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Resources<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

The South Australian Frontier and It's Legacies<\/a><\/p>\r\n

<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Narrative: Frontier War on the Eyre Peninsula (Nauo and Barngarla Country)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

In 1839, the British flag was planted at Port Lincoln, a young colonial settlement at the southern end of South Australia’s Eyre Peninsula. Eyre Peninsula was named for the colonial explorer Edward John Eyre, but this is Aboriginal Country: Nauo to the south-west, Barngarla to the east and north, and Wirangu to the north west. Well before the planting of the British flag, Nauo and Barngarla people had familiarised themselves with the presence of European whalers, who remained close to the coastline. Some interactions were accommodating, with one group returning for several years and employing local men to cart water and provide timber in return for goods, while others were violent and involved the abduction of Aboriginal women.i<\/a> Throughout this period however, newcomers visits were transient, Aboriginal people remained in control of their Country and there were no major interruptions to traditional Aboriginal society.ii<\/a> This tentative co-existence shifted in 1839 when permanent European occupation occurred, with colonists attracted by the natural harbour and fertile pastoral land. By 1840, roughly 220 Europeans had established a permanent settlement around the township of Port Lincoln, connected by ship to Adelaide.iii<\/a> However, their numbers were small compared to the population of several thousand traditional owners who occupied the peninsula’s large hinterland and resource rich coastline.iv<\/a><\/p>\r\n

The first sign of conflict came in October 1840 when the son of shipowner and merchant, 12 year old Frank Hawson, was fatally speared at an outstation on the family’s sheep run. According to Frank’s testimony (taken at his deathbed), a group of Aboriginal people had approached Frank requesting food, and when he refused to give more than minimal provisions, the encounter escalated to violence. As tensions simmered, Governor George Grey appointed a Government Resident to the district with instructions to ensure 'an impartial administration of justice between the Settlers and the Aborigines.'v<\/a> However, as the permanency of European occupation became apparent and Europeans and their stock spread further inland, the conditions for a frontier war took root.vi<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Over the coming year, Aboriginal resistance to encroaching dispossession proved to be concerted and strategic. Some of the methods Aboriginal people employed to drive settlers away were directed towards the destruction of pastoral property: for instance, vandalizing shepherds’ huts, seizing food and goods from huts, assaulting hutkeepers, spearing stock, destroying fences, digging up crops, and setting crops alight. In early March 1842, stock-owner John Brown and his hutkeeper Joseph Lovelock were fatally speared. In the wake of this, the Port Lincoln colonists petitioned the Governor, listing the increasing regularity of such threatening incidents and calling for ‘a Detachment of Military to be stationed here with about Twenty-five stand of spare arms for arming the inhabitants’.vii<\/a> Without military intervention the settlement could be abandoned altogether, they warned.<\/p>\r\n

Settlers’ requests for military support (implying they were fighting an enemy), were significant in light of the fact that all Aboriginal people in South Australia had been declared to be British subjects (although without treaties or Aboriginal people’s own consent) from the moment of the colony’s foundation. The imperial government’s hope was that the status of British subjecthood would endow Aboriginal people with legal protections from violence. More typically, across the continent and the island of Van Diemen’s Land, the legal fiction of their British subjecthood justified extraordinary measures of punitive policing against them.<\/p>\r\n

The Governor, George Grey, initially refused the colonists’ entreaties.viii<\/a> However, on receiving news of the murders of stockowner Rolles Biddle, his hutkeeper Elizabeth Tubbs and overseer James Fastins, Grey reversed his decision. Biddle, Tubbs and Fastins were killed at Biddle’s station in what colonial observers understood to be a planned attack. German missionary Clamor Schürmann had been appointed Sub Protector of Aborigines for the Port Lincoln district in late 1840. A talented linguist, he acted as interpreter for local Aboriginal groups from whom he learned that the recent killings (i.e. of Brown, Lovelock, Biddle, Tubbs and Eastins) were a political act, the result of ‘a tribal <\/em>(national) decision’.ix<\/a> The recipient of Schürmann’s reports was Adelaide-based Protector of Aborigines Matthew Moorhouse, who wrote: ‘The Natives are fully aware of their numerical strength and no doubt feel emboldened by it’.x<\/a> The recently arrived Government Resident at Port Lincoln, Charles Driver, described the state of ‘general panic’ that descended on the settlement. Much farming activity beyond the safety of the township had been ‘suspended’, he wrote. Cattle stations were becoming ‘deserted and the Cattle running wild in the bush’.xi<\/a> Houses in the settlement were barricaded and women and children removed to the safety of Boston Island.xii<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Settlers at Port Lincoln were aware that threats against them were due to their occupation of the country, and they were also acutely aware of their own geographical disadvantage in the building state of frontier warfare. Located at the base of a peninsula, their tentative connection to Adelaide was by sea, 160 nautical miles across the lower Spencer Gulf, Investigator Strait and St Vincent’s Gulf. The longer overland route through the peninsula had not at that time been traversed by Europeans. This route crossed Nukunu and Barngarla country, which was as yet largely uncolonised. Writing from Port Lincoln, the Government Resident acknowledged that the geographical layout of the peninsula afforded Aboriginal people ‘so many advantages that the settlers must, for the present at least, confine their operations to the immediate vicinity of the Town’. Settlers’ fear of Aboriginal attack had, he said, ‘completely paralysed the industry of both the town and surrounding country’.xiii<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Following the Governor’s approval of military support for the Port Lincoln settlers, a detachment of fifteen men of the 96th Foot Regiment arrived under the command of Lieutenant Hugonin. From 18 April until 11 July, a paramilitary force consisting of Hugonin and his soldiers, police and settlers, patrolled the region around Port Lincoln. On several occasions, Schürmann was persuaded to accompany the force to act as an interpreter and ensure only guilty parties were arrested. From Schürmann’s diaries and reports, it is evident that innocent and unarmed Aboriginal people were shot, and that a culture of collusion and concealment existed among Hugonin, his men and the Government Resident.xiv<\/a><\/p>\r\n

It is also clear that the Aboriginal people encountered utilised their advantages and were not necessarily intimidated by the paramilitary force. On numerous occasions the pursuing party was unable to utilise their tactic of surprise attack. As Hugonin reported to Grey,<\/p>\r\n

The nature of the country is such that foot soldiers with a heavy firelock and belts have little chance of coming up with the Natives. Their accoutrements also make the attempt to surprise at night almost a certain failure, and should I be unsuccessful in the now proposed push into the heart of their country I must regret to state that it is my opinion that a military force, except employed as a Guard at the stations of the settlers, is at present totally useless in this settlement.<\/em>xv<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Pastoralist James Hawker notes in his memoir that he spoke with spoke with the ‘officer in charge’ – i.e. Hugonin – of the ‘detachment of the 96th Regiment’ who had been sent to Port Lincoln. Hawker likewise describes ‘soldiers on foot in heavy marching order’, sent to capture Aboriginal people who ‘knew every inch of country and could thus evade any attempt to make them prisoners!’; ‘Every movement of the soldiers was watched by scouts from the tribes. It was a miserable fiasco’. Hawker was informed that<\/p>\r\n

