to the southward, extending from Encounter Bay (in which is situate the embouchure of the Lake Alexandrina) , to Port Phillip: and, the whole contents of which triangle, a space of about 112, 500 square miles, consisting generally of an extremely fine country, intersected by numerous streams and rivers, are now by the conjoint labours of Messrs. Hovell and Hume, and of Captain Sturt, laid open to the public."

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]]> 148.9083038,-34.8277755 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"But if we admit that the enterprising speculators who have adventured to pitch their tents at Port Phillip, have experienced no greater encouragement than what we consider their due, let us not overlook the two individuals who not only first revived our knowledge of that place, but who, for the first time, put us in possession of a complete knowledge of the entire tract of country, extending from that distant station uninterruptedly to our very stations at Yass, and even to Bathurst; who, in fact, opened to us a superlatively rich country, holding out an immeasurable extent of the best possible description of land, both for our graziers of every description, and our agriculturalists."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On this principle we agree that the reward proposed to be conferred on the Port Phillip deputation and their constituents, is not only defensible, but, in our opinion, proper, and we hail this instance of well"

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The gentlemen who lately came up to Sydney as a deputation of the Port Phillip claimants, would have performed a bootless errand, had they not previously secured the good will of the Secretary of State, whose despatches to the Governor left to His Excellency but a small discretion in the business."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"But if we admit that the enterprising speculators who have adventured to pitch their tents at Port Phillip, have experienced no greater encouragement than what we consider their due, let us not overlook the two individuals who not only first revived our knowledge of that place, but who, for the first time, put us in possession of a complete knowledge of the entire tract of country, extending from that distant station uninterruptedly to our very stations at Yass, and even to Bathurst; who, in fact, opened to us a superlatively rich country, holding out an immeasurable extent of the best possible description of land, both for our graziers of every description, and our agriculturalists."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The gentlemen who lately came up to Sydney as a deputation of the Port Phillip claimants, would have performed a bootless errand, had they not previously secured the good will of the Secretary of State, whose despatches to the Governor left to His Excellency but a small discretion in the business."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The following extract from the Spectator, of the 6th August, will be interesting to the Port Phillip adventurers."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 143.1224642,-33.742125 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"That so captious a temper should have been manifested towards a man who may be justly named the MUNGO PARK of Australia is "passing strange;" but— "Tis true, 'tis pity; And pity 'tis, 'tis true!""

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]]> -76.085227,40.1017643 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—A new colony has been planted on the South coast of New Holland, between the new Province of South Australia and the South-east corner of New South Wales."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—A new colony has been planted on the South coast of New Holland, between the new Province of South Australia and the South-east corner of New South Wales."

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]]> 136.2091547,-30.0002315 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—A new colony has been planted on the South coast of New Holland, between the new Province of South Australia and the South-east corner of New South Wales."

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]]> 151.2084553,-33.839367 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"If they desire to "rest in peace" upon their "usurped territory, " we would recommend them to create a few of the London Editors and Members of Parliament shareholders in their Company."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The place of settlement is called Philip Port."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The settlers consist of persons who have emigrated from Launceston, in Van Diemen's Land, whence Philip Port is distant about thirty hours' sail."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The settlers consist of persons who have emigrated from Launceston, in Van Diemen's Land, whence Philip Port is distant about thirty hours' sail."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In other parts of New South Wales, no waste or public land can be obtained without purchase; here it has been obtained by seizure in defiance of the law."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"They have taken possession of a great quantity of land, under pretended treaties with the natives; and hold the land in defiance of a proclamation by Sir RICHARD BOURKE, the Governor of New South Wales, who very justly treats them as invaders and usurpers of the territory subject to his government."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Though the government of New South Wales was unable to prevent this invasion of its territory, the government of Van Diemen's Land may easily have prevented the departure of the invading expedition."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is understood however, that this attack upon the laws and government of New South Wales was privately sanctioned by the Governor of Van Diemen's Land; whose own Nephew is one of the persons acting in defiance of the law of New South Wales and of Sir RICHARD BOURKE'S proclamation."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is understood however, that this attack upon the laws and government of New South Wales was privately sanctioned by the Governor of Van Diemen's Land; whose own Nephew is one of the persons acting in defiance of the law of New South Wales and of Sir RICHARD BOURKE'S proclamation."

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]]> 145.055099,-22.14197 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"March 29 - Arrived the cutter Caledonia, Symers, from Port Phillip."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Commercial Journal and Advertiser (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 4."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Chili, and Hetty, have sailed from Launceston with cargoes of sheep for Port"

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]]> 138.6007456,-34.9284989 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"During the past week, the Adelaide,"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"March 29 - Sailed the schooner Adelaide, for Port Philip, with 500 sheep."

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]]> 145.9377648,-30.0888375 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"barque Caledonia, upon the grounds of"

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"March 29 - Sailed the schooner Adelaide, for Port Philip, with 500 sheep."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"March 29 - Arrived the cutter Caledonia, Symers, from Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"March 29 - Sailed the schooner Enterprize, Hunter, for Port Philip."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sydney, 21st January, 1837."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Customs presuming, that Port Philip is"

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 4."

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Australia, The Honorable the Colonial Secretary."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 4."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"before the Council, the following Extract of a letter addressed to the Colonial Secretary by Major Mitchell, Surveyor General of New South Wales, dated Camp on the Murrumbidgee, 24th October, 1836, reporting the result of his late Exploring Expedition into the interior of the country viz : —"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I was not a little surprised to find on their approaching our party, these were our old adversaries from the Darling, at a distance of nearly two hundred miles from their usual haunts, and come across (as I was afterwards told ) to fight us."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At all events we could not have met them under less favourable circumstances ; for whereas, I intended to have avoided that part of the Darling where we had formerly seen these treacherous savages, we had them already about us on the very outset of my journey down the Murray, and near my depot."

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]]> 145.7578403,-34.6513496 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"before the Council, the following Extract of a letter addressed to the Colonial Secretary by Major Mitchell, Surveyor General of New South Wales, dated Camp on the Murrumbidgee, 24th October, 1836, reporting the result of his late Exploring Expedition into the interior of the country viz : —"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Numbers were shot in swimming across the Murray, and some even after they had reached the opposite shore, as they ascended the bank."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Thus, in a very short time, the usual silence of the desert prevailed on the banks of the Murray, and we pursued our journey unmolested."

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]]> 142.8795018,-34.5403238 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"When we left Lake Benanee, they followed us carrying bundles of spears, and after two days journey, the numbers in our rear amounted to about one hundred and eighty."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At all events we could not have met them under less favourable circumstances ; for whereas, I intended to have avoided that part of the Darling where we had formerly seen these treacherous savages, we had them already about us on the very outset of my journey down the Murray, and near my depot."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"That tribe afterwards moved abreast of our party as we proceeded up the Darling, but on the opposite bank, without venturing across. ""

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"travelled much slower than I wished, and from the conduct of a strong tribe at the junction of that river with the Murray, it was evident that the news had not reached them at the time we arrived there."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A few days after Major Mitchell's arrival in Sydney, the Colonial Secretary accordingly sent for him, and informed him that His Excellency's reasons for this omission, were to avoid prejudicing his case, and shocking the public here and in England by announcing the slaughter of so many human beings, without affording, at the same time, such an explanation as should most fully show the necessity of the measure, after all possible means had been taken to prevent it, that His Excellency fully expected that he would be able to give this explanation, and it would be proper to afford him an opportunity of doing so by instituting an enquiry before the Executive Council, when the persons who were present on the occasion had reached Sydney ; and that previously to this enquiry, it would be improper to publish such an account of the transaction as Major Mitchell's letter contains."

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A few days after Major Mitchell's arrival in Sydney, the Colonial Secretary accordingly sent for him, and informed him that His Excellency's reasons for this omission, were to avoid prejudicing his case, and shocking the public here and in England by announcing the slaughter of so many human beings, without affording, at the same time, such an explanation as should most fully show the necessity of the measure, after all possible means had been taken to prevent it, that His Excellency fully expected that he would be able to give this explanation, and it would be proper to afford him an opportunity of doing so by instituting an enquiry before the Executive Council, when the persons who were present on the occasion had reached Sydney ; and that previously to this enquiry, it would be improper to publish such an account of the transaction as Major Mitchell's letter contains."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A few days after Major Mitchell's arrival in Sydney, the Colonial Secretary accordingly sent for him, and informed him that His Excellency's reasons for this omission, were to avoid prejudicing his case, and shocking the public here and in England by announcing the slaughter of so many human beings, without affording, at the same time, such an explanation as should most fully show the necessity of the measure, after all possible means had been taken to prevent it, that His Excellency fully expected that he would be able to give this explanation, and it would be proper to afford him an opportunity of doing so by instituting an enquiry before the Executive Council, when the persons who were present on the occasion had reached Sydney ; and that previously to this enquiry, it would be improper to publish such an account of the transaction as Major Mitchell's letter contains."

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Australia, The Honorable the Colonial Secretary."

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Australia, The Honorable the Colonial Secretary."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"His Excellency then informed the Council, that the whole of Major Mitchell's party, employed upon the late expedition, having now arrived in Sydney he was desirous of proceeding to an enquiry into the matter in question, and of receiving their opinion and advice as to the measures which they may deem it necessary to adopt after the transaction shall have been fully investigated."

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]]> 142.848756,-34.51399500000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To the Council it seems that no sufficient efforts were made to conciliate the good will of the Natives who were met at Benanee for the first time, or to remove the angry feeling of those in whom the proceedings of the previous year had generated a spirit of animosity and revenge."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Had the Council to deal merely with the events which actually took place, as given in evidence, without reference to the design of drawing the Blacks after him, and then turning to attack them, which from his letter of the 24th October, the Surveyor General appears to have conceived when he left Benanee on the 25th of May, their duty in making this Report, and submitting their opinion on the case, would be comparatively easy."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This view of the relation in which the subjects of Great Britain stand towards the Natives of her Colonial Possessions formed the basis of the 13th Article of the instructions given by his Excellency the Governor for the regulation of this and the preceding expeditions."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From the conference at Benanee, if such it might be called, the Surveyor General appears to have retired, leaving it to be conducted by Piper the Aboriginal Black."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Governor further informed the Council, with reference to the Surveyor General's observations in the same paper, that his party consisted only of a few armed Convicts, that the selection of the persons who accompanied him was made by himself, and that soldiers having been offered to him for his first expedition to the Darling, he had declined taking them."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"With reference to the Memorandum of the Surveyor General, dated the 17th December, and laid by him before the Council, and that part of it in which he states that this Government was aware of the circumstances of the attack made by the Blacks on his party when on the Darling in the last year the Governor informed the Council that he knew little more of that occurrence than what is reported in the Surveyor General's letter of the 19th September, 1835."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By His Excellency Major General Sir Richard Bourke, K. C. B. , Captain General and Governor in Chief of the Territory of New South Wales and its Dependencies, and Vice-Admiral of the same, &c. &c. &c."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Surveyor General in his paper of the 17th instant, assigns a different motive, and in his letter of the 24th of October, he states it to have been his object on leaving Benanee to draw the Blacks after him for the purpose of attacking them."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Esquire, Surveyor General of New South Wales, &c. &c. &c. IT having been judged expedient by His Majesty's Government that an expedition should be undertaken for the purpose of exploring the course of the River Darling discovered by Captain Charles Sturt, of His Majesty's 39th Regiment, in the year 1829, to the estuary or junction with the Murray, I do hereby constitute and appoint you, reposing confidence in your zeal and ability for the accomplishment of such an undertaking, to command and to take charge of the said expedition, and direct that in the prosecution of this service you be guided by the following general instructions, namely:—"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—That you proceed by the most convenient route, and without the least unnecessary delay, to the south-west point of the River Darling, reached by Captain Sturt in the year 1829, and after having established a depot or otherwise as may seem to you most expedient, you proceed to explore the course of that river to the junction which it is supposed by Captain Sturt to form with the Murray, or if such should not be the case, to its estuary, wherever that may be."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Esquire, Surveyor General of New South Wales, &c. &c. &c. IT having been judged expedient by His Majesty's Government that an expedition should be undertaken for the purpose of exploring the course of the River Darling discovered by Captain Charles Sturt, of His Majesty's 39th Regiment, in the year 1829, to the estuary or junction with the Murray, I do hereby constitute and appoint you, reposing confidence in your zeal and ability for the accomplishment of such an undertaking, to command and to take charge of the said expedition, and direct that in the prosecution of this service you be guided by the following general instructions, namely:—"

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]]> 115.9467997,-32.6548919 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—That you proceed by the most convenient route, and without the least unnecessary delay, to the south-west point of the River Darling, reached by Captain Sturt in the year 1829, and after having established a depot or otherwise as may seem to you most expedient, you proceed to explore the course of that river to the junction which it is supposed by Captain Sturt to form with the Murray, or if such should not be the case, to its estuary, wherever that may be."

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]]> 115.9467997,-32.6548919 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, Esquire, Surveyor General of New South Wales, &c. &c. &c. IT having been judged expedient by His Majesty's Government that an expedition should be undertaken for the purpose of exploring the course of the River Darling discovered by Captain Charles Sturt, of His Majesty's 39th Regiment, in the year 1829, to the estuary or junction with the Murray, I do hereby constitute and appoint you, reposing confidence in your zeal and ability for the accomplishment of such an undertaking, to command and to take charge of the said expedition, and direct that in the prosecution of this service you be guided by the following general instructions, namely:—"

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—The principal object of His Majesty's Government in directing this expedition to be undertaken being to ascertain the course of the River Darling, you will deem this object to be the chief intention of your present appointment, and will allow nothing materially to interfere with it."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—That if from any unforeseen cause you should find it impracticable to navigate the Darling or trace its course by land, or that this river, like the Macquarie and Lachlan, should for a time be lost in marshes, you will still endeavor to accomplish the object of the expedition by proceeding in the direction which you may deem best calculated for meeting the course of the river flowing into the Murray, and supposed by Captain Sturt to be the Darling."

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]]> 115.9467997,-32.6548919 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—That if from any unforeseen cause you should find it impracticable to navigate the Darling or trace its course by land, or that this river, like the Macquarie and Lachlan, should for a time be lost in marshes, you will still endeavor to accomplish the object of the expedition by proceeding in the direction which you may deem best calculated for meeting the course of the river flowing into the Murray, and supposed by Captain Sturt to be the Darling."

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]]> 149.059018,-35.2477161 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—That if from any unforeseen cause you should find it impracticable to navigate the Darling or trace its course by land, or that this river, like the Macquarie and Lachlan, should for a time be lost in marshes, you will still endeavor to accomplish the object of the expedition by proceeding in the direction which you may deem best calculated for meeting the course of the river flowing into the Murray, and supposed by Captain Sturt to be the Darling."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—That if from any unforeseen cause you should find it impracticable to navigate the Darling or trace its course by land, or that this river, like the Macquarie and Lachlan, should for a time be lost in marshes, you will still endeavor to accomplish the object of the expedition by proceeding in the direction which you may deem best calculated for meeting the course of the river flowing into the Murray, and supposed by Captain Sturt to be the Darling."

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]]> 147.0426721,-42.8298209 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—That if from any unforeseen cause you should find it impracticable to navigate the Darling or trace its course by land, or that this river, like the Macquarie and Lachlan, should for a time be lost in marshes, you will still endeavor to accomplish the object of the expedition by proceeding in the direction which you may deem best calculated for meeting the course of the river flowing into the Murray, and supposed by Captain Sturt to be the Darling."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Having completed the service to which you are hereby appointed, or pursued its object as far as circumstances will permit, you will return to Sydney by the most convenient route."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—In conformity to the instructions of the Secretary of State for exploring expeditions, a copy of which has already been furnished to you, you will provide yourself with an Ephemeris of the year, a Sextant, an Azimuth Compass, an Artificial Horizon, and Chronometer set upon the meridian of Sydney, in order to take as frequently as possible, during your journey, Solar or Lunar Observations to determine the longitude and latitude of the places on your route, the calculations for which may be made on your return home, that the bearing of your route every time you alter your course (if only for half a mile) be accurately noted, with the distance pursued upon that course, and at night a computation made of the distance explored during the day, from first setting out in the morning to bivouacking at night, with the general bearing of the last place compared with that at starting."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Having reached that river, you will proceed down its stream to its junction with the Murray, and in returning will trace its course as far upwards as may be practicable, with the view of ascertaining whether it be a continuation of the Upper Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Having reached that river, you will proceed down its stream to its junction with the Murray, and in returning will trace its course as far upwards as may be practicable, with the view of ascertaining whether it be a continuation of the Upper Darling."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Bourke, Knight, Commander of the most Honourable Military Order of the Bath, Captain General and Governor-in-Chief of the Territory of New South Wales, &c. &c. &c. ,"

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]]> 151.2165708,-33.8641859 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"in the Botanical Garden."

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]]> 149.0776669,-35.3015854 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Given at Government House, Sydney, this"

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]]> 151.2131667,-33.8743446 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On the return of the expedition, all such specimens of the animal and mineral world, with the corresponding lists, are to be placed in the Australian Museum and the vegetable productions"

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Given at Government House, Sydney, this"

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Surveyor General of New South Wales,"

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]]> 115.9467997,-32.6548919 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It having been deemed proper that another expedition should be undertaken to complete the survey of the River Darling, from the south west point attained by you in the execution of your Instructions dated the 26th March, 1835, to its junction with the Murray, and to trace the course of the Murray upwards from the point where it receives the water of the Darling to its source, I do hereby constitute and appoint you to command and take charge of the same expedition, and direct that in the prosecution of this service,"

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It having been deemed proper that another expedition should be undertaken to complete the survey of the River Darling, from the south west point attained by you in the execution of your Instructions dated the 26th March, 1835, to its junction with the Murray, and to trace the course of the Murray upwards from the point where it receives the water of the Darling to its source, I do hereby constitute and appoint you to command and take charge of the same expedition, and direct that in the prosecution of this service,"

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—That you proceed in the first instance to the point on the Darling River at which you turned back on your last expedition, either by the route you have suggested in the memorandum laid before me dated 4th October last, a copy of which is hereunto annexed, or by any other route that may appear to you shorter or more convenient; and having attained that point with as much expedition as circumstances will permit, you are then to proceed to complete your survey of the River Darling to its junction with the Murray."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—That you proceed in the first instance to the point on the Darling River at which you turned back on your last expedition, either by the route you have suggested in the memorandum laid before me dated 4th October last, a copy of which is hereunto annexed, or by any other route that may appear to you shorter or more convenient; and having attained that point with as much expedition as circumstances will permit, you are then to proceed to complete your survey of the River Darling to its junction with the Murray."

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]]> 115.9467997,-32.6548919 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—That you proceed in the first instance to the point on the Darling River at which you turned back on your last expedition, either by the route you have suggested in the memorandum laid before me dated 4th October last, a copy of which is hereunto annexed, or by any other route that may appear to you shorter or more convenient; and having attained that point with as much expedition as circumstances will permit, you are then to proceed to complete your survey of the River Darling to its junction with the Murray."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—You will perceive by the foregoing Instructions that it is considered as fixed almost beyond a doubt, that the Darling flows from the point at which [you] lately left it, into the Murray, as supposed by Captain Sturt."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—If, as is expected, the Darling joins the Murray at or near the point indicated by Captain Sturt, you will from thence pass up the Murray to the point where it is joined by the Murrumbidgee, and from thence will continue to proceed up the Murray, either embarked on its water or travelling along its bank, as far as you may find it practicable and expedient."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—If, as is expected, the Darling joins the Murray at or near the point indicated by Captain Sturt, you will from thence pass up the Murray to the point where it is joined by the Murrumbidgee, and from thence will continue to proceed up the Murray, either embarked on its water or travelling along its bank, as far as you may find it practicable and expedient."

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]]> 148.9083038,-34.8277755 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"If in your course upwards you should meet with different streams flowing into that upon which you are embarked or along which you are travelling, you will follow that which you may deem to afford the most promising appearance, both as regards the facility of your progress and general objects of interest, bearing in mind that it is desirable you should return to the settled parts of this Colony by a route on the western side of the range of mountains named the Australian Alps, in Arrowsmith's Map published in 1832, entering the located parts of the Colony by Yass or at any more convenient point on the route now mentioned."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—If, as is expected, the Darling joins the Murray at or near the point indicated by Captain Sturt, you will from thence pass up the Murray to the point where it is joined by the Murrumbidgee, and from thence will continue to proceed up the Murray, either embarked on its water or travelling along its bank, as far as you may find it practicable and expedient."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"If in your course upwards you should meet with different streams flowing into that upon which you are embarked or along which you are travelling, you will follow that which you may deem to afford the most promising appearance, both as regards the facility of your progress and general objects of interest, bearing in mind that it is desirable you should return to the settled parts of this Colony by a route on the western side of the range of mountains named the Australian Alps, in Arrowsmith's Map published in 1832, entering the located parts of the Colony by Yass or at any more convenient point on the route now mentioned."

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]]> 145.7578403,-34.6513496 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—If, as is expected, the Darling joins the Murray at or near the point indicated by Captain Sturt, you will from thence pass up the Murray to the point where it is joined by the Murrumbidgee, and from thence will continue to proceed up the Murray, either embarked on its water or travelling along its bank, as far as you may find it practicable and expedient."

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]]> 115.9467997,-32.6548919 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—If, as is expected, the Darling joins the Murray at or near the point indicated by Captain Sturt, you will from thence pass up the Murray to the point where it is joined by the Murrumbidgee, and from thence will continue to proceed up the Murray, either embarked on its water or travelling along its bank, as far as you may find it practicable and expedient."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I would follow the route lately surveyed and marked westward from Buree to where it crosses Tandogo Creek (in latitude 32° 45' 30" S. , longitude 147° 53' E. ) , I would then continue the triangulation along the heights south of that point, and which extended westward as far as I could see, to and beyond Mount Granard, and under the parallel of 30° south, which parallel followed westward, may be considered the best general direction for approaching the unexplored part of the Darling, keeping the lagoons of the Lachlan close on the left, if water were scarce."

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]]> 149.0776669,-35.3015854 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Given at Government House, Sydney, this Eighth day of March, 1836."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Given at Government House, Sydney, this Eighth day of March, 1836."

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]]> -8.6606015,52.4243025 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I would follow the route lately surveyed and marked westward from Buree to where it crosses Tandogo Creek (in latitude 32° 45' 30" S. , longitude 147° 53' E. ) , I would then continue the triangulation along the heights south of that point, and which extended westward as far as I could see, to and beyond Mount Granard, and under the parallel of 30° south, which parallel followed westward, may be considered the best general direction for approaching the unexplored part of the Darling, keeping the lagoons of the Lachlan close on the left, if water were scarce."

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]]> -7.4982095,53.7777045 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I would follow the route lately surveyed and marked westward from Buree to where it crosses Tandogo Creek (in latitude 32° 45' 30" S. , longitude 147° 53' E. ) , I would then continue the triangulation along the heights south of that point, and which extended westward as far as I could see, to and beyond Mount Granard, and under the parallel of 30° south, which parallel followed westward, may be considered the best general direction for approaching the unexplored part of the Darling, keeping the lagoons of the Lachlan close on the left, if water were scarce."

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]]> 147.0426721,-42.8298209 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I would follow the route lately surveyed and marked westward from Buree to where it crosses Tandogo Creek (in latitude 32° 45' 30" S. , longitude 147° 53' E. ) , I would then continue the triangulation along the heights south of that point, and which extended westward as far as I could see, to and beyond Mount Granard, and under the parallel of 30° south, which parallel followed westward, may be considered the best general direction for approaching the unexplored part of the Darling, keeping the lagoons of the Lachlan close on the left, if water were scarce."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sydney, 4th October, 1835."

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]]> 115.9467997,-32.6548919 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—At daybreak of that morning I think I saw them taking their gins across the stream which comes out of the lake; I saw them burning bushes in the morning; I saw some of the blacks coming towards the camp; I saw an old man very near the camp; I was one of the party ordered by Major Mitchell to go forward steadily in line; we had positive orders from him to hold up our arms to show them but not to fire; we advanced until the natives entirely disappeared in the bush; we were out of sight of the camp; we returned as ordered when the bugle sounded; after that the men had time to take their breakfasts and pack up; I do not think we could have had peace to take our breakfasts and pack up unless the natives had been forced away; the natives went one way, the party travelled another; we made the River Murray in about three miles; we saw some natives there; I think they were the same party we forced back; we had heard them following in the wood before we made the Murray; we made a long journey that day to avoid them; that was the object; we knew that the Major was anxious to get away from them; the party had watches every night, men out watching bullocks; the men had sometimes to go one, two, three, or four miles from the camp, every night, to watch the bullocks; I have known that spears were thrown from the bush where no natives appeared, at three or four men who were employed in disentangling a bullock from a tree; that was the only time I have seen spears heaved by the natives; I saw this myself; this transaction occurred during the former expedition; I think that upon the 27th of May last, there must have been between two and three hundred native men, all armed with spears; the number at the camp at Benanee, when we first met them, was only about ninety."

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]]> 143.7620269497911,-35.40926030372019 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—At daybreak of that morning I think I saw them taking their gins across the stream which comes out of the lake; I saw them burning bushes in the morning; I saw some of the blacks coming towards the camp; I saw an old man very near the camp; I was one of the party ordered by Major Mitchell to go forward steadily in line; we had positive orders from him to hold up our arms to show them but not to fire; we advanced until the natives entirely disappeared in the bush; we were out of sight of the camp; we returned as ordered when the bugle sounded; after that the men had time to take their breakfasts and pack up; I do not think we could have had peace to take our breakfasts and pack up unless the natives had been forced away; the natives went one way, the party travelled another; we made the River Murray in about three miles; we saw some natives there; I think they were the same party we forced back; we had heard them following in the wood before we made the Murray; we made a long journey that day to avoid them; that was the object; we knew that the Major was anxious to get away from them; the party had watches every night, men out watching bullocks; the men had sometimes to go one, two, three, or four miles from the camp, every night, to watch the bullocks; I have known that spears were thrown from the bush where no natives appeared, at three or four men who were employed in disentangling a bullock from a tree; that was the only time I have seen spears heaved by the natives; I saw this myself; this transaction occurred during the former expedition; I think that upon the 27th of May last, there must have been between two and three hundred native men, all armed with spears; the number at the camp at Benanee, when we first met them, was only about ninety."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I was an overseer of the late exploring party under the Surveyor-General; I was with them on the 27th of May last; it was about that time the conflict took place between the party and the natives; I do not recollect the precise day; the natives had followed us for two days, and Major Mitchell gave me instructions to take half of the men and stop in the bush; the other half with Major Mitchell was to go on; we were to let the blacks pass us, and then come in behind them, not to fire at any of them until we heard or saw the party under the Major fire; the blacks had a native dog with them that noticed us in the bush; when they saw us they drew into a body, and they were beginning to draw down the bank towards the river, when one of the men of my party fired a shot at them, the blacks all took the river and were going to the other side; while they were crossing the river we fired, then we never saw any more of them; there were seven men of my party besides myself; they were all armed, each with a carbine; the man whom I stated to have fired first, did so before any of the Major's party fired, and without any orders from me; the man's name is Charles King; a good many of these blacks, five or six of them, I had seen before on the Darling, on the former expedition; King had also been on the former expedition; the blacks retired immediately after the first shot was fired; the shot made them run away; they were all men, and had every one of them bunches of ten or fifteen spears; this was the third day of their following us and they were getting more and more numerous; I think if we had delayed firing upon them another hour or two, they would have speared us; after the first shot was fired, I gave orders to the rest of the party to fire; I cannot tell how many of the blacks were killed; I did not see any dead blacks—nor any wounded; they continued diving and therefore we only saw them now and again; the river was, I believe, about one hundred and thirty or one hundred and forty yards broad; there were some shots fired just as they were leaving the water, but they soon disappeared among the reeds which grew upon the banks; I dare say there might have been seventy or eighty shots fired—that includes the shots fired by both parties; they had bunches of spears, and continued to follow us, and watch our motions, at a considerable distance, keeping the party in sight; the four first whom I saw of that party had their spears shipped in their hands, but they did not heave them; they made a threatening motion, as if they meant to throw them at the party; it was my persuasion they would throw them; the men were beginning to be very frightened, and had not undressed themselves for two nights; it was from fear of the natives that they did not undress; I am satisfied that this was the same tribe I had seen the year before, on the Darling; I knew four or five, there might be six, whom I had seen the year before, and knew again; I do not know how far it was from the place we met them the year before, but I think it was a considerable distance; there were three blacks told Piper, a native who accompanied us from Bathurst, and Piper told me that they heard of the party coming again, and came over to fight us; I was not down at the river where the firing took place during the former expedition; I was at the camp, about half a mile distant; I saw, however, the tribe, several times, so as to be satisfied that four or five of them were the same; there was one on the journey before who came up in a very impudent way—took up handfuls of clay and heaved it at us."

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]]> 142.848756,-34.51399500000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—At daybreak of that morning I think I saw them taking their gins across the stream which comes out of the lake; I saw them burning bushes in the morning; I saw some of the blacks coming towards the camp; I saw an old man very near the camp; I was one of the party ordered by Major Mitchell to go forward steadily in line; we had positive orders from him to hold up our arms to show them but not to fire; we advanced until the natives entirely disappeared in the bush; we were out of sight of the camp; we returned as ordered when the bugle sounded; after that the men had time to take their breakfasts and pack up; I do not think we could have had peace to take our breakfasts and pack up unless the natives had been forced away; the natives went one way, the party travelled another; we made the River Murray in about three miles; we saw some natives there; I think they were the same party we forced back; we had heard them following in the wood before we made the Murray; we made a long journey that day to avoid them; that was the object; we knew that the Major was anxious to get away from them; the party had watches every night, men out watching bullocks; the men had sometimes to go one, two, three, or four miles from the camp, every night, to watch the bullocks; I have known that spears were thrown from the bush where no natives appeared, at three or four men who were employed in disentangling a bullock from a tree; that was the only time I have seen spears heaved by the natives; I saw this myself; this transaction occurred during the former expedition; I think that upon the 27th of May last, there must have been between two and three hundred native men, all armed with spears; the number at the camp at Benanee, when we first met them, was only about ninety."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I went with Major Mitchell on his late exploring expedition; I remember the evening when we encamped on the lake and saw the blacks; they were natives who were wanting to have a fight or a row apparently; they were more like the natives of Melville Island than any he had seen before; they wanted to get us away from the camp, and they lit their fires immediately round about us which shewed that they were not friendly; I heard Piper mention that one of the gins told him the blacks meant to attack the party; we were on guard two hours before sun-down, as we were all apprehensive of being attacked; both Piper and the other black boy told us so; we had extra watches that night, four instead of two; there must have been upwards of 120 blacks near the camp that evening; the blacks had come from the lake; they followed us about an hour before we encamped; there was one said that he had come from the Darling, and picked out two or three of the men whom he had seen before on the former expedition; their names are Charles King, William Woods, and John Palmer."

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]]> 115.9467997,-32.6548919 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We saw the natives early the next day, after leaving the camp about a mile, making their appearance towards us; we encamped the second night in a large scrub about 20 miles from where we did so the night before; I heard it said in the camp that the Major had ordered this with a view of avoiding the blacks; we saw nothing of them during that night nor during the march next day, and we encamped early that day on the Murray, being in want of water for the cattle; four or five blacks came to us there in the afternoon; we proceeded from there about eight o'clock next morning; I was a little behind that morning with Roach, the bird-stuffer, when the natives came on the camping ground; they were in great numbers, more than we had seen before; Major Mitchell sent word for us to join the party immediately, the blacks were loaded with spears and kept coming close up to us, trying to get into the scrub and between the bank of the river and our party, threatening us and making a great noise; this continued for about half-an-hour before the Major divided the party in two; they were getting close to us at this time, I saw no spears thrown by the natives; when the party was divided I remained with Major Mitchell, we went just over a hill a few chains on, in order that the natives might not discern that the party had been divided; I heard Major Mitchell say to Burnett's party, that they were not to fire until he could ascertain what was the disposition of the natives towards us, as he did not wish to kill any of them; shortly after going over the hill I heard a shot, and we went towards Burnett's party towards the river where the natives were, and I saw a great number of the natives in the river; they were all in the river by the time we got down the bank; Burnett's party was shooting at the natives when we came up, and we also immediately commenced firing; I do not think it was above two minutes and a half from the time I heard the first shot until we reached the river; I did not wait for any orders to fire when I saw the others firing, for I thought there were other natives round us; the two parties when they crossed the river were mixed together; I do not think that the firing lasted altogether above four or five minutes; I fired three rounds myself, some of them said they fired five or six; some of the natives were either shot or drowned no doubt; the current was so strong that we could not discern with precision; they swam very low with only their faces out of the water; I saw an opossum-skin cloak floating in the eddy of the river; there was a man in it"

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]]> 131.0394028,-11.523543 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I went with Major Mitchell on his late exploring expedition; I remember the evening when we encamped on the lake and saw the blacks; they were natives who were wanting to have a fight or a row apparently; they were more like the natives of Melville Island than any he had seen before; they wanted to get us away from the camp, and they lit their fires immediately round about us which shewed that they were not friendly; I heard Piper mention that one of the gins told him the blacks meant to attack the party; we were on guard two hours before sun-down, as we were all apprehensive of being attacked; both Piper and the other black boy told us so; we had extra watches that night, four instead of two; there must have been upwards of 120 blacks near the camp that evening; the blacks had come from the lake; they followed us about an hour before we encamped; there was one said that he had come from the Darling, and picked out two or three of the men whom he had seen before on the former expedition; their names are Charles King, William Woods, and John Palmer."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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]]> -4.1589657,55.8775677 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Craigend, December 17th, 1836"

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"You will, I am sure, concur with me cordially in reprobating the practical consequences which in so many regions of the globe have been enforced and palliated, if not directly justified, by similar reproaches cast indiscriminately on the uncivilized men with whom the natives of Europe, or their descendants, have been brought into contact."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The general principles by which the British policy towards the Aborigines of Southern Africa should be governed, are obvious, and beyond the reach of doubt."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"but he afterwards disappeared; I think there was one native shot or wounded on the opposite bank of the river; I saw one fall back into the river; I was under an apprehension that the natives would attack us, I was never under greater apprehensions from natives; I was at Melville Island when Mr. Green and Mr. Gould were murdered by the natives; I only left Mr. Green about 20 minutes before he was killed; I thought I never saw the natives so hostilely inclined; I thought they meant to attack us on the 27th of May; I have had great experience among natives."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 4."

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]]> 142.848756,-34.51399500000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We were encamped near a Lake named Benanee, the second evening after leaving Mr. Stapleton's first depot."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Towards sundown several natives appeared on our track—on "Piper's" questioning them, they said they were messengers going to the Darling, and that they had no connection with those we had left at Benanee; the Major also spoke kindly to them, and they encamped on the bank of the river; this was the night before the 27th."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 4."

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]]> 142.848756,-34.51399500000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The men were much harassed by the Blacks from Benanee up to the place where the firing took place; they were nearly worn out from watching and fatigue; they were under great apprehension of being attacked by the Blacks; had it not been for Major Mitchell's orders we would have fired on them before that; when they were hanging on our rear on the morning of the 27th, making a great noise, they were about two hundred yards distant; there must have been between two or three hundred Natives that followed in our rear, and crossed the river; they were all able bodied men, armed with spears, at Benanee I do not think they exceeded one hundred; I was under a persuasion on the morning of the 27th that they were likely to attack us."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I accompanied Major Mitchell on his late expedition from Bathurst; I was with him at Benanee; I remember that place; I saw the Blacks there; some of them told me that they had seen the Major before on the Darling River, and had killed a working bullock he had left behind him; they wanted to fight the Major, that they might get the tomahawks, tobacco, and all that belonged to him; they told me so; the Blacks had a great many spears with them, and said to me and my gin, they wanted to kill the Major, but I would not let them; the Darling Blacks had come to Benanee; there was a small party belonging to Benanee, but the main body had come from the Darling; they said they would kill the Major, and all the party when they were asleep at night; they were to kill me too; I told this generally amongst the men; the Blacks made a fire all round the camp; they came with the intention of killing the Major, because one of their tribe had been killed by the party on the former expedition; a boy told me afterwards, on returning from the Darling, that seven of the Blacks were killed, and four wounded; the Blacks meant to have killed some of the party the same night, as well as some of the bullocks; one of them seeing that we had the light carts only, asked where we had left the drays, but I would not tell them."

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]]> 142.848756,-34.51399500000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Four watchmen had been appointed for each night since we left Benanee, Richardson and myself took the first watch; about the middle of the night on going down to the river we found that four more blacks had joined the messengers."