One day they [the soldiers] came to a swamp, across which they were unable to march. Fifty or sixty yards on the opposite side the natives mustered to look at them, having come out of a thick scrub a short distance in their rear. Shots were fired at them by the soldiers which, as the old Brown Bess musket would not carry effectively much more than half the distance, caused great amusement to the blacks, who danced and jeered at their adversaries for not coming across the swamp.<\/em>xvi<\/a><\/p>\r\n

During the 81 days he was on Eyre Peninsula, Hugonin reported a total of 13 fatalities. It is clear, however, that the presence and actions of the 96th did not necessarily have the intended intimidatory effect. By October, Schürmann was informed by cross-cultural intermediary Yutalta that ‘none of the murderers have died in consequence of the severe wounds which two or three of them had received’ from Hugonin’s men, that they were ‘not at all intimidated’ and ‘are bent upon hostilities against the white people’.xvii<\/a><\/p>\r\n

The Port Lincoln colonists again petitioned the Governor, stating that Yutalta (spelt Uteltea) had informed them that <\/p>\r\n

the Coffins Bay and Port Lincoln Tribes of Natives had coalesced for the express object of murdering all the whites in the Settlement, that they were endeavoring [sic] to prevail on another Tribe to join them also for this object, that they merely laugh at our Guns and say their spears are much better expressing the utmost confidence that before many moons are passed they will not leave a white person alive in Port Lincoln.<\/em>xviii<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Grey responded by sending Police Commissioner O’Halloran to Eyre Peninsula with instructions to ‘endeavour to capture any of the Aborigines who may be identified as having been concerned in the recent murders at that settlement’. The Governor made it clear that ‘no belligerent rights’ were to be exercised against ‘the Natives’ and no proceedings were to be adopted ‘but such as the Laws of England would authorise against Europeans who had been guilty of similar atrocities’. Grey entreated O’Halloran to demonstrate ‘humanity and discretion’ and provide a good example to the inhabitants of Port Lincoln.xix<\/a><\/p>\r\n

During his time on Eyre Peninsula, O’Halloran did not succeed in sighting or capturing those responsible for the earlier murders. However, on two occasions his party pursued and frightened large groups of Aboriginal people that included women and children, causing O’Halloran to report<\/p>\r\n

after having searchingly examined in all necessary directions the Country for a very considerable distance around Port Lincoln, & especially all the haunts of the “Battara Tribe”, & which will I feel convinced have a very happy effect in checking further outrages on the part of the natives generally, who were much alarmed at the rapidity of our movements, & are thus taught to dread our power.<\/em>xx<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Sporadic Aboriginal attacks continued on settlers’ stock and property over the next 12 months, and settlers were directly warned to leave.xxi<\/a> But by early 1844, Protector Matthew Moorhouse was reporting that outbreaks of violence were ‘not characterised by so much fierceness and determination as they formerly were’.xxii<\/a> Apart from the possible intimidatory effect of the 96th Regiment’s campaign and O’Halloran’s expedition, a possible reason for this shift was that settlers were starting to recognise the benefit of Aboriginal labour to the pastoral industry and had begun to employ Aboriginal people rather than drive them away from their own country. In his first report of 1845, Charles Driver commented on this point, noting that Aboriginal labour was becoming more prevalent on pastoral stations and that relations between Aboriginal people and Port Lincoln settlers were now more ‘conciliatory’.xxiii<\/a> Yet mindful of the fragility of peace, he warned that hostilities could again be provoked by ‘more extensive occupation of their country’.xxiv<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Contributors:<\/strong> Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck<\/p>\r\n

i<\/a> South Australian Association, Outline of the plan of a proposed colony…1834<\/em> (Adelaide: Austaprint, 1978), 70-71; ‘Two English Lads’, The Perth Gazette and Western Australian Journal<\/em>, 3 October 1835, 575.<\/p>\r\n

ii<\/a> Alan Pope, ‘The Battara Resistance: A Case Study in Aboriginal Resistance,’ History Teachers Association of SA<\/em> 1976, 29.<\/p>\r\n

iii<\/a> The South Australian Register<\/em>, 25 January 1840.<\/p>\r\n

iv<\/a> Calculated by the Deputy Protector of Aborigines Reverend Schurmann, cited by Protector of Aborigines Matthew Moorhouse, Quarterly Report of 30 June 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/483.<\/p>\r\n

v<\/a> Colonial Secretary to the Resident Magistrate, 27 September 1841, GRG 24\/4\/1841\/308.<\/p>\r\n

vi<\/a> Pope, ‘The Battara Resistance’, 29.<\/p>\r\n

vii<\/a> Memorial from Port Lincoln inhabitants to Governor George Grey, 8 March 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/125.<\/p>\r\n

viii<\/a> Colonial Secretary to JB Harvey and gentlemen present on 8 March, Pt Lincoln, 7 April 1842, GRG 24-4-4(E1842), p.590.<\/p>\r\n

ix<\/a> Clamor Schürmann to Matthew Moorhouse, 27 July 1843, Protector of Aborigines' Letterbook, GRG 52\/7.<\/p>\r\n

x<\/a> Matthew Moorhouse, Quarterly Report, 30 June 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/483.<\/p>\r\n

xi<\/a> Charles Driver to the Colonial Secretary, 4 April 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/152.<\/p>\r\n

xii<\/a> See for example Nathaniel Hailes’ account (Hailes was the Government Resident’s Clerk), in Allan Peters, Recollections: Nathaniel Hailes’ adventurous life in South Australia <\/em>(Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 1998), 135.<\/p>\r\n

xiii<\/a> Charles Driver to the Colonial Secretary, 1 June 1842, GRG 24\/1\/1842\/339.<\/p>\r\n

xiv<\/a> For example the shooting of Numma on 25 April 1842 and the treatment of Ngulga’s body by the men of the 96th Regiment. See entries ‘Shooting of Numma (alias Kappler) by a soldier of the 96th Regiment, 25 April 1842’ and ‘Fatal shooting of Ngulga and capture of Nurka by a mounted party led by Hugonin, 21 May 1842’, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/em>, <\/strong><\/em>https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula<\/strong><\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\r\n

xv<\/a> Hugonin to Government Resident Charles Driver, 24 April 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/236.<\/p>\r\n

xvi<\/a> James Hawker, Early Experiences in South Australia<\/em>, Second Series (ES Wigg & Son: Adelaide, 1901), 5.<\/p>\r\n

xvii<\/a> Schürmann to Government Resident Port Lincoln, 4 October 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/757.<\/p>\r\n

xviii<\/a> Hawson and memorialists to Government Resident Port Lincoln, 7 October 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/757.<\/p>\r\n

xix<\/a> Colonial Secretary to Police Commissioner, 4 November 1842, GRG 24\/4\/5 pp.174-5.<\/p>\r\n

xx<\/a> Police Commissioner to Colonial Secretary, 23 November 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/934<\/p>\r\n

xxi<\/a> Government Resident Quarterly Report, 27 May 1844, GRG 24\/6\/1844\/561.<\/p>\r\n

xxii<\/a> Matthew Moorhouse, Quarterly Report, 10 April 1844, GRG 24\/6\/1844\/361.<\/p>\r\n

xxiii<\/a> Charles Driver to the Colonial Secretary, 1st Quarterly Report of 1845, GRG 24\/6\/1845\/408.<\/p>\r\n

xxiv<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>", "warning": "

Colonial violence. Links and references to historical sources may include racist attitudes and language.<\/p>", "ghap_url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486", "linkback": null }, "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.696, -34.1 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Yeelanna, Eyre Peninsula", "description": "In oral histories collected by Christina Smith one account relates that: In May 1849 a 'local shepherd, Patrick Dwyer, annoyed at Aboriginal people taking flour from his hut, laced some of his supply with arsenic. The flour disappeared and eight Aboriginal people became sick after eating it. Five of them died and three others became very ill and later died. Dwyer was arrested on suspicion of murder but released afterwards for lack of evidence.' 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(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9c1", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-02-12", "dateend": "1842-02-12", "udatestart": -4035693892000, "udateend": -4035693892000, "latitude": "-34.7229618553619", "longitude": "135.853639889393", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP15", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP15", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c1", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9c1", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c1" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9c1", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c1" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.859177930356, -34.7203099467168 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Threatening behaviour directed at Mrs Bishop, early 1842", "placename": "Captain Bishop\u2019s house", "description": "Included in the grievances listed in the Port Lincoln settlers\u2019 memorial to Governor Grey (dated 8 March 1842) was that, in Captain Bishop\u2019s absence, a group of Aboriginal people came to the house and, on being refused entry to the store, shook a spear at Mrs Bishop.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9c3", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-01-01", "dateend": "1842-01-01", "udatestart": -4039322692000, "udateend": -4039322692000, "latitude": "-34.7203099467168", "longitude": "135.859177930356", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP17", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP17", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c3", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9c3", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c3" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9c3", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c3" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.834832926793, -34.5402600880817 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Conner, accused of shooting a man at White\u2019s station, allegedly sent to Adelaide and tried at the March 1842 sittings of the Supreme Court. ", "placename": "Mr White\u2019s station, Lower Gawler Pond, Port Lincoln", "description": "The Southern Australian reported that a man named Conner was tried at the Supreme Court in March, accused of shooting an Aboriginal man at White\u2019s station on the Lower Gawler Pond. He was apparently discharged, with no evidence found against him.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9c6", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-01-01", "dateend": "1842-01-01", "udatestart": -4039322692000, "udateend": -4039322692000, "latitude": "-34.5402600880817", "longitude": "135.834832926793", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP20 ", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP20", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c6", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9c6", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c6" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9c6", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c6" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.878666858886, -34.7227834619967 ] }, "properties": { "name": "A group of Aboriginal people threatened the inhabitants of Mr Hawson\u2019s house at Kirton Point, early 1842", "placename": "Hawson\u2019s residence, Kirton Point, settlement of Port Lincoln", "description": "Included in the list of grievances stated in the Port Lincoln settlers\u2019 memorial to Governor Grey was that several Aboriginal people surrounded Hawson\u2019s house at Kirton Point. They pointed spears through the windows and frightened the inhabitants (consisting of women and children). Hawson subsequently removed his family to his country station.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9c4", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-01-01", "dateend": "1842-01-01", "udatestart": -4039322692000, "udateend": -4039322692000, "latitude": "-34.7227834619967", "longitude": "135.878666858886", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP18", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP18", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c4", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9c4", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c4" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9c4", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c4" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.772084936749, -34.5568090338909 ] }, "properties": { "name": "A man named Brown went into the bush to find work, was not seen again, and was presumed murdered by Aboriginal people, January 1842", "placename": "Port Lincoln district", "description": "Included in the list of grievances included in the Port Lincoln settlers\u2019 memorial to Governor Grey was that \u2018a man named Brown left Port Lincoln to go into the Bush in search of employment and he has not since been heard of\u2019. (NB this is not James Brown who was murdered in March 1842). The assumption was that he had been killed by Aboriginal people.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9c5", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-01-01", "dateend": "1842-01-01", "udatestart": -4039322692000, "udateend": -4039322692000, "latitude": "-34.5568090338909", "longitude": "135.772084936749", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP19", "LocationAccuracy": "District", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP19", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c5", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9c5", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c5" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9c5", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c5" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 136.047443018084, -34.353609339228 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Burning of Dutton\u2019s fences and attempt to rob Dutton\u2019s house, allegedly led by Moorpa, February 1842", "placename": "Dutton\u2019s station, Port Lincoln district", "description": "On 25 February 1842, Moorpa, who was allegedly about to rob Dutton\u2019s house, was \u2018captured\u2019 by Dutton. Moorpa was accused of being the leader of the group who had previously set fire to Dutton\u2019s fences.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9c8", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-02-01", "dateend": "1842-02-01", "udatestart": -4036644292000, "udateend": -4036644292000, "latitude": "-34.353609339228", "longitude": "136.047443018084", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP22 ", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP22", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c8", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9c8", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c8" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9c8", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c8" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.856536599553, -34.5419825997679 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Killing of Brown and Lovelock at Mount Gawler Station, 2 March 1842", "placename": "Mt Gawler station, near the Tod River, Port Lincoln district", "description": "Stock owner John Brown was speared eight times in his left side and hutkeeper Joseph Lovelock was speared through the heart. Both men died of their wounds. Interpreter Clamor Sch\u00fcrmann obtained the Aboriginal version of events, namely that Mordalta speared Lovelock in order to rob the hut, and that Brown was speared by Ngarbi.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9c9", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-03-02", "dateend": "1842-03-02", "udatestart": -4034138692000, "udateend": -4034138692000, "latitude": "-34.5419825997679", "longitude": "135.856536599553", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP23", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP23", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c9", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9c9", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c9" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9c9", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c9" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.86402718538, -34.542439211135 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Aboriginal people, including Nantes and Moorpa, spear two sheep and assault James Baldock, Mr Samuel White\u2019s hutkeeper, 19 or 20 February 1842", "placename": "White\u2019s station, Port Lincoln district", "description": "On 20 February 1842, one of White\u2019s shepherds came into town with three spears. He said that about thirty natives came to his hut every morning to rob it. He had taken one spear out of a sheep, and the other two spears were thrown at him. He fired his rifle but it was dark and he could not say if he killed anyone.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9c7", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-02-19", "dateend": "1842-02-19", "udatestart": -4035089092000, "udateend": -4035089092000, "latitude": "-34.542439211135", "longitude": "135.86402718538", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP21 ", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP21", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c7", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9c7", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c7" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9c7", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9c7" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.963795792125, -34.4410165582366 ] }, "properties": { "name": "A large group of Aboriginal men, allegedly \u2018bent on attack\u2019, assembled at Dutton\u2019s station on 6 March 1842", "placename": "Dutton\u2019s Station, Port Lincoln district", "description": "On 6 March 1842 a large \u2018tribe of natives\u2019 assembled at Dutton\u2019s station. They were painted red and, according to Dutton, evidently \u2018bent on attack\u2019. Dutton captured Nantes whom he understood to be the leader of the group.