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]]> 142.848756,-34.51399500000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I accompanied Major Mitchell on his late expedition from Bathurst; I was with him at Benanee; I remember that place; I saw the Blacks there; some of them told me that they had seen the Major before on the Darling River, and had killed a working bullock he had left behind him; they wanted to fight the Major, that they might get the tomahawks, tobacco, and all that belonged to him; they told me so; the Blacks had a great many spears with them, and said to me and my gin, they wanted to kill the Major, but I would not let them; the Darling Blacks had come to Benanee; there was a small party belonging to Benanee, but the main body had come from the Darling; they said they would kill the Major, and all the party when they were asleep at night; they were to kill me too; I told this generally amongst the men; the Blacks made a fire all round the camp; they came with the intention of killing the Major, because one of their tribe had been killed by the party on the former expedition; a boy told me afterwards, on returning from the Darling, that seven of the Blacks were killed, and four wounded; the Blacks meant to have killed some of the party the same night, as well as some of the bullocks; one of them seeing that we had the light carts only, asked where we had left the drays, but I would not tell them."

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]]> 142.848756,-34.51399500000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The men were much harassed by the Blacks from Benanee up to the place where the firing took place; they were nearly worn out from watching and fatigue; they were under great apprehension of being attacked by the Blacks; had it not been for Major Mitchell's orders we would have fired on them before that; when they were hanging on our rear on the morning of the 27th, making a great noise, they were about two hundred yards distant; there must have been between two or three hundred Natives that followed in our rear, and crossed the river; they were all able bodied men, armed with spears, at Benanee I do not think they exceeded one hundred; I was under a persuasion on the morning of the 27th that they were likely to attack us."

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]]> 142.848756,-34.51399500000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I accompanied Major Mitchell on his late expedition from Bathurst; I was with him at Benanee; I remember that place; I saw the Blacks there; some of them told me that they had seen the Major before on the Darling River, and had killed a working bullock he had left behind him; they wanted to fight the Major, that they might get the tomahawks, tobacco, and all that belonged to him; they told me so; the Blacks had a great many spears with them, and said to me and my gin, they wanted to kill the Major, but I would not let them; the Darling Blacks had come to Benanee; there was a small party belonging to Benanee, but the main body had come from the Darling; they said they would kill the Major, and all the party when they were asleep at night; they were to kill me too; I told this generally amongst the men; the Blacks made a fire all round the camp; they came with the intention of killing the Major, because one of their tribe had been killed by the party on the former expedition; a boy told me afterwards, on returning from the Darling, that seven of the Blacks were killed, and four wounded; the Blacks meant to have killed some of the party the same night, as well as some of the bullocks; one of them seeing that we had the light carts only, asked where we had left the drays, but I would not tell them."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I accompanied Major Mitchell on his late expedition from Bathurst; I was with him at Benanee; I remember that place; I saw the Blacks there; some of them told me that they had seen the Major before on the Darling River, and had killed a working bullock he had left behind him; they wanted to fight the Major, that they might get the tomahawks, tobacco, and all that belonged to him; they told me so; the Blacks had a great many spears with them, and said to me and my gin, they wanted to kill the Major, but I would not let them; the Darling Blacks had come to Benanee; there was a small party belonging to Benanee, but the main body had come from the Darling; they said they would kill the Major, and all the party when they were asleep at night; they were to kill me too; I told this generally amongst the men; the Blacks made a fire all round the camp; they came with the intention of killing the Major, because one of their tribe had been killed by the party on the former expedition; a boy told me afterwards, on returning from the Darling, that seven of the Blacks were killed, and four wounded; the Blacks meant to have killed some of the party the same night, as well as some of the bullocks; one of them seeing that we had the light carts only, asked where we had left the drays, but I would not tell them."

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]]> 131.0394028,-11.523543 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I went with Major Mitchell on his late exploring expedition; I remember the evening when we encamped on the lake and saw the Blacks; they were Natives who were wanting to have a fight or a row apparently; they were more like the Natives of Melville Island than any I had seen before; they wanted to get us away from the camp, and they lit their fires immediate round about us, which shewed that they were not friendly; I heard Piper mention that one of the gins had told him the Blacks meant to attack the party; we were on our guard two hours before sun-down, as we were all apprehensive of being attacked; both Piper and the other Black boy told us so; we had extra watches the night, four instead of two; there must have been upwards of 120 blacks near the camp that evening; the Blacks had come from the lake; they followed us about an hour before we encamped; there was one said he had come from the Darling, and picked out two or three of the men whom he had seen before on the former expedition; their names are Charles King, William Woods, and John Palmer; we saw the Natives the next day after leaving the camp about a mile, making their appearance towards us; we encamped the second night in a large scrub about 20 miles from where we did so the night before; I heard it said in the camp that the Major had ordered this with a view of avoiding the Blacks; we saw nothing of them during that night, nor during the march next day; and we encamped early that day on the Murray, being in want of water for the cattle; four or five Blacks came to us there in the afternoon; we proceeded from there about eight o'clock next morning; I was a little behind that morning with Roach the bird-stuffer, when the Natives came on the camping ground; they were in great numbers, more than we had seen before; Major Mitchell sent word for us to join the party immediately; the Blacks were loaded with spears, and kept coming close up to us, trying to get into the scrub, and between the bank of the river and our party, threatening us, and making a great noise; this continued for about half an hour before the Major divided the party in two; they were getting close to us at this time; I saw no spears thrown by the Natives; when the party was divided I remained with Major Mitchell; we went just over a rising hill a few chains on, in order that the Natives might not discern that the party had been divided; I heard Major Mitchell say to Burnett's party that they were not to fire until he could ascertain what was the disposition of the Natives towards us, as he did not wish to kill any of them; shortly after going over the hill, I heard a shot, and we went towards Burnett's party towards the river where the Natives were, and I saw a great number of the Natives in the river, they were all in the river by the time we got down to the bank; Burnett's party was shooting at the Natives when we came up, and we also immediately commenced firing; I do not think it was above two minutes and a half from the time I heard the first shot until we reached the river; I did not wait for any orders to fire when I saw the others firing, for I thought there were other Natives round us; the two parties when they reached the river were mixed together; I do not think that the firing lasted altogether above four or five minutes; I fired three rounds myself; some of them said they fired five or six; some of the Natives were either shot or drowned no doubt; the current was so strong we could not discern with precision; they swam very low with only their faces out of the water; I saw an opossum skin cloak floating in the eddy of the river; there was a man in it"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I accompanied Major Mitchell on his late expedition from Bathurst; I was with him at Benanee; I remember that place; I saw the Blacks there; some of them told me that they had seen the Major before on the Darling River, and had killed a working bullock he had left behind him; they wanted to fight the Major, that they might get the tomahawks, tobacco, and all that belonged to him; they told me so; the Blacks had a great many spears with them, and said to me and my gin, they wanted to kill the Major, but I would not let them; the Darling Blacks had come to Benanee; there was a small party belonging to Benanee, but the main body had come from the Darling; they said they would kill the Major, and all the party when they were asleep at night; they were to kill me too; I told this generally amongst the men; the Blacks made a fire all round the camp; they came with the intention of killing the Major, because one of their tribe had been killed by the party on the former expedition; a boy told me afterwards, on returning from the Darling, that seven of the Blacks were killed, and four wounded; the Blacks meant to have killed some of the party the same night, as well as some of the bullocks; one of them seeing that we had the light carts only, asked where we had left the drays, but I would not tell them."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I accompanied Major Mitchell on his late expedition from Bathurst; I was with him at Benanee; I remember that place; I saw the Blacks there; some of them told me that they had seen the Major before on the Darling River, and had killed a working bullock he had left behind him; they wanted to fight the Major, that they might get the tomahawks, tobacco, and all that belonged to him; they told me so; the Blacks had a great many spears with them, and said to me and my gin, they wanted to kill the Major, but I would not let them; the Darling Blacks had come to Benanee; there was a small party belonging to Benanee, but the main body had come from the Darling; they said they would kill the Major, and all the party when they were asleep at night; they were to kill me too; I told this generally amongst the men; the Blacks made a fire all round the camp; they came with the intention of killing the Major, because one of their tribe had been killed by the party on the former expedition; a boy told me afterwards, on returning from the Darling, that seven of the Blacks were killed, and four wounded; the Blacks meant to have killed some of the party the same night, as well as some of the bullocks; one of them seeing that we had the light carts only, asked where we had left the drays, but I would not tell them."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"but he afterwards disappeared; I think there was one Native shot or wounded on the opposite bank of the river; I saw one fall back into the river; I was under an impression that the Natives would attack us; I was never under greater apprehensions from Natives; I was at Melville Island when Mr. Green and Mr. Gould were murdered by the Natives; I only left Mr. Green about twenty minutes before he was killed; I thought I never saw the Natives so hostilely inclined; I thought they meant to attack us on the 27th of May; I have had great experience among Natives."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I went with Major Mitchell on his late exploring expedition; I remember the evening when we encamped on the lake and saw the Blacks; they were Natives who were wanting to have a fight or a row apparently; they were more like the Natives of Melville Island than any I had seen before; they wanted to get us away from the camp, and they lit their fires immediate round about us, which shewed that they were not friendly; I heard Piper mention that one of the gins had told him the Blacks meant to attack the party; we were on our guard two hours before sun-down, as we were all apprehensive of being attacked; both Piper and the other Black boy told us so; we had extra watches the night, four instead of two; there must have been upwards of 120 blacks near the camp that evening; the Blacks had come from the lake; they followed us about an hour before we encamped; there was one said he had come from the Darling, and picked out two or three of the men whom he had seen before on the former expedition; their names are Charles King, William Woods, and John Palmer; we saw the Natives the next day after leaving the camp about a mile, making their appearance towards us; we encamped the second night in a large scrub about 20 miles from where we did so the night before; I heard it said in the camp that the Major had ordered this with a view of avoiding the Blacks; we saw nothing of them during that night, nor during the march next day; and we encamped early that day on the Murray, being in want of water for the cattle; four or five Blacks came to us there in the afternoon; we proceeded from there about eight o'clock next morning; I was a little behind that morning with Roach the bird-stuffer, when the Natives came on the camping ground; they were in great numbers, more than we had seen before; Major Mitchell sent word for us to join the party immediately; the Blacks were loaded with spears, and kept coming close up to us, trying to get into the scrub, and between the bank of the river and our party, threatening us, and making a great noise; this continued for about half an hour before the Major divided the party in two; they were getting close to us at this time; I saw no spears thrown by the Natives; when the party was divided I remained with Major Mitchell; we went just over a rising hill a few chains on, in order that the Natives might not discern that the party had been divided; I heard Major Mitchell say to Burnett's party that they were not to fire until he could ascertain what was the disposition of the Natives towards us, as he did not wish to kill any of them; shortly after going over the hill, I heard a shot, and we went towards Burnett's party towards the river where the Natives were, and I saw a great number of the Natives in the river, they were all in the river by the time we got down to the bank; Burnett's party was shooting at the Natives when we came up, and we also immediately commenced firing; I do not think it was above two minutes and a half from the time I heard the first shot until we reached the river; I did not wait for any orders to fire when I saw the others firing, for I thought there were other Natives round us; the two parties when they reached the river were mixed together; I do not think that the firing lasted altogether above four or five minutes; I fired three rounds myself; some of them said they fired five or six; some of the Natives were either shot or drowned no doubt; the current was so strong we could not discern with precision; they swam very low with only their faces out of the water; I saw an opossum skin cloak floating in the eddy of the river; there was a man in it"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I went with Major Mitchell on his late exploring expedition; I remember the evening when we encamped on the lake and saw the Blacks; they were Natives who were wanting to have a fight or a row apparently; they were more like the Natives of Melville Island than any I had seen before; they wanted to get us away from the camp, and they lit their fires immediate round about us, which shewed that they were not friendly; I heard Piper mention that one of the gins had told him the Blacks meant to attack the party; we were on our guard two hours before sun-down, as we were all apprehensive of being attacked; both Piper and the other Black boy told us so; we had extra watches the night, four instead of two; there must have been upwards of 120 blacks near the camp that evening; the Blacks had come from the lake; they followed us about an hour before we encamped; there was one said he had come from the Darling, and picked out two or three of the men whom he had seen before on the former expedition; their names are Charles King, William Woods, and John Palmer; we saw the Natives the next day after leaving the camp about a mile, making their appearance towards us; we encamped the second night in a large scrub about 20 miles from where we did so the night before; I heard it said in the camp that the Major had ordered this with a view of avoiding the Blacks; we saw nothing of them during that night, nor during the march next day; and we encamped early that day on the Murray, being in want of water for the cattle; four or five Blacks came to us there in the afternoon; we proceeded from there about eight o'clock next morning; I was a little behind that morning with Roach the bird-stuffer, when the Natives came on the camping ground; they were in great numbers, more than we had seen before; Major Mitchell sent word for us to join the party immediately; the Blacks were loaded with spears, and kept coming close up to us, trying to get into the scrub, and between the bank of the river and our party, threatening us, and making a great noise; this continued for about half an hour before the Major divided the party in two; they were getting close to us at this time; I saw no spears thrown by the Natives; when the party was divided I remained with Major Mitchell; we went just over a rising hill a few chains on, in order that the Natives might not discern that the party had been divided; I heard Major Mitchell say to Burnett's party that they were not to fire until he could ascertain what was the disposition of the Natives towards us, as he did not wish to kill any of them; shortly after going over the hill, I heard a shot, and we went towards Burnett's party towards the river where the Natives were, and I saw a great number of the Natives in the river, they were all in the river by the time we got down to the bank; Burnett's party was shooting at the Natives when we came up, and we also immediately commenced firing; I do not think it was above two minutes and a half from the time I heard the first shot until we reached the river; I did not wait for any orders to fire when I saw the others firing, for I thought there were other Natives round us; the two parties when they reached the river were mixed together; I do not think that the firing lasted altogether above four or five minutes; I fired three rounds myself; some of them said they fired five or six; some of the Natives were either shot or drowned no doubt; the current was so strong we could not discern with precision; they swam very low with only their faces out of the water; I saw an opossum skin cloak floating in the eddy of the river; there was a man in it"

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"with me, chased a good many at the same time into the river with a fixed bayonet and commenced firing at them; I suppose that this was the cause of the natives of the Darling entertaining a hostile feeling towards me, and I was afterwards told by Piper that one of the Darling natives said he would be revenged for the loss of his brother."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"with me, chased a good many at the same time into the river with a fixed bayonet and commenced firing at them; I suppose that this was the cause of the natives of the Darling entertaining a hostile feeling towards me, and I was afterwards told by Piper that one of the Darling natives said he would be revenged for the loss of his brother."

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"My last despatch dated 24th October, was written with reference to my account of the former expedi-tion, as submitted in my despatch of 19th September, 1835; wherein I stated that the conduct of the natives on the Darling was such as to render it unsafe for me to proceed further on the survey of"

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"Having been nevertheless ordered to proceed again to the same part of the River Darling whence I had already retired, chiefly on account of the hostility of the natives, and the drought still con-tinuing, my route was confined to the banks of large rivers, and I was met by the same tribe while still distant about two hundred miles from the scene of the former attack."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To advance them up the Darling towards the haunts of these savages (the only practicable line at that time) was to shorten their line of operations and lengthen my own, while the hostile tribe was likely to be joined by many others during our progress along the banks of the Murray and the Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To advance them up the Darling towards the haunts of these savages (the only practicable line at that time) was to shorten their line of operations and lengthen my own, while the hostile tribe was likely to be joined by many others during our progress along the banks of the Murray and the Darling."

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"My party this year on the Murray was composed of the same men, and even there the same natives had met us, having come so far, as we had been told, to fight us."

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"On the evening of the 26th, a few natives approached our camp, and asked Piper why I had not attacked the strange tribes from the Darling, who had come so far to fight us?"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"They stated that another division of the tribe was before us and that the Chief was the very man who had endeavoured to kill some white man, a long while before, had passed down the Midewa (or Murray, ) in boats."

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"Their desire so to as-semble various tribes, when mischievously disposed towards us, was conspicuous on the Darling when they commenced the war, by laying in wait for and assailing a watering party of two men."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To advance them up the Darling towards the haunts of these savages (the only practicable line at that time) was to shorten their line of operations and lengthen my own, while the hostile tribe was likely to be joined by many others during our progress along the banks of the Murray and the Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Craigend 17th December, 1836."

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"—the knowledge of their having actually travelled a distance of about two hundred miles, with declared hostile intentions to meet us, their pertinaciously contemptuous bearing in our presence, as displayed in their gestures, and by their subsequently approaching our party, by firing the bush, and following us armed, and hanging on our rear with perpetual shouting and war-cries; a knowledge further corroborated by the experience both of myself, and of numerous distinguished, benevolent, and sensible men, such as several Governors of this Colony, and especially Governor Macquarie in the Carnanbigal war, numerous respectable individuals in the Hunter, Mr. Lowe the Magistrate of Bringelly, and his party, acknowledge that instances of necessary chastisement have occurred with the Aborigines, wherever the colonization of New Holland has hitherto extended, and if such extreme measures had often been found justifiable or necessary, even to ensure safety on the borders of a Colony, and by means of soldiers, I may be permitted to ask how much more critical was my position when sent into the heart of a savage region, far out of reach of all support, and with a few armed convicts as my only means of defence?"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—the knowledge of their having actually travelled a distance of about two hundred miles, with declared hostile intentions to meet us, their pertinaciously contemptuous bearing in our presence, as displayed in their gestures, and by their subsequently approaching our party, by firing the bush, and following us armed, and hanging on our rear with perpetual shouting and war-cries; a knowledge further corroborated by the experience both of myself, and of numerous distinguished, benevolent, and sensible men, such as several Governors of this Colony, and especially Governor Macquarie in the Carnanbigal war, numerous respectable individuals in the Hunter, Mr. Lowe the Magistrate of Bringelly, and his party, acknowledge that instances of necessary chastisement have occurred with the Aborigines, wherever the colonization of New Holland has hitherto extended, and if such extreme measures had often been found justifiable or necessary, even to ensure safety on the borders of a Colony, and by means of soldiers, I may be permitted to ask how much more critical was my position when sent into the heart of a savage region, far out of reach of all support, and with a few armed convicts as my only means of defence?"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Lake Stapylton, May 22, 1836."