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9cb", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-03-06", "dateend": "1842-03-06", "udatestart": -4033793092000, "udateend": -4033793092000, "latitude": "-34.4410165582366", "longitude": "135.963795792125", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP25", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP25", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cb", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9cb", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cb" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9cb", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cb" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.834120318431, -34.7130714248358 ] }, "properties": { "name": "George Stuart shot an Aboriginal man who pointed his spear at him, 11 March 1842", "placename": "On the road, 1 mile from township of Port Lincoln", "description": "On 9 March 1842, Captain Bishop\u2019s servant, George Stuart, reported that he had \u2018shot a black man\u2019 who pointed his spear at Stuart. Nine additional Aboriginal men subsequently ran away. On going to assist the man who had been shot, he could not be found.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9cc", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-03-11", "dateend": "1842-03-11", "udatestart": -4033361092000, "udateend": -4033361092000, "latitude": "-34.7130714248358", "longitude": "135.834120318431", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP26", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP26", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cc", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9cc", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cc" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9cc", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cc" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.832154255719, -34.545372827106 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Attack and attempted spearing of George Middleton, 6 March 1842", "placename": "Near Mr Biddle\u2019s Station, Port Lincoln district", "description": "A group led by Nantes reportedly attacked and attempted to spear George Middleton while Middleton was driving his cart from Mr Biddle\u2019s station to the township of Port Lincoln.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9ca", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-03-06", "dateend": "1842-03-06", "udatestart": -4033793092000, "udateend": -4033793092000, "latitude": "-34.545372827106", "longitude": "135.832154255719", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP24", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP24", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9ca", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9ca", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9ca" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9ca", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9ca" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.804640098241, -34.7165301922176 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Shooting of Moontar by Cox at McEllister\u2019s station, 12 March 1842", "placename": "McEllister\u2019s Station, Port Lincoln", "description": "Moontar reported to missionary and interpreter Clamor Sch\u00fcrmann that a European man named Cox attempted to shoot him. Sch\u00fcrmann brought a charge against Cox before Dr Harvey, the Justice of the Peace, on 12 March 1842.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9cd", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-03-01", "dateend": "1842-03-01", "udatestart": -4034225092000, "udateend": -4034225092000, "latitude": "-34.7165301922176", "longitude": "135.804640098241", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP27 ", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP27", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cd", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9cd", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cd" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9cd", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cd" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.787162117646, -34.7091320989423 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Robbery at McEllister\u2019s station, 20 March 1842", "placename": "McEllister\u2019s Station, Port Lincoln", "description": "On 21 March 1842, a group of 80 Aboriginal people armed with spears allegedly came to McEllister\u2019s station (located 4 miles from the Port Lincoln settlement) and surrounded the hut. The hutkeeper and two stone masons ran to Mr Hawson\u2019s station for protection. The hut was robbed of clothes, rations and bedding.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9ce", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-03-20", "dateend": "1842-03-20", "udatestart": -4032583492000, "udateend": -4032583492000, "latitude": "-34.7091320989423", "longitude": "135.787162117646", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP28", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP28", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9ce", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9ce", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9ce" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9ce", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9ce" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.855818849234, -34.4886545266174 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Killing of Rolles Biddle, Elizabeth Tubbs and James Fastings, and wounding of Ngarsna and Nungalta, 29 March 1842", "placename": "Long Ponds, Port Lincoln", "description": "Rolles Biddle\u2019s employee Charles Tubbs was the sole survivor of an attack on Biddle\u2019s hut. Tubbs stated that, around noon, \u2018a number\u2019 of \u2018blacks\u2019 gathered near the hut. They threw three spears at Fastings, which Biddle broke and threw in the pond. They were given a loaf of bread and took some potatoes. They returned one hour later, surrounded the hut and threw spears \u2018in every direction\u2019, wounding Fastings in the leg. Biddle fired at the group, after which the Europeans took refuge in the hut. One of the walls was broken down, and spears continuously thrown. Tubbs fired two shots, wounding Ngarsna in the leg and Nungalta in the stomach. Biddle, Elizabeth Tubbs and Fastings died of spear wounds before sundown.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9cf", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-03-29", "dateend": "1842-03-29", "udatestart": -4031805892000, "udateend": -4031805892000, "latitude": "-34.4886545266174", "longitude": "135.855818849234", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP29", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP29", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cf", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9cf", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cf" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9cf", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9cf" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.784839017727, -34.5426191818499 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Driver\u2019s party fire at and wound three men, one of whom, Ngarsna, later died, 2 April 1842", "placename": "3-4 miles westward of Biddle\u2019s station, in a narrow gully, Port Lincoln", "description": "A group of seven Europeans led by Government Resident Charles Driver, accompanied by six Aboriginal men, travelled to Biddle\u2019s station in search of Biddle, Fastings and Mrs Tubbs\u2019 murderers. They encountered a large group surrounded by goods taken from Biddle\u2019s station. The group fled but several men were pursued. A man named Stewart fired at one man who did not have a weapon in his hand. An additional two men were wounded.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9d0", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-04-02", "dateend": "1842-04-02", "udatestart": -4031460292000, "udateend": -4031460292000, "latitude": "-34.5426191818499", "longitude": "135.784839017727", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP30", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP30", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d0", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9d0", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d0" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9d0", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d0" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.858308539926, -34.7245063719683 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Fear of attack among Port Lincoln settlers, many of whom left the settlement, March-April 1842", "placename": "Port Lincoln district ", "description": "Following the murders of Brown and Lovelock on 2 March 1842, and Biddle, Fastings and Mrs Tubbs on 29 March, the colonists located in the Port Lincoln district were greatly alarmed. All, excepting Charles Dutton, abandoned their stations. Many left the settlement, either seeking refuge on Boston Island or returning to Adelaide. Government Resident Charles Driver entreated Governor Grey to provide a military force.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9d1", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-01-01", "dateend": "1842-01-01", "udatestart": -4039322692000, "udateend": -4039322692000, "latitude": "-34.7245063719683", "longitude": "135.858308539926", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP31", "LocationAccuracy": "District", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP31", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d1", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9d1", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d1" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9d1", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d1" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.847853228895, -34.6399451496791 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Flour and other items taken from settlers by Nurka, 20 April 1842", "placename": "Vicinity of Port Lincoln ", "description": "Nurka was found with numerous items belonging to a range of settlers. He was committed for trial but was discharged due to a lack of witnesses willing to travel from Port Lincoln to Adelaide.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9d2", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-04-20", "dateend": "1842-04-20", "udatestart": -4029905092000, "udateend": -4029905092000, "latitude": "-34.6399451496791", "longitude": "135.847853228895", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP32", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP32", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d2", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9d2", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d2" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9d2", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d2" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.620612517321, -34.5980317182359 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Lieutenant Hugonin, a military detachment, mounted police and volunteers attempt to \u2018surprise\u2019 a group at Palanna, 22 April 1842", "placename": "Between Palanna and Coffin Bay , Port Lincoln", "description": "Lieutenant Hugonin, 15 foot soldiers, the two Messrs Hawson, four mounted policemen, Sch\u00fcrmann, and at least two Aboriginal guides (one of whom was Port Lincoln man Tunba), attempted to surround an encampment of Aboriginal people at Palanna. They were unsuccessful due to the noise made by their horses as they crossed the limestone rocks surrounding the encampment.