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"should come there, as I expected they would every minute; when we all got on the bank we went towards home; in a few minutes afterwards we saw the natives coming running down the other bank of the river, and they gave a "cooey" when they saw us; we answered them; they stood and looked for a minute or two and then ran away; we did not see them again that day, nor did I see them afterwards until at Benanee during the last expedition; I did not know them exactly when I first saw them; several of them came round me and pointed at me, talking amongst themselves; Piper the blackfellow told me that they knew me the year before on the Darling, and about the fight I had with them down about the river; he took me over to two or three of them whom I then recollected having seen; one of them had been terribly burnt right across the breast; they began to come in nines and tens very fast round the tents from all directions; they began to get very numerous, and"

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"Sir—To-morrow morning I am to proceed with a light party for the purpose of completing my former survey of the river Darling, according to the Governor's instructions."

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"should come there, as I expected they would every minute; when we all got on the bank we went towards home; in a few minutes afterwards we saw the natives coming running down the other bank of the river, and they gave a "cooey" when they saw us; we answered them; they stood and looked for a minute or two and then ran away; we did not see them again that day, nor did I see them afterwards until at Benanee during the last expedition; I did not know them exactly when I first saw them; several of them came round me and pointed at me, talking amongst themselves; Piper the blackfellow told me that they knew me the year before on the Darling, and about the fight I had with them down about the river; he took me over to two or three of them whom I then recollected having seen; one of them had been terribly burnt right across the breast; they began to come in nines and tens very fast round the tents from all directions; they began to get very numerous, and"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"coming to us the night before we reached the large river, known as Goulburn ; they had four baskets with them of particular workmanship ; Major Mit­chell bought two of them, for which he gave them a"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—I was with Major Mitchell on the Darling last year; I saw him give presents there; I remember one morning the natives coming up with burning bushes, and Major Mitchell went out to meet them; he sat down, they would not allow him to come near them; they kicked up the dust with their toes and brandished about the fiery bushes which they held in their hands, and talked very loud in their own language; there had been no quarrelling with them before that; the natives retired from our camp peaceably the night before, Major Mitchell had given them one or two tomahawks the day before; after throwing the dust they went away down the river after being at the blacksmith's forge; I saw strange natives arrive on that occasion, coming in different directions; after seeing some old men walking all round the tents, I saw two messengers sent off; the old men were singing in their own language, they had boughs of trees in their hands, they painted themselves in their own"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I have directed to move, by short marches, towards Bathurst, is in charge of Assistant-Surveyor Larmer, who is the officer I wish to accompany me, as I have already stated verbally to His Excellency."

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"The line I should endeavour to trace through it with the drays, may therefore be expected to open that new portion of country to the settlers, so that this line, back to Bathurst from the Darling (if intercepted there) would easily admit of the formation of a depot"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The line I should endeavour to trace through it with the drays, may therefore be expected to open that new portion of country to the settlers, so that this line, back to Bathurst from the Darling (if intercepted there) would easily admit of the formation of a depot"

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"On the subject of sending a vessel to St. Vincent's Gulph, I beg leave to express my apprehensions that it would be very unsafe for a boat party, exploring the fortuitous course of the Darling to rely on falling in with such a vessel, or her boats, for obtaining supplies, and that under our present uncertainty respecting the course of this river and the situation of its estuary, it would be more hazardous than convenient, to attempt a combination of the survey of the Upper Darling, with one on the southern coast."

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"I beg also to observe, that the route I propose to take to the Darling is through an extensive tract, at present quite unknown, but supposed to contain much good sheep pasture."

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"I would also submit, that while the expense and inconvenience of the latter by an exploring expedition is of necessity greater; the country watered by such rivers as the Lindesay and the Murray is so shut in by the coast on the south, the Morumbidgee on the north, and their mountain sources on the east, that the further survey thereof, would seem rather an operation for the land-surveyor than a fit object for an exploring expedition."

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"I would also submit, that while the expense and inconvenience of the latter by an exploring expedition is of necessity greater; the country watered by such rivers as the Lindesay and the Murray is so shut in by the coast on the south, the Morumbidgee on the north, and their mountain sources on the east, that the further survey thereof, would seem rather an operation for the land-surveyor than a fit object for an exploring expedition."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I would also submit, that while the expense and inconvenience of the latter by an exploring expedition is of necessity greater; the country watered by such rivers as the Lindesay and the Murray is so shut in by the coast on the south, the Morumbidgee on the north, and their mountain sources on the east, that the further survey thereof, would seem rather an operation for the land-surveyor than a fit object for an exploring expedition."

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"Should it, however, be His Excellency's wish that the rivers called the "Murray" or the "Lindesay" should be surveyed, I would submit that Mr. Stapylton could be very advantageously employed on that duty, and in the same manner in which he has already surveyed several other branches of the Morumbidgee, that is by the more satisfactory and accurate measurement on land, an operation necessary previously to the location of any country, and for which a mere boat survey is not sufficient."

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"On the subject of sending a vessel to St. Vincent's Gulph, I beg leave to express my apprehensions that it would be very unsafe for a boat party, exploring the fortuitous course of the Darling to rely on falling in with such a vessel, or her boats, for obtaining supplies, and that under our present uncertainty respecting the course of this river and the situation of its estuary, it would be more hazardous than convenient, to attempt a combination of the survey of the Upper Darling, with one on the southern coast."

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"I was an overseer of the late exploring party under the Surveyor-General; I was with them on the 27th of May last; it was about that time the conflict took place between the party and the natives; I do not recollect the precise day; the natives had followed us for two days, and Major Mitchell gave me instructions to take half of the men and to stop in the bush; the other half with Major Mitchell was to go on; we were to let the blacks pass us, and then come in behind them, not to fire at any of them until we heard or saw the party under the Major fire; the blacks had a native dog with them that noticed us in the bush; when they saw us, they drew into a body, and they were beginning to draw down the bank towards the river, when one of the men of my party fired a shot at them, the blacks all took the river and were going to the other side; while they were crossing the river we fired, then we never saw any more of them; there were seven men of my party besides myself: they were all armed, each with a carbine; the man whom I stated to have fired first, did so before any of Major Mitchell's party fired, and without any orders from me; the man's name is Charles King; a good many of these blacks, five or six of them, I had seen before on the Darling, on the former expedition; King had also been on the former expedition; the blacks retired immediately after the first shot was fired; the shot made them run away; they were all men, and had every one of them bunches of ten or fifteen spears; this was the third day of their following us, and they were getting more and more numerous; I think if we had delayed firing upon them another hour or two, they would have speared us; after the first shot was fired, I gave orders to the rest of the party to fire; I cannot tell how many of the blacks were killed: I did not see any dead blacks—nor any wounded; they continued diving, and therefore we only saw them now and again; the river was, I believe, about 130 or 140 yards broad; there were some shots fired just as they were leaving the water, but they soon disappeared among the reeds which grew upon the bank; I dare say there might have been seventy or eighty shots fired—that includes the shots fired by both parties; they had bunches of spears, and continued to follow us, and watch our motions, at a considerable distance, keeping the party in sight; the four first whom I saw of that party had their spears shipped in their hands, but they did not heave them; they made a threatening motion as if they meant to throw them at the party; it was my persuasion they would throw them; the men were beginning to be very frightened, and had not undressed themselves for two nights; it was from fear of the natives that they did not undress; I am satisfied that this was the same tribe I had seen the year before on the Darling; I knew four or five, there might be six whom I had seen the year before, and knew again; I do not know how far it was from the place we met them the year before, but I think it was a considerable distance; there were three blacks told Piper, a native who accompanied us from Bathurst, and Piper told me that they heard of the party coming again, and came over to fight us; I was not down at the river where the firing took place during the former expedition; I was at the camp, about half a mile distant; I saw, however, the tribe several times, so as to be satisfied that four or five of them were the same; there was one on the journey before who came up in a very impudent way—took up handsful of clay and heaved it at us."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 7."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Cross-examined by Major Mitchell—At daybreak of that morning, I think I saw them taking away their gins across the stream which comes out of the lake; I saw them burning bushes in the morning; I saw some of the blacks coming towards the camp; I saw an old man very near the camp; I was one of the party ordered by Major Mitchell to go forward steadily in line; we had positive orders from him to hold up our arms to show them, but not to fire; we advanced until the natives entirely disappeared in the bush; we were out of sight of the camp; we returned as ordered when the bugle sounded; after that the men had time to take their breakfast and pack up; I do not think we could have had peace to take our breakfasts and pack up unless the natives had been forced away, the natives went one way, the party travelled another; we made the River Murray in about three miles; we saw some natives there; I think they were the same party we forced back; we had heard them following in the wood before we made the Murray; we made a long journey that day to avoid them; that was the object; we knew that the Major was anxious to get away from them; the party had watches every night, men out watching bullocks; the men had sometimes to go one, two, three, or four miles from the camp, every night, to watch the bullocks; I have known that spears were thrown from the bush where no natives appeared, at three or four men who were employed in disentangling a bullock from a tree; that was the only time I have seen spears heaved by the natives; I saw this myself; this transaction occurred during the former expedition; I think that upon the 27th May last, there must have been between two and three hundred native men, all armed with spears; the number at the camp at Benanee when we first met them was only about ninety."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"For the further survey of Lake Alexandrina, I would submit that the Surveyor should be accustomed to use the necessary instruments for taking observations as you observe in your letter of the 20th May, 1833, (which Mr. Stapylton is not, the several others competent being now otherwise engaged, ) but, that if the idea of a simultaneous arrangement is abandoned for the present, especially considering that the winter season is not favorable for coast surveying, then Mr. Larmer might be employed on that duty after the practice he is likely to have with the present exploring"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Cross-examined by Major Mitchell—At daybreak of that morning, I think I saw them taking away their gins across the stream which comes out of the lake; I saw them burning bushes in the morning; I saw some of the blacks coming towards the camp; I saw an old man very near the camp; I was one of the party ordered by Major Mitchell to go forward steadily in line; we had positive orders from him to hold up our arms to show them, but not to fire; we advanced until the natives entirely disappeared in the bush; we were out of sight of the camp; we returned as ordered when the bugle sounded; after that the men had time to take their breakfast and pack up; I do not think we could have had peace to take our breakfasts and pack up unless the natives had been forced away, the natives went one way, the party travelled another; we made the River Murray in about three miles; we saw some natives there; I think they were the same party we forced back; we had heard them following in the wood before we made the Murray; we made a long journey that day to avoid them; that was the object; we knew that the Major was anxious to get away from them; the party had watches every night, men out watching bullocks; the men had sometimes to go one, two, three, or four miles from the camp, every night, to watch the bullocks; I have known that spears were thrown from the bush where no natives appeared, at three or four men who were employed in disentangling a bullock from a tree; that was the only time I have seen spears heaved by the natives; I saw this myself; this transaction occurred during the former expedition; I think that upon the 27th May last, there must have been between two and three hundred native men, all armed with spears; the number at the camp at Benanee when we first met them was only about ninety."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Cross-examined by Major Mitchell—At daybreak of that morning, I think I saw them taking away their gins across the stream which comes out of the lake; I saw them burning bushes in the morning; I saw some of the blacks coming towards the camp; I saw an old man very near the camp; I was one of the party ordered by Major Mitchell to go forward steadily in line; we had positive orders from him to hold up our arms to show them, but not to fire; we advanced until the natives entirely disappeared in the bush; we were out of sight of the camp; we returned as ordered when the bugle sounded; after that the men had time to take their breakfast and pack up; I do not think we could have had peace to take our breakfasts and pack up unless the natives had been forced away, the natives went one way, the party travelled another; we made the River Murray in about three miles; we saw some natives there; I think they were the same party we forced back; we had heard them following in the wood before we made the Murray; we made a long journey that day to avoid them; that was the object; we knew that the Major was anxious to get away from them; the party had watches every night, men out watching bullocks; the men had sometimes to go one, two, three, or four miles from the camp, every night, to watch the bullocks; I have known that spears were thrown from the bush where no natives appeared, at three or four men who were employed in disentangling a bullock from a tree; that was the only time I have seen spears heaved by the natives; I saw this myself; this transaction occurred during the former expedition; I think that upon the 27th May last, there must have been between two and three hundred native men, all armed with spears; the number at the camp at Benanee when we first met them was only about ninety."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 8."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I went with Major Mitchell on his late exploring expedition; I remember the evening when we encamped on the lake and saw the blacks; they were natives who were wanting to have a fight or a row apparently; they were more like the natives of Melville Island than any I had seen before; they wanted to get us away from the camp, and they lit their fires immediate round about us, which showed they were not friendly; I heard Piper mention that one of the gins had told him the blacks meant to attack the party: we were on our guard two hours before sundown; as we were all apprehensive of being attacked; both Piper and the other black boy told us so; we had extra watches that night, four instead of two; there must have been upwards of 120 blacks near the camp that evening; the blacks had come from the lake; they followed us about an hour before we encamped; there was one said he had come from the Darling and picked out two or three of the men whom he had seen before on the former expedition; their names are Charles King, William Woods, and John Palmer; we saw the natives the next day after leaving the camp about a mile making their appearance towards us; we encamped the second night in a large scrub about twenty miles from where we did so the night before; I heard it said in the camp that the Major had ordered this with a view of avoiding the blacks; we saw nothing of them during that night, nor during the march next day; and we encamped early that day on the Murray, being in want of water for the cattle; four or five blacks came to us there in the afternoon; we proceeded from there about eight o'clock next morning; I was a little behind that morning with Roach the bird-stuffer when the natives came on the camping ground; they were in great numbers, more than we had seen before; Major Mitchell sent word for us to join the party immediately; the blacks were loaded with spears, and kept coming close up to us trying to get into the scrub and between the bank of the river and our party, threatening us and making a great noise; this continued for about half an hour, before the Major divided the party in two; they were getting close to us at this time: I saw no spears thrown by the natives; When the party was divided I remained with Major Mitchell; we went just over a rising hill a few chains on, in order that the natives might not discern that the party had been divided; I heard Major Mitchell say to Burnett's party that they were not to fire until he could ascertain what was the disposition of the natives towards us; as he did not wish to kill any of them; shortly after going over the hill, I heard a shot, and we went towards Burnett's party towards the place where the natives were, and I saw a great number of the natives in the river; they were all in the river by the time we got down the bank; Burnett's party was shooting at the natives when we came up, and we also immediately commenced firing; I do not think it was above two minutes and a half from the time I heard the first shot until we reached the river; I did not wait for any orders to fire when I saw the others firing, for I thought there were other natives round us; the two parties when they reached the river were mixed together; I do not think that the firing lasted altogether above four or five minutes; I fired three rounds myself; some of them said they fired five or six; some of the natives were either shot or drowned, no doubt; the current was so strong we could not discern with precision; they swam very low with only their faces out of the water; I saw an opossum-skin cloak floating in the eddy of the river; there was a man in it, but he afterwards disappeared; I think there was one native shot or wounded on the opposite bank of the river; I saw one fall back into the river; I was under an impression that the natives would attack us; I was never under greater apprehensions from natives; I was at Melville Island when Mr. Green and Mr. Gould were murdered by the natives; I only left Mr. Green about twenty minutes before he was killed; I thought I never saw the natives so hostilely inclined; I thought they meant to attack us on the 27th of May; I have had great experience among natives."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I went with Major Mitchell on his late exploring expedition; I remember the evening when we encamped on the lake and saw the blacks; they were natives who were wanting to have a fight or a row apparently; they were more like the natives of Melville Island than any I had seen before; they wanted to get us away from the camp, and they lit their fires immediate round about us, which showed they were not friendly; I heard Piper mention that one of the gins had told him the blacks meant to attack the party: we were on our guard two hours before sundown; as we were all apprehensive of being attacked; both Piper and the other black boy told us so; we had extra watches that night, four instead of two; there must have been upwards of 120 blacks near the camp that evening; the blacks had come from the lake; they followed us about an hour before we encamped; there was one said he had come from the Darling and picked out two or three of the men whom he had seen before on the former expedition; their names are Charles King, William Woods, and John Palmer; we saw the natives the next day after leaving the camp about a mile making their appearance towards us; we encamped the second night in a large scrub about twenty miles from where we did so the night before; I heard it said in the camp that the Major had ordered this with a view of avoiding the blacks; we saw nothing of them during that night, nor during the march next day; and we encamped early that day on the Murray, being in want of water for the cattle; four or five blacks came to us there in the afternoon; we proceeded from there about eight o'clock next morning; I was a little behind that morning with Roach the bird-stuffer when the natives came on the camping ground; they were in great numbers, more than we had seen before; Major Mitchell sent word for us to join the party immediately; the blacks were loaded with spears, and kept coming close up to us trying to get into the scrub and between the bank of the river and our party, threatening us and making a great noise; this continued for about half an hour, before the Major divided the party in two; they were getting close to us at this time: I saw no spears thrown by the natives; When the party was divided I remained with Major Mitchell; we went just over a rising hill a few chains on, in order that the natives might not discern that the party had been divided; I heard Major Mitchell say to Burnett's party that they were not to fire until he could ascertain what was the disposition of the natives towards us; as he did not wish to kill any of them; shortly after going over the hill, I heard a shot, and we went towards Burnett's party towards the place where the natives were, and I saw a great number of the natives in the river; they were all in the river by the time we got down the bank; Burnett's party was shooting at the natives when we came up, and we also immediately commenced firing; I do not think it was above two minutes and a half from the time I heard the first shot until we reached the river; I did not wait for any orders to fire when I saw the others firing, for I thought there were other natives round us; the two parties when they reached the river were mixed together; I do not think that the firing lasted altogether above four or five minutes; I fired three rounds myself; some of them said they fired five or six; some of the natives were either shot or drowned, no doubt; the current was so strong we could not discern with precision; they swam very low with only their faces out of the water; I saw an opossum-skin cloak floating in the eddy of the river; there was a man in it, but he afterwards disappeared; I think there was one native shot or wounded on the opposite bank of the river; I saw one fall back into the river; I was under an impression that the natives would attack us; I was never under greater apprehensions from natives; I was at Melville Island when Mr. Green and Mr. Gould were murdered by the natives; I only left Mr. Green about twenty minutes before he was killed; I thought I never saw the natives so hostilely inclined; I thought they meant to attack us on the 27th of May; I have had great experience among natives."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 9."

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]]> 142.848756,-34.51399500000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""Delivery from the apprehended danger" consisted, not in the mere flight of the blacks there, any more than at Benanee, where on the mere advance of my men, they had also fled— our permanent deliverance was the consequence of the terror and effect of that attack, which their determined hostility had unfortunately rendered unavoidable."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Before I set out, the necessity for a different line of conduct towards them from that pursued last year was, therefore, obvious; and I maintain, that the circumstances under which the same hostile savages met and followed a portion of my party on the Murray, were such as fully to justify the mea­sures then adopted."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I went with Major Mitchell on his late exploring expedition; I remember the evening when we encamped on the lake and saw the blacks; they were natives who were wanting to have a fight or a row apparently; they were more like the natives of Melville Island than any I had seen before; they wanted to get us away from the camp, and they lit their fires immediate round about us, which showed they were not friendly; I heard Piper mention that one of the gins had told him the blacks meant to attack the party: we were on our guard two hours before sundown; as we were all apprehensive of being attacked; both Piper and the other black boy told us so; we had extra watches that night, four instead of two; there must have been upwards of 120 blacks near the camp that evening; the blacks had come from the lake; they followed us about an hour before we encamped; there was one said he had come from the Darling and picked out two or three of the men whom he had seen before on the former expedition; their names are Charles King, William Woods, and John Palmer; we saw the natives the next day after leaving the camp about a mile making their appearance towards us; we encamped the second night in a large scrub about twenty miles from where we did so the night before; I heard it said in the camp that the Major had ordered this with a view of avoiding the blacks; we saw nothing of them during that night, nor during the march next day; and we encamped early that day on the Murray, being in want of water for the cattle; four or five blacks came to us there in the afternoon; we proceeded from there about eight o'clock next morning; I was a little behind that morning with Roach the bird-stuffer when the natives came on the camping ground; they were in great numbers, more than we had seen before; Major Mitchell sent word for us to join the party immediately; the blacks were loaded with spears, and kept coming close up to us trying to get into the scrub and between the bank of the river and our party, threatening us and making a great noise; this continued for about half an hour, before the Major divided the party in two; they were getting close to us at this time: I saw no spears thrown by the natives; When the party was divided I remained with Major Mitchell; we went just over a rising hill a few chains on, in order that the natives might not discern that the party had been divided; I heard Major Mitchell say to Burnett's party that they were not to fire until he could ascertain what was the disposition of the natives towards us; as he did not wish to kill any of them; shortly after going over the hill, I heard a shot, and we went towards Burnett's party towards the place where the natives were, and I saw a great number of the natives in the river; they were all in the river by the time we got down the bank; Burnett's party was shooting at the natives when we came up, and we also immediately commenced firing; I do not think it was above two minutes and a half from the time I heard the first shot until we reached the river; I did not wait for any orders to fire when I saw the others firing, for I thought there were other natives round us; the two parties when they reached the river were mixed together; I do not think that the firing lasted altogether above four or five minutes; I fired three rounds myself; some of them said they fired five or six; some of the natives were either shot or drowned, no doubt; the current was so strong we could not discern with precision; they swam very low with only their faces out of the water; I saw an opossum-skin cloak floating in the eddy of the river; there was a man in it, but he afterwards disappeared; I think there was one native shot or wounded on the opposite bank of the river; I saw one fall back into the river; I was under an impression that the natives would attack us; I was never under greater apprehensions from natives; I was at Melville Island when Mr. Green and Mr. Gould were murdered by the natives; I only left Mr. Green about twenty minutes before he was killed; I thought I never saw the natives so hostilely inclined; I thought they meant to attack us on the 27th of May; I have had great experience among natives."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is further remarked "that the fatal conse-quences to themselves of aggression were not ex-plained, " although it was plainly stated by several of the men, that on leaving Benanee a party had been sent towards the natives for the purpose of check-ing their forward movement, by displaying our fire-arms; the men were directed to hold them up—and show them to the natives, without, however, firing; this I considered the best mode both of explaining our wish not to be followed and molested, and also the consequences, if they persisted."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is next noticed that the men had said, that "a change of direction in one day's march had been adopted to avoid the blacks, " "whereas, that I in my paper of the 17th December assigned a different motive;" and that in my letter of the 24th October, I stated it to have been my ob-ject on leaving Benanee to draw the blacks after me, "for the purpose of attacking them."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I have to observe, that it was not customary to acquaint my men with my motives for movements; but whether, as the men stated, my object was "to avoid the blacks, " or whether as I had stated, I wished to cut off a bend of the river (which I indeed effected) , it is rather extraordinary that the Council seem to attach little weight to either account, and prefer assuming, in direct opposi-tion also to my statement of the 24th October, that my object on leaving Benanee was to draw the blacks after me, for the purpose of attacking them."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Council "nevertheless, conclude, that no sufficient efforts were made to conciliate the good will of the natives, who were met at Benanee for the first time, or to remove the angry feeling of those in whom the proceedings of the previous year had generated a spirit of animosity and revenge."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The tribe was recognised at Benanee to be that we had seen on the Darling, and we had found there that it was impossible, by all we could give them or do for them, to prevent them from laying in wait for, and attacking treacherously, the men of the party."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The tribe was recognised at Benanee to be that we had seen on the Darling, and we had found there that it was impossible, by all we could give them or do for them, to prevent them from laying in wait for, and attacking treacherously, the men of the party."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 9."

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]]> 142.848756,-34.51399500000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It has been already stated with reference to the evidence, that the last thing we did on leaving Benanee was to drive the natives back, by advancing towards them, and holding up our arms, as a warning not to follow us, and of the consequences to them, if they did."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"With respect to the reference made in the Minute to my observations upon the hostility of the natives on the Darling, as having been made known by my letter of the 19th September,"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The route I recommended was only practicable after saturating rains, and excellent then for travelling, from the sandy na-ture of the soil, that memorandum had reference to the survey of the Darling only; the difficulties encountered by the last expedition, in a perfectly different kind of country, in rainy weather, are quite unconnected with the question."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Having been nevertheless ordered to proceed again to the same part of the river Darling whence I had already retired, chiefly on account of the hostility of the natives, and the drought still continuing, my route was confined to the banks of large rivers, and I was met by the same tribe while still distant about two hundred miles from the scene of the former attack."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—My last dispatch, dated October 24, was written with reference to my account of the former expedition, as submitted in my dispatch of 19th September, 1835; wherein I stated that the conduct of the natives on the Darling was such as to render it unsafe for me to proceed further on the survey of that river."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To advance them up the Darling towards the haunts of these savages (the only practicable line at that time) was to shorten their line of operations and lengthen my own, while the hostile tribe was likely to be joined by many others during our progress along the banks of the Murray and the Darling."

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]]> 115.9467997,-32.6548919 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To advance them up the Darling towards the haunts of these savages (the only practicable line at that time) was to shorten their line of operations and lengthen my own, while the hostile tribe was likely to be joined by many others during our progress along the banks of the Murray and the Darling."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 8."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To advance them up the Darling towards the haunts of these savages (the only practicable line at that time) was to shorten their line of operations and lengthen my own, while the hostile tribe was likely to be joined by many others during our progress along the banks of the Murray and the Darling."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"My party this year on the Murray was composed of the same men, and even there the same natives had met us, having come so far, as we had been told, to fight us."

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]]> 115.5121957,-28.5394789 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"They stated that another division of the tribe was before us, and that the chief was the very man who had endeavoured to kill some white men, who, a long while before, had passed down the Millewa (or Mur-ray, ) in boats."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On the evening of the 26th, a few natives approached our camp, and asked Piper why I had not attacked the strange tribes from the Darling, who had come so far to fight us, and who were determined they said to follow us?"

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]]> 150.731727,-33.9398633 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—the knowledge of their having actually travelled a distance of about two hundred miles, with declared hostile intentions to meet us, their pertinaciously contemptuous bearing in our presence, as displayed in their gestures, and by their subsequently approaching our party, by firing the bush, and following us armed, and hanging on our rear with perpetual shouting and war-cries; a knowledge further corroborated by the experience both of myself, and of numerous distinguished, benevolent, and sensible men, such as several Governors of this colony, and especially Go-vernor Macquarie in the Carnanbigal war, numerous respectable individuals on the Hunter, Mr. Lowe, the Magistrate of Bringelly, and his party, acknowledge that instances of necessary chastisement have occurred with the Aborigines, wherever the colonization of New Holland has hitherto extended, and if such extreme measures had often been found justifiable or necessary, even to ensure safety on the borders of a colony, and by means of soldiers, I may be permitted to ask how much more critical was my position when sent into the heart of a savage region, far out of reach of all support, and with a few armed convicts as my only means of defence?"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Their desire so as to assemble various tribes, when mischievously disposed towards us, was conspicuous on the Darling when they commenced the war, by laying in wait for and assailing a watering party of two men."

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]]> -4.1589657,55.8775677 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Craigend, December 17, 1836."

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]]> 153.2388459,-27.7295742 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Lake Stapylton, May 22, 1836."

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]]> 144.08378715163,-32.00055714361058 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sir, —To-morrow morning I am to proceed with a light party for the purpose of completing my former survey of the River Darling, according to the Governor's instructions."

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]]> -76.085227,40.1017643 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—the knowledge of their having actually travelled a distance of about two hundred miles, with declared hostile intentions to meet us, their pertinaciously contemptuous bearing in our presence, as displayed in their gestures, and by their subsequently approaching our party, by firing the bush, and following us armed, and hanging on our rear with perpetual shouting and war-cries; a knowledge further corroborated by the experience both of myself, and of numerous distinguished, benevolent, and sensible men, such as several Governors of this colony, and especially Go-vernor Macquarie in the Carnanbigal war, numerous respectable individuals on the Hunter, Mr. Lowe, the Magistrate of Bringelly, and his party, acknowledge that instances of necessary chastisement have occurred with the Aborigines, wherever the colonization of New Holland has hitherto extended, and if such extreme measures had often been found justifiable or necessary, even to ensure safety on the borders of a colony, and by means of soldiers, I may be permitted to ask how much more critical was my position when sent into the heart of a savage region, far out of reach of all support, and with a few armed convicts as my only means of defence?"

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We omitted to mention in our last, that a person named Whitehead had been tried and acquitted of murdering a native black at Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Detachment of the 4th regiment stationed at Port Phillip is about to be relieved."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Government have given notice that all persons who wish to take their assigned servants to Port Phillip, must furnish the Principal Superintendant of Convicts with a list of the servants they intend to take, and obtain a copy of the list from that officer, to be filed with the Police Magistrate there, otherwise the men will be liable to be taken up and returned to Government."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Government intend despatching a detachment of military, and a quantity of stores to Port Phillip, on the 15th inst."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"relative to the Settlements at Port Philip and Twofold Bay."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Another important feature contained in his Lordship's despatch is the proposed emigration to Port Philip, of a very considerable number of individuals from Scotland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"relative to the Settlements at Port Philip and Twofold Bay."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Another important feature contained in his Lordship's despatch is the proposed emigration to Port Philip, of a very considerable number of individuals from Scotland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Government-house, Sydney,"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"MY LORD, —Being informed by the Lieutenant Governor of Van Diemen's Land, that several British subjects connected with that Colony, have taken possession of a tract of land on the South Western Coast of New Holland, in virtue of a treaty with a tribe of Aboriginal Natives, it becomes my duty to report to your Lordship, this intrusion upon part of the territory described in the commission, which I have the honor to hold from His Majesty."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I have before had occasion to submit to the Secretary of State, the opinion I entertain of the propriety of extending, in a southern direction, the limits within which land may be acquired from the Crown in New South Wales."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the meantime, there is little doubt that Mr. Batman and his party will continue to convey cattle to Port Philip, and to invest capital in building and other improvements at that place."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On this subject, I beg leave to refer your Lordship, to my despatch of the 4th July, 1834, No. 59, in which I communicated a proposal of Mr. James Atkinson, for the settlement of Twofold Bay, by means of emigration from the north of Ireland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On this subject, I beg leave to refer your Lordship, to my despatch of the 4th July, 1834, No. 59, in which I communicated a proposal of Mr. James Atkinson, for the settlement of Twofold Bay, by means of emigration from the north of Ireland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On the excursion alluded to I found the greater part of the vast tract of fertile land lying between the country of St. Vincent and Twofold Bay, depastured by flocks and herds attended by shepherds and stockmen ; the pastures, already contributing largely to the wealth of the Colony, and exceeding in importance many of the districts where land is disposeable by sale or on lease."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"An export of live stock, from Twofold Bay to Van Diemen's Land had commenced, and is likely to increase; and a considerable supply of grain and other agricultural produce would, in all probability, be furnished from that district for the Sydney market, in the event of land there being thrown open to purchase."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Though I objected to Mr. Atkinson's plan, in many particulars, I expressed myself in favour of the extension of the limits of location as far as Twofold Bay, provided the lands were to be disposed of under the existing regulations."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In recurring to it, I am bound to state, that further reflection and the advantages of personal observation, afforded by a recent excursion to Twofold Bay and the neighbouring country, have more than ever impressed me with the correctness of the opinions expressed in my despatch of July 1834."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"An export of live stock, from Twofold Bay to Van Diemen's Land had commenced, and is likely to increase; and a considerable supply of grain and other agricultural produce would, in all probability, be furnished from that district for the Sydney market, in the event of land there being thrown open to purchase."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The wool of New South Wales forms at present, and is likely long to continue, its chief wealth."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Such are the considerations which rendered me unwilling to oppose the settlement of Twofold Bay."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"would propose that a township be marked out, both at Twofold Bay, and in some eligible spot on the coast, to which Mr. Batman's party has proceeded."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the event of a township being established at Twofold Bay, it would be desirable to form a road from thence to Maneroo Plains, a part of which would pass over a rocky range of mountains."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I would, also, earnestly recommend that a provision be made for schools, in which the children of persons of different religious tenets may be instructed, without distinction, on the plan now adopted in Ireland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I beg leave to observe here, that it is in considera-tion of the capital expended by Mr Batman and his associates, that I am inclined to recommend so early an occupation of Port Philip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the event of a township being established at Twofold Bay, it would be desirable to form a road from thence to Maneroo Plains, a part of which would pass over a rocky range of mountains."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This measure would otherwise have appeared to me premature, and I should have preferred witnessing the success of the nearer establishment at Twofold Bay, before suggest-ing the more distant settlement."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"I consider Twofold Bay to be ripe for settlement, as sufficient advantages are already derived from the lands behind it to admit of their purchase (by the occupiers and others, ) being rendered the means of the gradual introduction of the various institutions of society."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is with reference to Van Diemen's Land, chiefly, that the occupation of Port Philip, may be regarded as advantageous."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Downing street,"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Lord Glenelg, &c. , &c. , &c."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"SIR, — I have received your despatch, dated the 10th October last, No 99, reporting the proceedings of Mr Batman and others, at Port Philip and Two-fold Bay, and of suggesting measures which ought to be adopted to meet this new exigency in the affairs of your Government."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is wholly vain to expect that any positive laws, especially those of a very young and thinly peopled country, will be energetic enough to repress the spirit of adventure and specu-lation in which the unauthorised settlements at Port Philip and Twofold Bay have originated."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"New South Wales is not only marked by nature for a pastoral country, but for a country of which the pasturage must, from the quality of the soil, inevitably separate the shepherds and herdsmen and all their associates in labour, very widely from the general seat of Government and from each other."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is wholly vain to expect that any positive laws, especially those of a very young and thinly peopled country, will be energetic enough to repress the spirit of adventure and specu-lation in which the unauthorised settlements at Port Philip and Twofold Bay have originated."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It is in-deed enough to observe, that such a concession would subvert the foundation on which all proprie-tary rights in New South Wales at present rest, and defeat a large part of the most important resolutions of the Local Government."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"If, however, my information be correct, the east-ern shores of New Holland, at least, on the southern half of that great region, so far as they have hitherto been explored, whether coastwise or inland, present a physical impediment to the close concentration of the inhabitants, with which it would be only futile to contend by human laws."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It may yet admit of serious doubt whether the settlers at Port Philip and Twofold Bay have not in reality given birth to undertakings, which deliberate reflection would have recommended rather than discouraged."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It may yet admit of serious doubt whether the settlers at Port Philip and Twofold Bay have not in reality given birth to undertakings, which deliberate reflection would have recommended rather than discouraged."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Each of these places will probably, at a time more or less distant, form the nucleus of a new and flourishing settlement, interchanging with the districts at present occupied in the vicinity of Sydney, many articles of internal commerce, and contributing to expedite the general occupation, by the people of this kingdom or their descendants, of those vast territories in which our national wealth and industry have already in the last half century converted an unproductive waste into two great and flourishing provinces."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The settlement at Port Philip will probably be reinforced by a large number of emigrants and a considerable introduction of capital from Scotland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Respecting the arrangements to be made for settling a form of government at Port Philip and Twofold Bay, I advance no further than to express my general concurrence in your views and to sanction your acting on them in the manner which you propose."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The settlement at Port Philip will probably be reinforced by a large number of emigrants and a considerable introduction of capital from Scotland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Respecting the arrangements to be made for settling a form of government at Port Philip and Twofold Bay, I advance no further than to express my general concurrence in your views and to sanction your acting on them in the manner which you propose."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"John Henry Whitehead was indicted for the wilful murder of Kurakoi, an aboriginal black, at Port Phillip, on the 17th day of October last."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Edward Freestone—On the 17th day of October last I was assisting the prisoner in unloading a dray of hurdles, when he cried out, "here's a black fellow, " and appeared to be very much alarmed; we had no firearms, the prisoner said he saw some spears with the black, on the black coming up I enquired his name, he said it was Kilgoran; on the overseer coming up some short time afterwards, however I discovered that he had given me a false name, as the name by which he was known, both among the settlers and his own tribe, was Kurakoi, a notorious character; he recognised me, and on my giving him to understand that I did not know him, he brought circumstances to my recollection by which I knew that we had on one occasion travelled together, I went away in a short time to a place about a quarter of a mile off; I had been there some time, when I heard a wild cry like that of a native, which lasted for about ten minutes, then a shot was fired in the direction of the tent where I left Whitehead and the black; then there was hullooing, and another shot, which alarmed me, as I thought the natives had come down and we had no fire-arms with us, I was then leaving the cattle to proceed to the tents when I heard a third shot fired, but no more crying out, I saw Taylor the overseer coming towards me, and we went together to the tent; before I got there I saw the prisoner coming from the river; on coming up he said the black fellow had run away; Taylor asked why he let him go, prisoner said he let him go because he made such a noise, and he was frightened lest the natives should come down upon him, as he was alone; I then went towards the tent; on one side of the tent was a large tree, near which I saw lying the opossum skin rug that was worn by the black when last I saw him, on which and on the trunk of the tree was blood, Taylor walked about as if much agitated, and said to the prisoner, —I fear, Jack, you have murdered the man!"