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9d3", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-04-22", "dateend": "1842-04-22", "udatestart": -4029732292000, "udateend": -4029732292000, "latitude": "-34.5980317182359", "longitude": "135.620612517321", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP33", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP33", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d3", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9d3", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d3" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9d3", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d3" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.496797483657, -34.6256976458594 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Lieutenant Hugonin with military detachment, mounted police and volunteers attempt to \u2018surprise\u2019 a group perceived to include Biddle\u2019s murderers near Coffin Bay, 23 & 24 April 1842", "placename": "Coffin Bay , Port Lincoln", "description": "A group of Europeans led by Lieutenant Hugonin, attempted to surprise a group of Aboriginal people near Coffin Bay. They were unsuccessful and attempted the same on foot the following day (i.e. 24 April). Hugonin reported that the expeditions failed due to the nature of the country, the poor state of the horses and the accoutrements of the foot soldiers.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9d4", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-01-01", "dateend": "1842-01-01", "udatestart": -4039322692000, "udateend": -4039322692000, "latitude": "-34.6256976458594", "longitude": "135.496797483657", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP34", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP34", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d4", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9d4", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d4" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9d4", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d4" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.436614470312, -34.6339656927799 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Shooting of Numma (alias Kappler) by a soldier of the 96th Regiment, 25 April 1842", "placename": "Coffin Bay , Port Lincoln", "description": "A party comprised of Lieutenant Hugonin, soldiers of the 96th Regiment, European settlers, missionary and interpreter Clamor Sch\u00fcrmann, a Port Lincoln and Adelaide Aboriginal guide, surprised a group on the shores of Coffin Bay. Despite firm instructions not to fire, one soldier shot Numma in the stomach. Numma was fishing in the water. The soldier, and subsequently Hugonin, claimed Numma aimed his spear at him. Sch\u00fcrmann provides a different account.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9d5", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-04-25", "dateend": "1842-04-25", "udatestart": -4029473092000, "udateend": -4029473092000, "latitude": "-34.6339656927799", "longitude": "135.436614470312", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP35", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP35", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d5", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9d5", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d5" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9d5", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d5" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.885810723759, -34.809042352954 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Lieutenant Hugonin\u2019s men fire at Aboriginal people, killing Ngalga and taking three adults and three children prisoner, 7 May 1842", "placename": "Port Lincoln", "description": "On hearing that Aboriginal people had assembled at Port Lincoln Proper, Hugonin, accompanied by Hawson and Bishop, sailed to the location. Landing a mile away from where smoke was seen on the shore, the Europeans surrounded the group. Hugoinin\u2019s men shot two people, fired several shots at the rest, and burnt \u2018a good number\u2019 of spears.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9d6", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-05-07", "dateend": "1842-05-07", "udatestart": -4028436292000, "udateend": -4028436292000, "latitude": "-34.809042352954", "longitude": "135.885810723759", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP36", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP36", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d6", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9d6", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d6" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9d6", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d6" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.911253945605, -34.3916666460117 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Soldiers stationed at Pillaworta fire at 200 Aboriginal people, 2 or 3 of whom fell, 19 May 1842", "placename": "Pillaworta station, Port Lincoln", "description": "According to Lieutenant Hugonin and Government Resident Charles Driver, two hundred \u2018blacks\u2019 attacked the Europeans stationed at Pillaworta. The soldiers of the 96th Regiment fired nine or ten rounds, and two or three men fell, apparently wounded. The Aboriginal group continued to advance, and the Europeans retreated.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9d7", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-05-19", "dateend": "1842-05-19", "udatestart": -4027399492000, "udateend": -4027399492000, "latitude": "-34.3916666460117", "longitude": "135.911253945605", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP37", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP37", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d7", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9d7", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d7" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9d7", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d7" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.943550120105, -34.3893423163296 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Capture of an Aboriginal man to guide Hugonin\u2019s mounted party, 21 May 1842", "placename": "Near Pillaworta, Port Lincoln", "description": "On 21 May 1842, a mounted party of nine men comprised of Hugonin, Driver, several settlers and police \u2018rode down\u2019 an Aboriginal man (a \u2018native boy\u2019) and forced him to act as a guide to find other Aboriginal people in the vicinity. Driver subsequently sent \u2018the boy\u2019 to Adelaide to remove him from the \u2018ill-disposed\u2019 tribe to which he belonged.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9d8", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-05-21", "dateend": "1842-05-21", "udatestart": -4027226692000, "udateend": -4027226692000, "latitude": "-34.3893423163296", "longitude": "135.943550120105", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP38", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP38", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d8", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9d8", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d8" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9d8", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d8" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.971745499707, -34.3918567107528 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Fatal shooting of Ngulga and capture of Nurka by a mounted party led by Hugonin, 21 May 1842", "placename": "10 miles distant Pillaworta, Port Lincoln", "description": "On 21 May 1842, a mounted party of nine men comprised of Hugonin, Driver, several settlers and police coerced a \u2018boy\u2019 they had captured to guide them to other Aboriginal people. They came across three men, one of whom (Ngulga) was shot dead, one of whom escaped, and the third of whom (Nurka), was taken prisoner. Soldiers and policemen cut Ngulga\u2019s head from his body and put it on a pole at Pillaworta
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9d9", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-05-21", "dateend": "1842-05-21", "udatestart": -4027226692000, "udateend": -4027226692000, "latitude": "-34.3918567107528", "longitude": "135.971745499707", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP39", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP39", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d9", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9d9", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d9" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9d9", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9d9" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.860442009081, -34.6185160569416 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Kunko shot at by a European, December 1841", "placename": "Not far distant from the settlement of Port Lincoln ", "description": "A man named Kunko was shot \u2018in an outrageous manner\u2019 by a European. Kunko escaped uninjured and immediately informed missionary and interpreter Clamor Sch\u00fcrmann. The European was arrested, and the Governor and Advocate General made it clear to Driver (the Government Resident at Port Lincoln) that such \u2018wanton acts of cruelty\u2019 must be prevented.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9da", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1841-12-01", "dateend": "1841-12-01", "udatestart": -4042001092000, "udateend": -4042001092000, "latitude": "-34.6185160569416", "longitude": "135.860442009081", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP40", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP40", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9da", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9da", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9da" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9da", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9da" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.884137987038, -34.7248457449218 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Three sealers or whalers shot Aboriginal men near Kirton Point and abducted two women, 1820s", "placename": "A secluded waterhole near Kirton Point, Port Lincoln ", "description": "Nathaniel Hailes was told by Aboriginal people from the Port Lincoln district that white men shot three Aboriginal men and abducted two women. The white men were ship deserters and the women were taken to an island a \u2018considerable\u2019 distance away.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9db", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1820-01-01", "dateend": "1820-01-01", "udatestart": -4733633092000, "udateend": -4733633092000, "latitude": "-34.7248457449218", "longitude": "135.884137987038", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP41", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP41", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9db", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9db", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9db" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9db", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9db" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.831561687431, -34.5391942891334 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Goods taken from Mr White\u2019s hut at the Gawler Ponds, around September 1841", "placename": "Gawler Ponds, Port Lincoln", "description": "An unprotected hut at Mr White\u2019s Gawler Pond\u2019s station was entered into by Aboriginal people and goods were taken.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9dc", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1841-09-01", "dateend": "1841-09-01", "udatestart": -4049863492000, "udateend": -4049863492000, "latitude": "-34.5391942891334", "longitude": "135.831561687431", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP42", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP42", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9dc", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9dc", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9dc" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9dc", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9dc" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.857522857209, -34.4008266486798 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Confrontation between soldiers and a group including Kungta and Turba at Pillaworta, 8 May 1842", "placename": "Pillaworta, Port Lincoln district", "description": "On 8 May, a number of Aboriginal people visited soldiers stationed at Pillaworta. The soldiers fired at the Aboriginal group which included Kungta and Turba. Two Aboriginal people were wounded, after which spears were thrown, the soldiers surrounded, and subsequently compelled to run. According to Ngarka, none of the Aboriginal people were killed or wounded.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9dd", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-05-08", "dateend": "1842-05-08", "udatestart": -4028349892000, "udateend": -4028349892000, "latitude": "-34.4008266486798", "longitude": "135.857522857209", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP43", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP43", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9dd", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9dd", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9dd" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9dd", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9dd" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.851608071799, -34.7084412683143 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Sch\u00fcrmann, Yutalta and Kungtna\u2019s lives threatened and Pt Lincoln colonists send a memorial to the Governor asking for protection, 4 October 1842", "placename": "Port Lincoln district ", "description": "By 4 October 1842, the Aboriginal people who were severely wounded by Driver and Hugonin\u2019s expeditions had recovered and seeking revenge for the death of Tubulta (shot by Hugonin\u2019s men at Port Lincoln Proper). According to Yutalta, two different groups (the Coffins Bay and Port Lincoln \u2018tribes\u2019) had joined together with the aim of \u2018murdering all the whites in the Settlement\u2019. 31 colonists signed a memorial to the Governor stating that they feared for their lives and requesting the Governor augment the 96th Regiment currently stationed at Port Lincoln.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9de", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-10-04", "dateend": "1842-10-04", "udatestart": -4015476292000, "udateend": -4015476292000, "latitude": "-34.7084412683143", "longitude": "135.851608071799", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP44", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP44", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9de", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9de", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9de" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9de", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9de" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 137.484254525756, -33.0791966901605 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Charles Dutton goes missing when attempting to take his stock overland from the Port Lincoln district towards Adelaide, July-October 1842", "placename": "To the north of Mt Young, 150 Miles north of Port Lincoln ", "description": "In July 1842 Charles Dutton decided to quit his station and overland his stock and four servants to Adelaide, travelling around the head of Spencer\u2019s Gulf. When no word was heard of him for twelve weeks, he was presumed by many colonists to have been killed by Aboriginal people. Several search parties were unsuccessful in locating Dutton\u2019s party or stock, and interpreter Clamor Sch\u00fcrmann heard several accounts of the fate of Dutton and his men from different Aboriginal groups.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9df", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-07-01", "dateend": "1842-07-01", "udatestart": -4023684292000, "udateend": -4023684292000, "latitude": "-33.0791966901605", "longitude": "137.484254525756", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP45", "LocationAccuracy": "District", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP45", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9df", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9df", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9df" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9df", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9df" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 138.585288293757, -34.9181312689164 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Public whipping of Nantes at the Adelaide Gaol, 5 September 1842", "placename": "Adelaide Gaol ", "description": "Nantes was tried at the Supreme Court for stealing from Alexander Turnbull. He was found guilty during the July Criminal Sessions and sentenced to three months hard labour. At the expiration of his sentence he was publicly whipped.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9e0", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-09-05", "dateend": "1842-09-05", "udatestart": -4017981892000, "udateend": -4017981892000, "latitude": "-34.9181312689164", "longitude": "138.585288293757", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP46", "LocationAccuracy": "Precise", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP46", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e0", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9e0", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e0" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9e0", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e0" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.740338305725, -34.097429292896 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Capture of Moullia and Nultia by a police party led by Charles Driver on 9 November 1842", "placename": "\u2018The interior\u2019, Port Lincoln", "description": "A party comprised of the Port Lincoln Government Resident (Charles Driver), Charles Hawker and six policemen were guided by Yutalta to a camp of approximately thirty people. Moullia and Nultia were identified as having participated in the murders at Rolles Biddle\u2019s station and were arrested. Two other men, recognised as being involved in the murders, escaped. Driver informed the Governor that no violence was required when capturing Moullia and Nultia.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9e1", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-11-09", "dateend": "1842-11-09", "udatestart": -4012365892000, "udateend": -4012365892000, "latitude": "-34.097429292896", "longitude": "135.740338305725", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP47", "LocationAccuracy": "District", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP47", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e1", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9e1", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e1" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9e1", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e1" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 136.245455156326, -34.0172589459659 ] }, "properties": { "name": "A police and volunteer party led by Police Commissioner O\u2019Halloran pursue and a frighten large group of Aboriginal people, 16 November 1842", "placename": "NE of Pillaworta, Port Lincoln district", "description": "At noon on 16 November 1842, O\u2019Halloran\u2019s police and volunteer party \u2018gave chase\u2019 to a large group of Aboriginal people comprised of men, women and children. On learning through interpreters Utulta and Sch\u00fcrmann that no murderers were present, the Europeans continued their expedition.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9e2", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-11-16", "dateend": "1842-11-16", "udatestart": -4011761092000, "udateend": -4011761092000, "latitude": "-34.0172589459659", "longitude": "136.245455156326", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP48", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP48", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e2", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9e2", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e2" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9e2", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e2" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 136.521331600614, -33.8974311310731 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Nauo man captured by O\u2019Halloran\u2019s expedition, 16 November 1842", "placename": "85 miles NE of Port Lincoln township ", "description": "An expedition led by Major O\u2019Halloran pursued a group of Aboriginal people through thick scrub and captured a man of the \u201cCoffins Bay Tribe\u201d. On Sch\u00fcrmann vouching for the man\u2019s innocence, he was released after being informed of the purpose of the expedition \u2013 namely to capture the murderers of Brown and Biddle.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9e3", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-11-16", "dateend": "1842-11-16", "udatestart": -4011761092000, "udateend": -4011761092000, "latitude": "-33.8974311310731", "longitude": "136.521331600614", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP49", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP49", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e3", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9e3", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e3" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9e3", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e3" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.5322866318, -34.2089774601969 ] }, "properties": { "name": "O\u2019Halloran\u2019s expedition travels to Malatta salt lake causing members of the Battarra tribe to flee, 20 November 1842", "placename": "Mallatta Lake, Port Lincoln", "description": "On day six of the police expedition to capture Biddle\u2019s and Brown\u2019s murderers, O\u2019Halloran\u2019s party are led to Malata salt lake by Moullia. A large group camped on the other side of the lake fled, leaving their possessions and two fires burning. No Aboriginal were captured, but O\u2019Halloran reported that the whole of the \u2018Battarra tribe\u2019 had been thoroughly alarmed and forced away from their usual places of residence to hide in the scrub.