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Cross examined—I do not know where Jemott and Wilson are; they came up to Sydney in the Rattlesnake to give evidence on this trial; I understand Taylor is in Van Diemen's Land; I saw him in Launceston in January; I have good reason to know Kurakoi; he had been living at my station for fourteen days on the 6th September, when he came to me and said that as he had been unsuccessful in kangarooing there, he would now go to a wood where he knew there was plenty, and in eight or ten days he would return and pay me for my kindness to him and his wife; he went away; the next morning about nine o'clock, I was coming out of the door of my hut, having no idea of any person being there, and in the act of stooping to the door, when I received a blow on the back of my head from a tomahawk which cleaved my skull; I saw it was Kurakoi; on recovering from the stun, I made a rush at him, but he being naked and his body greased, he eluded my grasp, and turned the corner of the hut; I returned into the hut and took a piece which I levelled at him, but it snapped and he got away, I have every reason to believe that there were other blacks in the vicinity; it was in reference to this affair that Jemott and Wilson came to inform me they had secured Kurakoi; it must have been from a suspicion that he would be detained, if discovered, that he gave himself a false name when interrogated at the hut; if I were alone with him, and he were making a great noise, I should consider myself in danger, although he was tied up, because a party of blacks may be within twenty yards of a person, and yet be completely out of sight; I believe that if any one had him in custody, and he managed to loose himself, that he would kill his keepers unless he was first disabled; prisoner told me that when he shot Kurakoi, he was fearful of being killed by either him or his party; I have known several times, in Port Phillip, a native coming to reconnoitre a place where a large party were waiting in the vicinity."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Cross examined—I do not know where Jemott and Wilson are; they came up to Sydney in the Rattlesnake to give evidence on this trial; I understand Taylor is in Van Diemen's Land; I saw him in Launceston in January; I have good reason to know Kurakoi; he had been living at my station for fourteen days on the 6th September, when he came to me and said that as he had been unsuccessful in kangarooing there, he would now go to a wood where he knew there was plenty, and in eight or ten days he would return and pay me for my kindness to him and his wife; he went away; the next morning about nine o'clock, I was coming out of the door of my hut, having no idea of any person being there, and in the act of stooping to the door, when I received a blow on the back of my head from a tomahawk which cleaved my skull; I saw it was Kurakoi; on recovering from the stun, I made a rush at him, but he being naked and his body greased, he eluded my grasp, and turned the corner of the hut; I returned into the hut and took a piece which I levelled at him, but it snapped and he got away, I have every reason to believe that there were other blacks in the vicinity; it was in reference to this affair that Jemott and Wilson came to inform me they had secured Kurakoi; it must have been from a suspicion that he would be detained, if discovered, that he gave himself a false name when interrogated at the hut; if I were alone with him, and he were making a great noise, I should consider myself in danger, although he was tied up, because a party of blacks may be within twenty yards of a person, and yet be completely out of sight; I believe that if any one had him in custody, and he managed to loose himself, that he would kill his keepers unless he was first disabled; prisoner told me that when he shot Kurakoi, he was fearful of being killed by either him or his party; I have known several times, in Port Phillip, a native coming to reconnoitre a place where a large party were waiting in the vicinity."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Cross examined—I do not know where Jemott and Wilson are; they came up to Sydney in the Rattlesnake to give evidence on this trial; I understand Taylor is in Van Diemen's Land; I saw him in Launceston in January; I have good reason to know Kurakoi; he had been living at my station for fourteen days on the 6th September, when he came to me and said that as he had been unsuccessful in kangarooing there, he would now go to a wood where he knew there was plenty, and in eight or ten days he would return and pay me for my kindness to him and his wife; he went away; the next morning about nine o'clock, I was coming out of the door of my hut, having no idea of any person being there, and in the act of stooping to the door, when I received a blow on the back of my head from a tomahawk which cleaved my skull; I saw it was Kurakoi; on recovering from the stun, I made a rush at him, but he being naked and his body greased, he eluded my grasp, and turned the corner of the hut; I returned into the hut and took a piece which I levelled at him, but it snapped and he got away, I have every reason to believe that there were other blacks in the vicinity; it was in reference to this affair that Jemott and Wilson came to inform me they had secured Kurakoi; it must have been from a suspicion that he would be detained, if discovered, that he gave himself a false name when interrogated at the hut; if I were alone with him, and he were making a great noise, I should consider myself in danger, although he was tied up, because a party of blacks may be within twenty yards of a person, and yet be completely out of sight; I believe that if any one had him in custody, and he managed to loose himself, that he would kill his keepers unless he was first disabled; prisoner told me that when he shot Kurakoi, he was fearful of being killed by either him or his party; I have known several times, in Port Phillip, a native coming to reconnoitre a place where a large party were waiting in the vicinity."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Cross examined—I do not know where Jemott and Wilson are; they came up to Sydney in the Rattlesnake to give evidence on this trial; I understand Taylor is in Van Diemen's Land; I saw him in Launceston in January; I have good reason to know Kurakoi; he had been living at my station for fourteen days on the 6th September, when he came to me and said that as he had been unsuccessful in kangarooing there, he would now go to a wood where he knew there was plenty, and in eight or ten days he would return and pay me for my kindness to him and his wife; he went away; the next morning about nine o'clock, I was coming out of the door of my hut, having no idea of any person being there, and in the act of stooping to the door, when I received a blow on the back of my head from a tomahawk which cleaved my skull; I saw it was Kurakoi; on recovering from the stun, I made a rush at him, but he being naked and his body greased, he eluded my grasp, and turned the corner of the hut; I returned into the hut and took a piece which I levelled at him, but it snapped and he got away, I have every reason to believe that there were other blacks in the vicinity; it was in reference to this affair that Jemott and Wilson came to inform me they had secured Kurakoi; it must have been from a suspicion that he would be detained, if discovered, that he gave himself a false name when interrogated at the hut; if I were alone with him, and he were making a great noise, I should consider myself in danger, although he was tied up, because a party of blacks may be within twenty yards of a person, and yet be completely out of sight; I believe that if any one had him in custody, and he managed to loose himself, that he would kill his keepers unless he was first disabled; prisoner told me that when he shot Kurakoi, he was fearful of being killed by either him or his party; I have known several times, in Port Phillip, a native coming to reconnoitre a place where a large party were waiting in the vicinity."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Port Phillip."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"If sanctioned, the Principal Superintendent will furnish the applicants with duplicates of such lists countersigned by himself; and these must be deposited with the Police Magistrate at Port Phillip, otherwise the prisoners will be recalled into the service of Government."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—His Excellency the Governor directs it to be notified, that persons desirous of taking their assigned servants with them to Port Phillip, are required to make application for His Excellency's sanction, through the Principal Superintendent of Convicts, and to deposit with that Officer a list of the names, ships, dates of arrival, and callings of the individuals so proposed to be taken."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"An immense quantity of scabby sheep had been sent over from Launceston and Hobart Town."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"An immense quantity of scabby sheep had been sent over from Launceston and Hobart Town."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILIP."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We are indebted to the Monitor, for the following news of the settlement : — We have been informed that the Governor occupied himself after his arrival at Port Philip, with superintending the laying out the Township, the streets of which, from the favourable position of its scite, will intersect each other at right angles with uninterrupted regularity."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Another Township would also be laid down before His Excellency's departure, at a place called Geelong, about thirty miles from the principal Township, but within the extensive basin of Port Phillip, thereby commanding water carriage."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Another Township would also be laid down before His Excellency's departure, at a place called Geelong, about thirty miles from the principal Township, but within the extensive basin of Port Phillip, thereby commanding water carriage."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Surveyor Hoddle, would remain at Port Phillip in charge of the Survey Department."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The revenue cutter Prince George, which arrived yesterday from Port Philip, brings intelligence, that fears are entertained at that settlement for the lives of Mr. Gellibrand and a gentleman belonging to Launceston, named Hesse, who had gone to a place called Golong, a few miles in the interior, on a shooting excursion, but had not returned when the cutter sailed, after a lapse of nineteen days."

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Considerable numbers of settlers were continually arriving from Launceston and Hobart Town, with their flocks and herds."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It was expected, that immediately after His Excellency's arrival in Sydney, town allotments would be put up for sale."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Considerable numbers of settlers were continually arriving from Launceston and Hobart Town, with their flocks and herds."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> -122.7496693,53.9170641 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The revenue cutter Prince George, which arrived yesterday from Port Philip, brings intelligence, that fears are entertained at that settlement for the lives of Mr. Gellibrand and a gentleman belonging to Launceston, named Hesse, who had gone to a place called Golong, a few miles in the interior, on a shooting excursion, but had not returned when the cutter sailed, after a lapse of nineteen days."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The schooner Alexander McLeay, which left this port for Port Philip before the cutter, had not arrived at that settlement up to the sailing of the latter for Sydney, although the cutter was in that port ten days."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 111.0531197,-7.453575300000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The revenue cutter Prince George, which arrived yesterday from Port Philip, brings intelligence, that fears are entertained at that settlement for the lives of Mr. Gellibrand and a gentleman belonging to Launceston, named Hesse, who had gone to a place called Golong, a few miles in the interior, on a shooting excursion, but had not returned when the cutter sailed, after a lapse of nineteen days."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The revenue cutter Prince George, which arrived yesterday from Port Philip, brings intelligence, that fears are entertained at that settlement for the lives of Mr. Gellibrand and a gentleman belonging to Launceston, named Hesse, who had gone to a place called Golong, a few miles in the interior, on a shooting excursion, but had not returned when the cutter sailed, after a lapse of nineteen days."

TLCMap

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]]> -122.7496693,53.9170641 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"H. M. S. Rattlesnake, with his Excellency and suit, may be hourly expected, on their return from Port Philip, as she was to sail immediately after the Prince George."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"H. M. S. Rattlesnake, with his Excellency and suit, may be hourly expected, on their return from Port Philip, as she was to sail immediately after the Prince George."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The schooner Alexander McLeay, which left this port for Port Philip before the cutter, had not arrived at that settlement up to the sailing of the latter for Sydney, although the cutter was in that port ten days."

TLCMap

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]]> 121.6283098,-27.6728168 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Prince George had been round to Western Port, laying down buoys."

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]]> 151.1636244,-23.5846723 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In returning past Curtis Island, Bass Straits, the attention of the commander (Roach) was arrested by the appearance of an immense fire on the island."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The man who appeared to be about forty years of age informed Captain Roach that he had left Sydney about three years ago in a cutter called the William, belonging to Messrs. Wright and Long, and had been left with others on the island, for the purpose of killing seals, but the vessel had never returned for them."

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]]> 145.6689636,-39.1086169 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In returning past Curtis Island, Bass Straits, the attention of the commander (Roach) was arrested by the appearance of an immense fire on the island."

TLCMap

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]]> -122.7496693,53.9170641 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Prince George had been round to Western Port, laying down buoys."

TLCMap

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]]> 149.713629,-34.7567489 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"a wealthy settler near Goulburn, having resolved to try his fortune in the new settlement, intrusted his stock, consisting of upwards of 4000 sheep, 800 head of cattle, working bullocks, &c. to a young gentleman of the name of Hamilton, who with a party of about twelve men, started about a month ago on his journey."

TLCMap

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We regret to have received intelligence which places almost beyond doubt the fact of the murder by the Aborigines of a party of men on their way to Port Philip."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Nothing whatever has been heard of the party, but the sheep, or a portion of them, have been picked up in various parts of the line of Port Philip, scattered in groups; a few cattle, known to be those of the party, have been also found scattered about, and some of the pack and dray bullocks have returned to their old run with the yokes about their necks."

TLCMap

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]]> 142.0216734,-37.7420251 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"a wealthy settler near Goulburn, having resolved to try his fortune in the new settlement, intrusted his stock, consisting of upwards of 4000 sheep, 800 head of cattle, working bullocks, &c. to a young gentleman of the name of Hamilton, who with a party of about twelve men, started about a month ago on his journey."

TLCMap

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]]> 115.9467997,-32.6548919 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A Correspondent from the South writes as follows:—The Blacks beyond the Murray have played the devil lately; thinking they had got the "Major" and party (no doubt) they have murdered that poor fellow Hamilton and his men (13 in all); hundreds of Howey's sheep have been picked up in the bush, and not a word heard of one of the party."

TLCMap

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"So much for the field day in Australia Felix, which, "considering they were not soldiers, they have done very well."

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]]> 149.713629,-34.7567489 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We understand that instructions have been sent to Lieutenant Waddy, commanding the Mounted Police in Goulburn to go in search of the party."

TLCMap

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"ADVANCE AUSTRALIA Sydney Gazette."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The recent murder at Port Phillip, for which a man named Whitehead but a few days ago stood his trial, and was acquitted, the particular and extraordinary incidents of whose case were fully commented on in a former number of this journal, has no doubt in a great measure instigated the lamentable catastrophe here related:—"

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We regret to have received intelligence which places almost beyond doubt the fact of the murder by the aborigines of a party of men on their way to Port Philip."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"SYDNEY GAZETTE."

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]]> 149.713629,-34.7567489 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Howey, a wealthy settler near Goulburn, having resolved to try his fortune to the new settlement, intrusted his stock, consisting of upwards of 4000 sheep, 800 head of cattle, working bullocks, &c. to a young gentleman of the name of Hamilton, who with a party of about twelve men, started about a month"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Nothing whatever has been heard of the party, but the sheep, or a portion of them, have been picked up in various parts of the line of Port Philip, scattered in groups; a few cattle known to be those of the party, have been also found scattered about, and some of the pack and dray bullocks have returned to their old run with the yokes about their necks."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 115.9467997,-32.6548919 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The blacks beyond the Murray have played the"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"So much for the field day in Australia Felix, which, "considering they were not soldiers they have done very"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 142.0216734,-37.7420251 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Howey, a wealthy settler near Goulburn, having resolved to try his fortune to the new settlement, intrusted his stock, consisting of upwards of 4000 sheep, 800 head of cattle, working bullocks, &c. to a young gentleman of the name of Hamilton, who with a party of about twelve men, started about a month"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 3."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian of Friday last contained a letter which gave rise to serious apprehensions for the safety of Mr. Hamilton, who, with a party, had undertaken to proceed overland to Port Phillip, with sheep and cattle."

TLCMap

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]]> 149.713629,-34.7567489 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We understand that instructions have been sent to Lieutenant Waddy, commanding the Mounted Police of Goulburn,"

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"TO THE EDITOR OF THE SYDNEY MONITOR."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"My Dear Sir, --Pray contradict the report of Mr. Hamilton's death by the Port Phillip natives."

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]]> 147.4935897,-41.9287394 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Campbell Town, April 1, 1837."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"MURDER AT PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 6."

TLCMap

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"— The Schooner Eliza­beth, Campbell, from Launceston, arrived yesterday, and brings a confirmation of the worst fears that have been for some time entertained for the safety of Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse, their bodies having been discovered about fifty miles from the settlement, mutilated by wounds from a tomahawk."

TLCMap

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We have seen a gentleman who came passenger in the Elizabeth, but could obtain no further particulars than the above, nothing having appeared in the Launceston Papers at the period of his departure; it is, however, sup­posed that the unfortunate gentlemen had placed too great confidence in the "poor blacks, " and conse­quently fell victims to their treacherous ferocity."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 2."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"THE PORT PHILLIP NATIVES."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 138.6692119,-34.7216115 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We have seen a gentleman who came passenger in the Elizabeth, but could obtain no further particulars than the above, nothing having appeared in the Launceston Papers at the period of his departure; it is, however, sup­posed that the unfortunate gentlemen had placed too great confidence in the "poor blacks, " and conse­quently fell victims to their treacherous ferocity."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"THE PORT PHILLIP NATIVES."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the arrival of a vessel from Launceston, we are grieved to hear a confirmation of the fears enter­tained for the safety of Messrs. GELLIBRAND and HESSE."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the arrival of a vessel from Launceston, we are grieved to hear a confirmation of the fears enter­tained for the safety of Messrs. GELLIBRAND and HESSE."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the arrival of a vessel from Launceston, we are grieved to hear a confirmation of the fears enter­tained for the safety of Messrs. GELLIBRAND and HESSE."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"ADVANCE AUSTRALIA Sydney Gazette."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse be the"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sydney Gazette."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"of New South Wales, and at the Bank of Australia."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse be the"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"ber, was tried here for shooting a native, near the settlement at Port Phillip, having first bound his victim to a tree, and who was most unaccountably acquitted and again let loose on society to perpe-"

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Cook, the gentleman in charge of Mr. Steel's extensive property at the new settlement and Mr. Brown, late of Bagdad, have just arrived in town from Port Phillip."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"BY the Francis Freeling which arrived from Hobart Town yesterday evening, we have received our usual files of papers down to the date of her sailing, viz."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.2199785,-42.6010652 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Cook, the gentleman in charge of Mr. Steel's extensive property at the new settlement and Mr. Brown, late of Bagdad, have just arrived in town from Port Phillip."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"librand and Hesse have doubtless fallen the victims of their own imprudence, — with a knowledge of the treachery of the aborigines, which, as old travellers they must have been fully aware of ; with the knowledge too, that many of them had been murdered in cold blood by our countrymen, and particularly as regards the case of the man Whitehead, who shot the native chief in the very neighbour-"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"HOBART TOWN MARKET, APRIL 15."

TLCMap

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We understand that Mr. Gellibrand has left a will, and that he has declared himself to be worth £96, 000 when last in Hobart Town ; and that his life was insured for £10, 000."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We are happy to hear, that the settlers generally are by no means alarmed at Port Phillip, as has been here represented, in conse-"

TLCMap

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The same price has been offered for superior samples in Hobart"

TLCMap

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]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It appears quite clear, that Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse must have been benighted, and fallen in with this hostile tribe in pursuing some unknown course in search of a great lake, which Mr. Gellibrand was most anxious to examine."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Wheat has experienced a rapid rise this week, owing no doubt to the advance at Sydney, where we stated in our last it was 10s."

TLCMap

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]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"GELLIBRAND AND HESSE."

TLCMap

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]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"bodies of Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse had been"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"bodies of Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse had been"

TLCMap

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"— The extremely contradictory reports, which post after post have been circulated in Hobart Town respecting the fate of these gentlemen, have rendered it difficult for us to place them as satisfactorily before the public, who, however, we are well aware, expect to find these accounts in our journal, not always reflecting upon the suffering which an unintentional, yet erroneous statement inflicts upon relatives or friends."

TLCMap

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]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"GELLIBRAND AND HESSE."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.3598426,-38.1492994 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"at Geelong."