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9e4", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-11-20", "dateend": "1842-11-20", "udatestart": -4011415492000, "udateend": -4011415492000, "latitude": "-34.2089774601969", "longitude": "135.5322866318", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP50", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP50", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e4", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9e4", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e4" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9e4", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e4" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.855809380093, -34.5427077726337 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Aboriginal people surround the station at which Brown was murdered and rifle the hut, 27 February 1843", "placename": "Brown\u2019s station (Brown deceased), Port Lincoln", "description": "On 27 February 1843, a large number of Aboriginal people surrounded the station at which Brown was murdered the previous year. They shook their spears and made other signs of hostility, causing the shepherds and hutkeepers to flee. The Aboriginal people then entered the hut and rifled it.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9e5", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1843-02-27", "dateend": "1843-02-27", "udatestart": -4002861892000, "udateend": -4002861892000, "latitude": "-34.5427077726337", "longitude": "135.855809380093", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP51", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP51", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e5", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9e5", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e5" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9e5", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e5" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.855565677936, -34.4890644002081 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Execution of Nultia at Rolles Biddle\u2019s station, 7 April 1843", "placename": "Biddle\u2019s station, north of the township of Port Lincoln ", "description": "Nultia was found guilty for the murders at Biddle\u2019s station in March 1842 and sentenced at the Supreme Court on 23 March 1843. He was hanged at the late Rolles Biddle\u2019s station at 8am, 7 April 1843. Nultia\u2019s body was buried within the precinct of the Port Lincoln goal.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9e6", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1843-04-07", "dateend": "1843-04-07", "udatestart": -3999492292000, "udateend": -3999492292000, "latitude": "-34.4890644002081", "longitude": "135.855565677936", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP52", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP52", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e6", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9e6", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e6" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9e6", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e6" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.796698140425, -34.6739752527356 ] }, "properties": { "name": "McEllister fires on a group, with one man dropping from the effects of the shot, 10 May 1843", "placename": "McEllister\u2019s Station, Port Lincoln", "description": "On 10 May 1843, about 40 or 50 Aboriginal people appeared at Edward McEllister\u2019s station. They stated that they were Biddle\u2019s murderers, and that they would kill him if he did not leave the station. McEllister retreated to his hut and fired on them from a port-hole. The Aboriginal group threw stones at the roof and took two axe heads. One man finally dropped from the effects of McEllister\u2019s shot.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9e7", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1843-05-10", "dateend": "1843-05-10", "udatestart": -3996641092000, "udateend": -3996641092000, "latitude": "-34.6739752527356", "longitude": "135.796698140425", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP53", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP53", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e7", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9e7", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e7" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9e7", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9e7" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.770777271766, -34.6532199653315 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Apprehension of Ngarbi by Hawson and threats made by Ngarbi\u2019s kin, 11 May 1843 ", "placename": "2 miles from McEllister\u2019s Station, Port Lincoln district", "description": "When Ngarbi was apprended by T Hawson on 11 May 1842, between twenty to thirty of his Countrymen threatened Hawson. They did not attempt a rescue. Ngarbi admitted his involvement in the confrontation at McEllister\u2019s station the previous day, and was known to be one of those involved in the murders at Rolles Biddle\u2019s station in March 1842.
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(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9f3", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1845-12-02", "dateend": "1845-12-02", "udatestart": -3915684292000, "udateend": -3915684292000, "latitude": "-34.7014547909746", "longitude": "135.837741039269", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP65", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP65", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f3", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9f3", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f3" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9f3", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f3" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.833968221077, -34.7025711071503 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Bishop\u2019s hut broken into by Cowupmanna and another man, and goods taken, late December-early January 1845", "placename": "Emu Bottom, Port Lincoln district", "description": "Sometime between 30 December 1844 and 5 January 1845, Mr Bishop\u2019s hut at Emu Bottom was broken into. Flour, suet and a spoon were taken and Cowupmanna and another Aboriginal man were suspected. Cowupmanna later acknowledged he was responsible and received seven \u2018stripes\u2019 \u2013 one from the Police Constable and six from his fellow Countrymen.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9f4", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1845-01-05", "dateend": "1845-01-05", "udatestart": -3944282692000, "udateend": -3944282692000, "latitude": "-34.7025711071503", "longitude": "135.833968221077", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP66", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP66", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f4", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9f4", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f4" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9f4", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f4" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 134.289282906092, -32.6451431117586 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Fatal shooting of Pityarri by a sailor left ashore to guard a wreck at Streaky Bay, April 1845", "placename": "Streaky Bay ", "description": "Around April 1845, Pityarri was shot by a sailor who was one of four men left to guard the wreck of a whaling ship in Streaky Bay. Dogs belonging to the sailor attacked a group of Aboriginal people who killed the dogs. The sailor alleged he fired in self-defence, killing a man named Pityarri and wounding another. The Aboriginal version of events was provided by Nauo man Yunbalta who was in the vicinity at the time.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9f5", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1845-04-01", "dateend": "1845-04-01", "udatestart": -3936852292000, "udateend": -3936852292000, "latitude": "-32.6451431117586", "longitude": "134.289282906092", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP67", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP67", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f5", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9f5", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f5" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9f5", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f5" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.834128555982, -34.7015194309252 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Goods taken from Mr Bishop\u2019s hut at Kunnanna (Emu Bottom) by Yakilti, 1 April 1845", "placename": "Emu Bottom (Kunnanna), Port Lincoln district", "description": "The padlock on the door of Mr Bishop\u2019s hut was wrenched and some provisions and clothing taken. A man named Yakilti was found to be responsible. Yakillti\u2019s brother, Yunbulta and others recovered the property.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9f6", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1845-04-01", "dateend": "1845-04-01", "udatestart": -3936852292000, "udateend": -3936852292000, "latitude": "-34.7015194309252", "longitude": "135.834128555982", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP68", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP68", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f6", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9f6", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f6" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9f6", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f6" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.886376611184, -34.5661887050858 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Spear poised at a shepherd and four sheep taken from Henry and Matthew Smith\u2019s station, 12 May 1845", "placename": "Poonindie, Port Lincoln district", "description": "On 12 May, a shepherd in charge of 800 lambing ewes was startled by the appearance of an unnamed man who poised his spear and beckoned him to retreat to the hut. The shepherd allegedly observed many other Aboriginal people among the trees. On returning to his flock, four sheep were missing. On 21 May another sheep of the same flock was observed with a spear in its side, but the person responsible was not identified.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9f7", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1845-05-12", "dateend": "1845-05-12", "udatestart": -3933309892000, "udateend": -3933309892000, "latitude": "-34.5661887050858", "longitude": "135.886376611184", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP69", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP69", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f7", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9f7", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f7" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9f7", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f7" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.782517898594, -34.6877476582736 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Yailgulta and others take goods from Mr Clay\u2019s unattended cottage and Clay, Hawson and White attempt to capture those responsible, 14 June 1845", "placename": "Murinyana, distant 4 or 5 miles from the Port Lincoln township", "description": "Mr JP Clay\u2019s unoccupied stone cottage was broken into by enlarging one of the loop hopes at the back of the cottage and goods were taken. Clay with two other settlers lay in wait overnight in an attempt to capture those responsible. Due to their mismanagement, the thief escaped. Newmulta and Yailgulta were subsequently identified and punished.