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]]> 144.2694796,-38.1465431 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Now, as these letters are from individuals residing on the spot whence the lamented gentlemen actually started on their journey, and as the plain, which is at the foot of the Barrabull Hills, is forty miles distant from the settlement, it is not probable that any"

TLCMap

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]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Letters were exhibited from highly respected individuals corroborative of this statement, one addressed to ourselves says, —' Poor Gellibrand and Hesse, we have confirmed news of their murder by the natives—their bodies as well as the bodies of their horses have been found. '"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Letters were exhibited from highly respected individuals corroborative of this statement, one addressed to ourselves says, —' Poor Gellibrand and Hesse, we have confirmed news of their murder by the natives—their bodies as well as the bodies of their horses have been found. '"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.1221159,-41.5948375 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"ing with M'Kay) to the gaol at Longford."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 115.8616783,-31.9513993 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It seems that these villains were drinking together in a hut near Perth, in company with Mrs. Ward, and that they mutually agreed to go out and shoot the first person they met with, in order to rob him of his money."

TLCMap

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]]> 147.1221159,-41.5948375 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It will scarcely be credited that M'Kay who had committed the murder on the Saturday evening, actually attended the muster of the ticket of leave men at the church at Longford on the Sunday morning following."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"FORT PHILLIP."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Launceston Corn Market."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Regia from this port was at Port Phillip, and about to proceed to Swan River."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the Government schooner Isabella, from Port Phillip yesterday evening, we learn little news but what has already been before the public."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 115.9112603096924,-31.89003427782013 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Regia from this port was at Port Phillip, and about to proceed to Swan River."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 2."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 149.0015241,-35.204808 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On the eastern extremity of Indented Head, adjoining Swan Pond, His Excellency fixed the site of a proposed Custom House station, commanding alike the entrance into Gedney Harbour, and the channels leading up to Point Gellibrand."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A PASSAGE of ten days brought the Rattlesnake to Port Phillip."

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]]> 144.6832575,-38.3155755 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Governor landed at Point Nepean, where a Lighthouse will probably be erected as soon as circumstances will permit."

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]]> 0.0272618,51.509862 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On the eastern extremity of Indented Head, adjoining Swan Pond, His Excellency fixed the site of a proposed Custom House station, commanding alike the entrance into Gedney Harbour, and the channels leading up to Point Gellibrand."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.7081973,-38.1387195 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On the eastern extremity of Indented Head, adjoining Swan Pond, His Excellency fixed the site of a proposed Custom House station, commanding alike the entrance into Gedney Harbour, and the channels leading up to Point Gellibrand."

TLCMap

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]]> 150.1809478,-23.2066376 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Occasion was taken by the way to lay down with precision the Crocodile Rock in Bass' Straits, which has hitherto occupied an uncertain position on the charts."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9099177,-37.8677421 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Point Gellibrand, at the mouth of the Yarrow-yarrow, is at the extremity of Hobson's Bay, the anchorage of all vessels of any considerable burden."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.2488616,-33.8462182 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On the eastern extremity of Indented Head, adjoining Swan Pond, His Excellency fixed the site of a proposed Custom House station, commanding alike the entrance into Gedney Harbour, and the channels leading up to Point Gellibrand."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It was high time, before more capital should be wasted in building, to mark out the streets and allotments, and thus save to the people, and to the future Government of Port Phillip, the trouble which has been experienced here in drilling our awkward squad of misplaced houses under the provisions of an alignment act."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This place was already assuming the appearance of a small village; of such a village, probably, as Sydney has appeared within the memory of many living persons."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This drought was a circumstance, however, which could not fail to strike the visitors of Port Phillip very forcibly, after the confident assertions of immunity from this Australian plague, so frequently indulged in by the admirers of the new settlement."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9099177,-37.8677421 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On the eastern extremity of Indented Head, adjoining Swan Pond, His Excellency fixed the site of a proposed Custom House station, commanding alike the entrance into Gedney Harbour, and the channels leading up to Point Gellibrand."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9630576,-37.8136276 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"After staying several days at the settlement, where a township was laid out under the name of Melbourne, the Governor and party started for Geelong, by which name is understood the country skirting Geelong Harbour to the westward from Melbourne (that is, to the encampment taken up by the party, within three or four miles of the western extremity of the harbour of Geelong) , stretched over a country consisting, for the most part, of very flat and dreary plains."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.3598426,-38.1492994 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"After staying several days at the settlement, where a township was laid out under the name of Melbourne, the Governor and party started for Geelong, by which name is understood the country skirting Geelong Harbour to the westward from Melbourne (that is, to the encampment taken up by the party, within three or four miles of the western extremity of the harbour of Geelong) , stretched over a country consisting, for the most part, of very flat and dreary plains."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.367555922761,-38.14403892087054 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"After staying several days at the settlement, where a township was laid out under the name of Melbourne, the Governor and party started for Geelong, by which name is understood the country skirting Geelong Harbour to the westward from Melbourne (that is, to the encampment taken up by the party, within three or four miles of the western extremity of the harbour of Geelong) , stretched over a country consisting, for the most part, of very flat and dreary plains."

TLCMap

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]]> 150.1809478,-23.2066376 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The S. E. end of the Crocodile Rock, for a space of probably fifty yards, is elevated about three or four feet above the level of the sea at high water, from which a reef appears to extend three quarters of a mile to the N. W. Soundings in coral bottom were obtained at one mile south from the reef in forty fathoms; one and a half mile west in forty-two, and three miles N. W. , in forty-five fathoms."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9630576,-37.8136276 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"After staying several days at the settlement, where a township was laid out under the name of Melbourne, the Governor and party started for Geelong, by which name is understood the country skirting Geelong Harbour to the westward from Melbourne (that is, to the encampment taken up by the party, within three or four miles of the western extremity of the harbour of Geelong) , stretched over a country consisting, for the most part, of very flat and dreary plains."

TLCMap

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]]> 150.1809478,-23.2066376 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"* The following letter (from The Government Gazette) describes the position of the Crocodile Rock in Bass' Straits, as determined by bearings taken on board the Rattlesnake, February 28, 1837."

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]]> 150.1809478,-23.2066376 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sir, —I have the honour and satisfaction to acquaint you, that the situation of the Crocodile Rock in Bass' Straits, which has hitherto been much dreaded from its doubtful position in the Charts, was fully and satisfactorily determined on the 28th ultimo, by bearings taken on board His Majesty's Ship Rattlesnake, under my command."

TLCMap

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]]> 150.1809478,-23.2066376 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Crocodile Rock bears S. 42° E. magnetic (S. 34° E. true) six miles from Redondo."

TLCMap

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]]> -7.589737200000001,38.63714239999999 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From the Eastward—Pass to the southward of the Devil's Tower, and steer W. by S. (magnetic) until Redondo bears to the northward of N. W. ½ N. (magnetic)."

TLCMap

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]]> 150.1809478,-23.2066376 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"DIRECTIONS TO AVOID THE CROCODILE ROCK."

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]]> 121.6283098,-27.6728168 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From the Eastward—Pass to the southward of the Devil's Tower, and steer W. by S. (magnetic) until Redondo bears to the northward of N. W. ½ N. (magnetic)."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> -7.589737200000001,38.63714239999999 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Crocodile Rock bears S. 42° E. magnetic (S. 34° E. true) six miles from Redondo."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.5884001,-37.399641 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From Geelong the party proceeded in a north-eastern direction towards Mount Macedon, the nearest point to Port Phillip attained by Major Mitchell."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.3598426,-38.1492994 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From Geelong the party proceeded in a north-eastern direction towards Mount Macedon, the nearest point to Port Phillip attained by Major Mitchell."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.4301958,-38.1468463 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Vessels of tolerable burden can anchor and discharge their cargo off Point Henry."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.3598426,-38.1492994 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On arriving at Geelong, an agreeable change takes place in the appearance of the country."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"From Geelong the party proceeded in a north-eastern direction towards Mount Macedon, the nearest point to Port Phillip attained by Major Mitchell."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.367555922761,-38.14403892087054 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Within a short distance of Geelong Harbour it is indeed fresh, but divided from the harbour by a ridge of considerable elevation."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.5884001,-37.399641 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This will be published, and will form a valuable addition to Major Mitchell's recent sketches, continuing his outline onwards from Mount Macedon to the coast."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"While the Governor was at Port Phillip, a space of one month, returns were received of the arrival of ninety-eight persons, and about 12, 000 sheep."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.5884001,-37.399641 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The party ultimately reached and ascended Mount Macedon, and took there the same bearings which Major Mitchell had previously taken."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9630576,-37.8136276 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The sale of a certain portion of the town allotments in Melbourne and William's Town is directed to take place at the spot, in June next, to enable the parties already settled there to purchase sites for their houses without coming to Sydney."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The sales of land will, in all probability, take place in future cases at Sydney, the present exception being allowed solely in consideration of the special circumstances."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The sale of a certain portion of the town allotments in Melbourne and William's Town is directed to take place at the spot, in June next, to enable the parties already settled there to purchase sites for their houses without coming to Sydney."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To the Editor of the Sydney Gazette."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 3."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 3."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"in his last expedition, and you have in your paper of the 22nd instant, justified the murder of Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse from all these causes."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To the Editor of the Sydney Gazette."

TLCMap

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]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"in his last expedition, and you have in your paper of the 22nd instant, justified the murder of Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse from all these causes."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.7081973,-38.1387195 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"After going over some part of the country, Mr. B. returned to Van Diemen's Land, leaving three men in charge of a hut at Indented Head."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Of Major Mitchell's affair I know nothing but from report, nor do I wish to interfere with it; but of Port Phillip, which is under immediate consideration, I possess accurate knowledge, and it is hoped that the following facts may be acceptable."

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]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In your paper of last Saturday, I see the deceased native is magnified into a chief, and also, that a chief has said, the murder of Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse is in consequence of so many of his tribe having fallen by the whites."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.096598,-38.2138988 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"the first chief was the greatest renegade even among his own companions ever known; this information I have from several of his comrades, and also from Buckley."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"party of natives, who were rather too quick sighted for the whites - I do believe escaped injury, though it is certain several shots were fired; - if I am not mistaken there are two Sydney natives now in this town, who were of the offensive party, and can vouch for the truth of this particular."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"the world; and it is not unlikely from the part of the country where Messrs. G. and H. were, their murderers never saw a white man before, much less be actuated by the acquittal of a man in Sydney, which took place after the murder"

TLCMap

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]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In your paper of last Saturday, I see the deceased native is magnified into a chief, and also, that a chief has said, the murder of Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse is in consequence of so many of his tribe having fallen by the whites."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"GELLIBRAND AND HESSE."

TLCMap

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]]> -76.085227,40.1017643 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"loyalty and kindness has ever been fruitless virtues with all savages, at all times in every part of the globe, and in no part more than in New Holland."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The distressing absence of Mr. Gellibrand and Mr. Hesse, caused me, when at Port Phillip, to travel from the Settlement to Geelong, in order to obtain the most authentic information of everything connected with their fate."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"GELLIBRAND AND HESSE."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 1.753449,52.48113799999999 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The first account is from a gentleman who came up from Port Phillip in the Lowestoft, the last vessel arrived from that settlement; the latter is communicated by a gentleman who received his information by letter from a resident at Port Phillip, by the same vessel: -"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The first account is from a gentleman who came up from Port Phillip in the Lowestoft, the last vessel arrived from that settlement; the latter is communicated by a gentleman who received his information by letter from a resident at Port Phillip, by the same vessel: -"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The first account is from a gentleman who came up from Port Phillip in the Lowestoft, the last vessel arrived from that settlement; the latter is communicated by a gentleman who received his information by letter from a resident at Port Phillip, by the same vessel: -"

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 153.5334025,-28.6533749 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The junction of two rivers, the Byron and the Leigh, where they form the Barwan, is the place near which the ford was thought to be; and that junction was not more than about nine miles from Captain Pollock's."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.3598426,-38.1492994 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The distressing absence of Mr. Gellibrand and Mr. Hesse, caused me, when at Port Phillip, to travel from the Settlement to Geelong, in order to obtain the most authentic information of everything connected with their fate."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> -2.5197063,53.4950214 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The junction of two rivers, the Byron and the Leigh, where they form the Barwan, is the place near which the ford was thought to be; and that junction was not more than about nine miles from Captain Pollock's."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 151.2124189,-25.5849441 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"On leaving Captain Pollock's, they proceeded, accompanied by a man named Aiker, as a guide, for the purpose of reaching a station of Captain Swanston's, situate upon the river Leigh, as it was supposed Aiker knew where to ford the river."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

", to the wood in which the last traces of Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse were observed."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.6985569472199,-29.49591194652932 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In travelling this route, the party found that instead of crossing the Leigh River, Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse, together with Aiker, crossed the Byron, upon the bank of which they slept, thinking it to be the Barwan which circumstance no doubt was the first cause of their losing their way."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.6985569472199,-29.49591194652932 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The junction of two rivers, the Byron and the Leigh, where they form the Barwan, is the place near which the ford was thought to be; and that junction was not more than about nine miles from Captain Pollock's."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 153.5334025,-28.6533749 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In travelling this route, the party found that instead of crossing the Leigh River, Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse, together with Aiker, crossed the Byron, upon the bank of which they slept, thinking it to be the Barwan which circumstance no doubt was the first cause of their losing their way."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

", to the wood in which the last traces of Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse were observed."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.3598426,-38.1492994 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""The absence of Mr. Gellibrand from the settlement, where he was expected to arrive from Geelong, created there considerable alarm; and until a fortnight after he left Captain Pollock's, those of his friends who were in Geelong, had no conception but that he must have reached the settlement."

TLCMap

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]]> 28.9769619,41.0238828 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Many days after Messrs. Cowie and Stead went with the same guide to the place where he parted from Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse, from whence the party traced their horses nine miles; when they lost their track, near the junction of two rivers in the neighbourhood of the Karakoi tribe—the most murderous near Port Phillip, and in a state of ferocious exasperation caused by the shooting of their chief."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Many days after Messrs. Cowie and Stead went with the same guide to the place where he parted from Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse, from whence the party traced their horses nine miles; when they lost their track, near the junction of two rivers in the neighbourhood of the Karakoi tribe—the most murderous near Port Phillip, and in a state of ferocious exasperation caused by the shooting of their chief."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Many days after Messrs. Cowie and Stead went with the same guide to the place where he parted from Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse, from whence the party traced their horses nine miles; when they lost their track, near the junction of two rivers in the neighbourhood of the Karakoi tribe—the most murderous near Port Phillip, and in a state of ferocious exasperation caused by the shooting of their chief."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.3598426,-38.1492994 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The party consisted of the following—Mr. T. Gellibrand, Mr. Malcolm, Mr. Bolger, Dr. Cotton, and another gentleman, accompanied by Buckley, two natives from the neighbourhood of Geelong, a constable, and three prisoners of the crown; since which period up to the 5th inst."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Many days after Messrs. Cowie and Stead went with the same guide to the place where he parted from Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse, from whence the party traced their horses nine miles; when they lost their track, near the junction of two rivers in the neighbourhood of the Karakoi tribe—the most murderous near Port Phillip, and in a state of ferocious exasperation caused by the shooting of their chief."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 36.4716002,35.4907542 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A tribe of more friendly natives residing between the Karakoi hunting grounds on the Barabul Hills and the settlement, have very recently reported that Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse have been tomahawked by the Karakoi tribe, and their horses speared, at no great distance from the place to which the horses had been traced by Messrs. Cowie and Stead; and a party has been sent with the friendly natives in search of the bodies of the unfortunate gentlemen."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 28.9769619,41.0238828 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A tribe of more friendly natives residing between the Karakoi hunting grounds on the Barabul Hills and the settlement, have very recently reported that Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse have been tomahawked by the Karakoi tribe, and their horses speared, at no great distance from the place to which the horses had been traced by Messrs. Cowie and Stead; and a party has been sent with the friendly natives in search of the bodies of the unfortunate gentlemen."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""Amongst all the vices of the New South Wales Aborigines, in and about the settlement of Port Phillip, it appears they are free from the detestable vice of falsehood; therefore their statement is the more credible. ""

TLCMap

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]]> 148.4362187,-26.0606762 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We have no Cornwall Chronicle this week."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

""Amongst all the vices of the New South Wales Aborigines, in and about the settlement of Port Phillip, it appears they are free from the detestable vice of falsehood; therefore their statement is the more credible. ""

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Launceston Advertiser of this morning gives the average at 6s."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 148.4362187,-26.0606762 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—The Cornwall Chronicle, reached us on Tuesday, as usual, in which we find that the Launceston market is as before."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.8506871,-43.1396117 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"; Port Arthur coals 12s."

TLCMap

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—The Cornwall Chronicle, reached us on Tuesday, as usual, in which we find that the Launceston market is as before."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> -1.1424441,52.6323593 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Market Prices, New Wharf, April 27."

TLCMap

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"WE have received Hobart Town papers to the 6th inst."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"; Sydney ditto 42s. ; potatoes £5 to £7 per ton; carrots 6s."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sydney Gazette."

TLCMap

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"ADVANCE AUSTRALIA Sydney Gazette."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Isabella with troops and stores, on her passage from Sydney, experienced a heavy breeze of wind from the S. W. , which compelled the captain to consign"

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]]> -2.327480843616569,52.83816401015793 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"How they have received this news we are yet to learn, seeing that they do not report the arrival of any vessel from England of that date."

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]]> 151.2084553,-33.839367 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We perceive, by our contemporaries' files, that they quote from London journals of the 28th January, while the latest papers which have been received here, only go down to the 10th."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 144.9630576,-37.8136276 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Considerable dissatisfaction is expressed amongst the settlers at the limited order of Sir Richard Bourke for the sale of the town allotments, one hundred only being permitted to be sold in the township of Melbourne, and seven only in William Town, while there are upwards of two hundred applicants for them now residing in the first-named township."

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]]> 146.7602508,-41.8602187 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Our correspondent states likewise, that the natives report the finding of the bodies of Messrs. Gellibrand and Hesse near the Great Lake, and their horses, which had been speared, but not killed."

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]]> 151.8442669,-32.8115041 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Considerable dissatisfaction is expressed amongst the settlers at the limited order of Sir Richard Bourke for the sale of the town allotments, one hundred only being permitted to be sold in the township of Melbourne, and seven only in William Town, while there are upwards of two hundred applicants for them now residing in the first-named township."

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]]> 121.6283098,-27.6728168 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Isabella with troops and stores, on her passage from Sydney, experienced a heavy breeze of wind from the S. W. , which compelled the captain to consign"

TLCMap

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]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"GELLIBRAND AND HESSE."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"They complain of being given up a sacrifice to the great dealers, Jews and graziers of Sydney."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sir Richard might, we think, have commanded the sale of as many allotments on the spot, as might be required by present settlers; sufficient, then, would have remained for the speculators at Sydney and"

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]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"GELLIBRAND AND HESSE."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The exports for the last quarter from the port of Launceston amount to £178, 185; of which amount £66, 684 is the value of the exports to the mother country, £60, 000 and upwards the value of sheep and stock sent to Port Phillip and Spencer's Gulph, and £1, 500 value of exports to the Mauritius."

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]]> 57.55215200000001,-20.348404 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The exports for the last quarter from the port of Launceston amount to £178, 185; of which amount £66, 684 is the value of the exports to the mother country, £60, 000 and upwards the value of sheep and stock sent to Port Phillip and Spencer's Gulph, and £1, 500 value of exports to the Mauritius."

TLCMap

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> -80.24816659999999,43.5448048 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The exports for the last quarter from the port of Launceston amount to £178, 185; of which amount £66, 684 is the value of the exports to the mother country, £60, 000 and upwards the value of sheep and stock sent to Port Phillip and Spencer's Gulph, and £1, 500 value of exports to the Mauritius."

TLCMap

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The exports for the last quarter from the port of Launceston amount to £178, 185; of which amount £66, 684 is the value of the exports to the mother country, £60, 000 and upwards the value of sheep and stock sent to Port Phillip and Spencer's Gulph, and £1, 500 value of exports to the Mauritius."

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]]> 141.6361111,-38.3291667 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Of the £60, 000 in stock, not more than £17, 172 is under the head of Southern Australia, including Spencer's Gulph, Portland Bay, and Port Fairy; the remainder going to Port Phillip."

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]]> 133.775136,-25.274398 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Of the £60, 000 in stock, not more than £17, 172 is under the head of Southern Australia, including Spencer's Gulph, Portland Bay, and Port Fairy; the remainder going to Port Phillip."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Of the £60, 000 in stock, not more than £17, 172 is under the head of Southern Australia, including Spencer's Gulph, Portland Bay, and Port Fairy; the remainder going to Port Phillip."

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]]> -2.4290148,53.8337367 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The imports during the same period from Great Britain amounted to £31, 679 11s. ; from New South Wales £17, 537 3s."

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The imports during the same period from Great Britain amounted to £31, 679 11s. ; from New South Wales £17, 537 3s."

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]]> 121.6283098,-27.6728168 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"; South and West Australia £280; Mauritius £147 10s."

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]]> 57.55215200000001,-20.348404 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"; South and West Australia £280; Mauritius £147 10s."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The James Watt steamer, at a late hour yesterday, brought the Hobart Town papers to the 24th inclusive."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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]]> 136.2091547,-30.0002315 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"; South and West Australia £280; Mauritius £147 10s."

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]]> 116.0538088,-34.4816796 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The township is marked out into twenty seven acre allotments, in straight angles intersected with four very long front streets, 99 feet wide, named Lonsdale, Bourke, Collins, and Flinders street."

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]]> 144.9630576,-37.8136276 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Fawkner has also favored us with a sight of the plan of that part of the town of Melbourne, which borders on the River Yarrah Yarrah, as far as it is yet laid out."

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]]> 144.9887218,-37.7979219 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Fawkner has also favored us with a sight of the plan of that part of the town of Melbourne, which borders on the River Yarrah Yarrah, as far as it is yet laid out."

TLCMap

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]]> 138.5010094,-35.1150725 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The township is marked out into twenty seven acre allotments, in straight angles intersected with four very long front streets, 99 feet wide, named Lonsdale, Bourke, Collins, and Flinders street."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 145.9377648,-30.0888375 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The township is marked out into twenty seven acre allotments, in straight angles intersected with four very long front streets, 99 feet wide, named Lonsdale, Bourke, Collins, and Flinders street."

TLCMap

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]]> 143.9370758,-39.87534770000001 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The cross streets are called, Spencer, Elizabeth, King, William, Queen, Swanston, Russell, Stephen, and Spring-Streets."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9635146,-37.8185169 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The township is marked out into twenty seven acre allotments, in straight angles intersected with four very long front streets, 99 feet wide, named Lonsdale, Bourke, Collins, and Flinders street."

TLCMap

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]]> 138.6692119,-34.7216115 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The cross streets are called, Spencer, Elizabeth, King, William, Queen, Swanston, Russell, Stephen, and Spring-Streets."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.1475271,-33.4597528 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The cross streets are called, Spencer, Elizabeth, King, William, Queen, Swanston, Russell, Stephen, and Spring-Streets."

TLCMap

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]]> 149.1498316,-35.2967152 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The cross streets are called, Spencer, Elizabeth, King, William, Queen, Swanston, Russell, Stephen, and Spring-Streets."

TLCMap

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]]> 147.7411226,-42.3395505 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The cross streets are called, Spencer, Elizabeth, King, William, Queen, Swanston, Russell, Stephen, and Spring-Streets."

TLCMap

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Australian (Sydney, NSW : 1824 - 1848) , p. 3."

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]]> 116.8791608,-33.0277557 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The cross streets are called, Spencer, Elizabeth, King, William, Queen, Swanston, Russell, Stephen, and Spring-Streets."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Henry arrived from Port Phillip yesterday morning."

TLCMap

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]]> 148.4362187,-26.0606762 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the Cornwall Chronicle of the 6th instant, we learn, that the Gem, with Judge Montagu on board, has returned to port after being three weeks at sea, she having been unable to reach her place of destination — Port Phillip, owing to contrary winds, and excessive boisterous weather."

TLCMap

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"— Launceston Advertiser, May 11."

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]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By her, we regret, to find that the fate of poor Gellibrand and Hesse, is placed beyond doubt."

TLCMap

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]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By her, we regret, to find that the fate of poor Gellibrand and Hesse, is placed beyond doubt."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By the Cornwall Chronicle of the 6th instant, we learn, that the Gem, with Judge Montagu on board, has returned to port after being three weeks at sea, she having been unable to reach her place of destination — Port Phillip, owing to contrary winds, and excessive boisterous weather."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The following return will show the number of sheep, cattle, and horses, exported to Port Philip and Southern Australia; — To Port Philip — 24, 736 sheep, 57 cattle, 21 horses."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The following return will show the number of sheep, cattle, and horses, exported to Port Philip and Southern Australia; — To Port Philip — 24, 736 sheep, 57 cattle, 21 horses."

TLCMap

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]]> 136.2091547,-30.0002315 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"To South Australia — 8, 319 sheep, 102 cattle, 15 horses."

TLCMap

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]]> 115.8616783,-31.9513993 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The body of M'Kay arrived at Perth, at two o'clock on Friday last, and was on the same day attached to the gibbet 20 feet high, which had been prepared for it, about 40 yards off the main road, and as near as possible opposite the spot where the murder was committed."

TLCMap

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"HOBART TOWN NEWS."

TLCMap

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]]> -1.1424441,52.6323593 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Market Prices, New Wharf, May 11."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

", Sydney ditto 48s."

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]]> 147.8506871,-43.1396117 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

", Port Arthur coals 12s."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"HOBART TOWN NEWS."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.539032,-38.5335724 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"GELLIBRAND AND HESSE."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 143.870744,-38.0821133 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"GELLIBRAND AND HESSE."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW : 1803 - 1842) , p. 2."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 144.4301958,-38.1468463 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"These three reached Capt. Pollock's station about eighteen miles from Point Henry on the evening of the 22nd, and there slept."

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"brand and Hesse intended to pass the back of Mt Vilumnata (the station peak of Flinders) , and thence calling at such stations as they might find in their way, hasten to the settlement in expectation of finding that Sir Richard Bourke had by that time arrived from Sydney."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.4301958,-38.1468463 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It appears that they reached Point Henry in Port Philip, by the brig Henry, on the 21st of February, and at once made arrangements for their intended ex-"

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It appears that they reached Point Henry in Port Philip, by the brig Henry, on the 21st of February, and at once made arrangements for their intended ex-"

TLCMap

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]]> 151.207684,-33.8622503 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Mr. Gellibrand, during his late visit to Sydney, had evidently formed a high opinion of the character of Sir Richard Bourke, and anticipated that much benefit would result from his visit to the infant Colony."

TLCMap

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]]> 87.93470579999999,23.9294316 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In this case they would have been on the upper side of the Leigh, and near the stations they were seeking; but instead of this, mistaking the place of junction, they recrossed above it, and so only passed to the other side of the Burwan."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 87.93470579999999,23.9294316 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At this place they crossed the Burwan, intending afterwards to pass below the point where the Leigh falls into it."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> -2.5197063,53.4950214 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"At this place they crossed the Burwan, intending afterwards to pass below the point where the Leigh falls into it."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> -2.5197063,53.4950214 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In this case they would have been on the upper side of the Leigh, and near the stations they were seeking; but instead of this, mistaking the place of junction, they recrossed above it, and so only passed to the other side of the Burwan."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.3598426,-38.1492994 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Landing at Geelong, they found it would be impossible there to fit out an expedi-"

TLCMap

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]]> 144.3598426,-38.1492994 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Provisions for one month were forwarded by water to Geelong."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.3598426,-38.1492994 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The first party reached Geelong on the 18th of April where they found that a native had the day previous come from the westward, bringing full particulars of the massacre of the two white men by"

TLCMap

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]]> 144.7442073,-37.6920638 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The whole of the Baraboul Hill natives were in the highest state of excitement."

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Thus the matter stood, when upon the arrival of the Rev. Mr. Naylor and C. O. Parsons, Esq. , at Port Phillip."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.7442073,-37.6920638 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Near this spot, however, the Baraboul Hill blacks formed, with the intention of stealing down upon the hostile ones, in order to seize some of them."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.2262889,-38.1700015 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"By far the greater number of the settlers and sheep proprietors reside about seventy miles to the westward, near a spot called the Barrabool."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Some grain is in cultivation, and judging from present appearances, Port Phillip and the located parts will yield good returns to the speculators, and become a flourishing Colony."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There are now three public-houses at Port Phillip, and several stores."

TLCMap

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]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 6."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"POST TO PORT PHILLIP."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We last week directed the attention of the Go­vernment to the importance of establishing an overland Post to Port Phillip, and pointed out where the stations might be formed."

TLCMap

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]]> 145.7578403,-34.6513496 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We have since seen a wealthy and respectable settler who resides on the banks of the Murrumbidgee, and who has expressed his willingness, at once, to enter into a contract with Government for the conveyance of the mail."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"POST TO PORT PHILLIP."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"This gentleman is acquainted with the route, having performed the journey himself about the close of last year, and is consequently well able to give an opinion of its facility and practicability; he moreover showed the propriety, and, indeed, the absolute necessity of forming a Post, and that without delay, for the purpose of intercepting runaways and bushrangers, who otherwise will flock thither and become more troublesome, and indeed far more dangerous to the isolated settlers of Port Phillip than the Aborigines themselves."

TLCMap

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]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"* By the Launceston papers received on Monday last, by the Brig Richard Bell, we find that from the 13th to the 17th ultimo, both inclusive, no less than seven vessels of"

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"What an inducement then does not this road, which is now well beaten, offer to assigned servants to steal horses and other things, and then make a start across the country to Port Phillip, there to have a chance of embarking in some of the numerous vessels that are now touching at that Port."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"un­less an overland post and stations are formed, and a police established; for long before The Government Gazette containing the list of run­aways and bushrangers can reach the authorities at Port Phillip by the mail as at present for­warded, via Launceston, abundance of oppor­tunities will have been afforded, for escape from the colony."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 151.0263232,-33.7963384 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—The Presbytery of Van Dieman's Land have asserted the rights of their country and their Church, by proceeding with the ordination and induction of the Rev. Thomas Dove, as minister of Oatlands, notwithstanding the very discreditable opposition of the "prelacy church militant. ""

TLCMap

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]]> 151.2084553,-33.839367 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"We consider it fortunate that Dr. Lang was in London when this matter would be before ministers."

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]]> 147.3257196,-42.8826055 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"In the interval, we fear that the church will not be regularly supplied in conse­quence of the removal of the Rev. Mr. Dove to his own charge at Oatlands; unless Captain Wood may be induced for a time to sacrifice the immediate in­terests of his own family, to the advancement of the more general interests of religion in his own national Church, by sending his domestic chaplain and the tutor of his family, the Rev. Robert Russell, to re­side for a few weeks in Hobart Town, until the minister arrives."

TLCMap

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]]> 144.9666905,-37.8464983 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Already has an advertisement ap­peared in the colonial Journals of a mare having been stolen by bushrangers, the owners of which are pretty well assured that Port Phillip is their destination; we therefore again impress upon the Government the indispensable necessity of a Post, if for no other purpose than the safe keeping of the convicts in New South Wales."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 147.1357671,-41.439068 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"un­less an overland post and stations are formed, and a police established; for long before The Government Gazette containing the list of run­aways and bushrangers can reach the authorities at Port Phillip by the mail as at present for­warded, via Launceston, abundance of oppor­tunities will have been afforded, for escape from the colony."

TLCMap

TLCMap Layer

]]> 146.921099,-31.2532183 #TLCMapStyle

Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Already has an advertisement ap­peared in the colonial Journals of a mare having been stolen by bushrangers, the owners of which are pretty well assured that Port Phillip is their destination; we therefore again impress upon the Government the indispensable necessity of a Post, if for no other purpose than the safe keeping of the convicts in New South Wales."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—The inhabitants of Port Phillip, says The Hobart Town Courier, entertain little fear of attacks from the Aborigines in those places which have been located."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—On Saturday next, June 10, at ten o'clock p. m. , a meeting of merchants and others is advertised to be held at the rooms of the Union Marine Assurance Company in George Street, where certain correspondence with the Government on the subject of a grant of a plot of ground for the site of the proposed building, will be laid before the per­sons present, and further resolutions proposed for the purpose of carrying into effect, as soon as possible, so excellent an undertaking."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—Great complaints are made in Sydney at the frequency of changing the Postmen—the in­habitants do not like to see so many fresh faces in­trusted with their letters; if the pay is not sufficient to induce reputable men to continue to act as letter carriers, Mr. Raymond should increase it."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"PORT PHILLIP."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"—The inhabitants of Port Phillip, says The Hobart Town Courier, entertain little fear of attacks from the Aborigines in those places which have been located."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"There are now three public houses at Port Phillip, and several stores."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Some grain is in cultivation, and judg­ing from present appearances, Port Phillip and the located parts will yield good returns to the specula­tors and become a flourishing colony."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sale of horses, cattle, and sheep, will be held quarterly at Maitland by Mr. P. H. Rapsey, the first will take place in August next; this will be a great con­venience to the settlers around, and a benefit to the town of Maitland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Sale of horses, cattle, and sheep, will be held quarterly at Maitland by Mr. P. H. Rapsey, the first will take place in August next; this will be a great con­venience to the settlers around, and a benefit to the town of Maitland."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"C. W. Finch, Esq. , of Sydney, is appointed Po­lice Magistrate at Patrick's Plains, vice Captain Forbes resigned; and Mr. John Liscombe to be Co­roner for the district of Bathurst in the room of Mr. Gilbert Wright, resigned."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"999 tons, conveying no less than 4348 sheep had sailed from the Port of Launceston for the settlement of Port Phillip, as follows: May 13, the Schooner Eagle, Fawthorp, 107 tons, stores; 13, the Schooner Hetty, Trundle, 107 tons, 658 sheep; 15, the barque Africaine, Duff, 315 tons, 1030 sheep; 16, the Brig Henry, Whiting, 145 tons, 750 sheep; 16, the Brig Siren, Bell, 141 tons, 700 sheep; 17, the Schooner John Dunscomb, M'Lean, 88 tons, 600 sheep; 17, the Schooner Adelaide, M'Cleland, 96 tons, 610 sheep."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"999 tons, conveying no less than 4348 sheep had sailed from the Port of Launceston for the settlement of Port Phillip, as follows: May 13, the Schooner Eagle, Fawthorp, 107 tons, stores; 13, the Schooner Hetty, Trundle, 107 tons, 658 sheep; 15, the barque Africaine, Duff, 315 tons, 1030 sheep; 16, the Brig Henry, Whiting, 145 tons, 750 sheep; 16, the Brig Siren, Bell, 141 tons, 700 sheep; 17, the Schooner John Dunscomb, M'Lean, 88 tons, 600 sheep; 17, the Schooner Adelaide, M'Cleland, 96 tons, 610 sheep."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"A Court of General Quarter Sessions will be held at Maitland on Monday, June 12, at ten o'clock, A. M. , when all prosecutors, defendants, and witnesses, are warned to attend."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"C. W. Finch, Esq. , of Sydney, is appointed Po­lice Magistrate at Patrick's Plains, vice Captain Forbes resigned; and Mr. John Liscombe to be Co­roner for the district of Bathurst in the room of Mr. Gilbert Wright, resigned."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Six months have now elapsed since, according to His Excellency's judicious selection, Port Phillip was fixed upon as the scene of missionary exertion, and Mr. LANGHORNE, who had previously been engaged in teaching a few blacks on Goat Island, was sent thither to form an establishment."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"It cannot be expected that they will be able, for some time, to appreciate the blessings of education, and, therefore, they will not be anxious to avail themselves of the means placed within their reach; but, we have no doubt, if the missionaries imitate the example of ELIOTT, and go after them, as he did after the roving tribes in America, they will, in the course of time, induce some to reside at the station. ""

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"Six months have now elapsed since, according to His Excellency's judicious selection, Port Phillip was fixed upon as the scene of missionary exertion, and Mr. LANGHORNE, who had previously been engaged in teaching a few blacks on Goat Island, was sent thither to form an establishment."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"The Colonist (Sydney, NSW : 1835 - 1840) , p. 2."

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Historical descriptions of colonial violence contain racist language and attitudes of the time.

"999 tons, conveying no less than 4348 sheep had sailed from the Port of Launceston for the settlement of Port Phillip, as follows: May 13, the Schooner Eagle, Fawthorp, 107 tons, stores; 13, the Schooner Hetty, Trundle, 107 tons, 658 sheep; 15, the barque Africaine, Duff, 315 tons, 1030 sheep; 16, the Brig Henry, Whiting, 145 tons, 750 sheep; 16, the Brig Siren, Bell, 141 tons, 700 sheep; 17, the Schooner John Dunscomb, M'Lean, 88 tons, 600 sheep; 17, the Schooner Adelaide, M'Cleland, 96 tons, 610 sheep."

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