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9f8", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1845-06-14", "dateend": "1845-06-14", "udatestart": -3930458692000, "udateend": -3930458692000, "latitude": "-34.6877476582736", "longitude": "135.782517898594", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP70", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP70", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f8", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9f8", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f8" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9f8", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f8" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.843701253381, -34.7071278808024 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Nolondo, a boy of eight or nine years old, fired at by George Lawson, 4 February 1846", "placename": "Happy Valley, Port Lincoln district", "description": "Around 3am on 4 February, George Lawson and Mr [William] Smith were woken by the sound of rustling in the straw. Suspecting Aboriginal people of taking wheat, Lawson fired a fowling piece loaded with shot and hit Nolondo. Government Resident Charles Driver later picked shot out of Nolondo\u2019s back, and reported that, in all material points, Nolondo\u2019s statement corroborated by that of Mr Lawson. Lieutenant Governor Robe questioned Lawson\u2019s actions in taking the law into his own hands, and Driver\u2019s failure to hold a Magisterial investigation into the matter.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9f9", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1846-02-04", "dateend": "1846-02-04", "udatestart": -3910154692000, "udateend": -3910154692000, "latitude": "-34.7071278808024", "longitude": "135.843701253381", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP71", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP71", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f9", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9f9", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f9" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9f9", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9f9" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.802518201183, -34.7038064052987 ] }, "properties": { "name": "A copper boiler and wheat taken from TB Hawson\u2019s station, 26 February 1846", "placename": "Towalla, Port Lincoln district", "description": "On 26 February 1846, three or four bushels of wheat and a copper boiler were taken from TB Hawson\u2019s station at Towalla. Aboriginal people were suspected of taking these items which were lying outside the hut.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9fa", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1846-02-26", "dateend": "1846-02-26", "udatestart": -3908253892000, "udateend": -3908253892000, "latitude": "-34.7038064052987", "longitude": "135.802518201183", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP72", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP72", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9fa", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9fa", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9fa" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9fa", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9fa" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.77802074633, -34.6646507933592 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Nganti seriously injured endeavouring to extract bait set for wild dogs, 9 August 1846", "placename": "Mr Willow\u2019s Station, Port Lincoln district", "description": "While trying to extract bait set for a native dog, a log fell upon Nganti and seriously injured him. Nganti was set free by Mr Willow\u2019s servant. Although he was severely bruised and in great pain, he managed to walk away. When he was not seen in the neighbourhood, he was feared dead by both Aboriginal people and Europeans. Native Constable Yutalta led an unsuccessful search for Nganti. Yutalta later learned that Nganti did not die but was remaining out of sight of the settlers as he feared the consequences of attempting to take the bait.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9fb", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1846-08-09", "dateend": "1846-08-09", "udatestart": -3894084292000, "udateend": -3894084292000, "latitude": "-34.6646507933592", "longitude": "135.77802074633", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP73", "LocationAccuracy": "District", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP73", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9fb", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9fb", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9fb" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9fb", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9fb" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.871847231931, -34.3395746346269 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Sheep speared and a spear thrown at Mr Peter\u2019s shepherd (Burns), 16 September 1846", "placename": "One mile from Mr Peter\u2019s Station, Port Lincoln district", "description": "A man named Burns noticed a spear in the side of one of a flock of sheep he was shepherding for Mr Peter. He subsequently saw four or five Aboriginal men, one of whom threw a spear at him.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9fc", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1846-09-16", "dateend": "1846-09-16", "udatestart": -3890801092000, "udateend": -3890801092000, "latitude": "-34.3395746346269", "longitude": "135.871847231931", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP74", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP74", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9fc", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9fc", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9fc" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9fc", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9fc" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.817984149579, -34.7679442466459 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Fatal spearing of Murlianolo by Kambulta, 7 October 1846", "placename": "4 miles from the settlement of Port Lincoln ", "description": "During Murpalta\u2019s (Moorpa\u2019s) imprisonment in Adelaide in 1842 and 1843, his wife Murlainolo partnered with Kambulta. On Murpaltla\u2019s return, Murlianolo resumed her relationship with Murpalta. Kambulta speared her during the night of 7 October. Murpalta informed the police of her death, seeking their assistance in bringing Kambalta to justice.
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(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teb9ff", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1847-05-25", "dateend": "1847-05-25", "udatestart": -3869114692000, "udateend": -3869114692000, "latitude": "-34.4114618301359", "longitude": "135.842293189988", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP77", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP77", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9ff", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teb9ff", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9ff" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teb9ff", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teb9ff" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.703532550769, -34.6433960981732 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Muingultu accused of stealing flour from George White, March 1846", "placename": "The Swamp, Port Lincoln district", "description": "In June 1847, Muingulta was charged with stealing flour from George S White at the Swamp fifteen months earlier.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba00", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1846-03-01", "dateend": "1846-03-01", "udatestart": -3907994692000, "udateend": -3907994692000, "latitude": "-34.6433960981732", "longitude": "135.703532550769", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP78", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP78", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba00", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba00", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba00" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba00", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba00" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.853079454742, -34.7167394802412 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Palianna apprehended for stealing flour from John Bishop\u2019s store, 29 July 1847", "placename": "Bishop\u2019s store, Port Lincoln township ", "description": "Palianna, described as a member of the Parnkalla tribe, was apprehended after breaking into the store of John Bishop. Flour had gone missing from Bishop\u2019s store, and Palianna was one of those suspected of taking the flour. He was sentenced to 60 days hard labour.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba01", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1847-07-29", "dateend": "1847-07-29", "udatestart": -3863498692000, "udateend": -3863498692000, "latitude": "-34.7167394802412", "longitude": "135.853079454742", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP79", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP79", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba01", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba01", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba01" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba01", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba01" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.824101268828, -34.7215115990458 ] }, "properties": { "name": "\u2018Acts of injustice\u2019 perpetrated by a settler upon the Aboriginal people of the Port Lincoln district, March 1848 ", "placename": "Port Lincoln district", "description": "A misunderstanding resulting in \u2018acts of injustice\u2019 towards Aboriginal people was reportedly resolved by the (unnamed) settler distributing provisions and clothing, rendering the interference of the police unnecessary.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba02", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1848-03-01", "dateend": "1848-03-01", "udatestart": -3844836292000, "udateend": -3844836292000, "latitude": "-34.7215115990458", "longitude": "135.824101268828", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP80", "LocationAccuracy": "District", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP80", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba02", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba02", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba02" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba02", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba02" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 136.161277820145, -34.3295274413595 ] }, "properties": { "name": "John Tennant\u2019s flocks speared and his servants threatened, May 1848", "placename": "Salt Creek Station, Port Lincoln district", "description": "On 16 May 1848, John Tennant wrote to the Government Resident at Port Lincoln informing him that his flocks had repeatedly been attacked by Aboriginal people who had also threatened to spear his servants. Lance Corporal Geherty was dispatched but unable to apprehend any offenders due to the thick scrub that skirted Tennant\u2019s run.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba03", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1848-05-16", "dateend": "1848-05-16", "udatestart": -3838269892000, "udateend": -3838269892000, "latitude": "-34.3295274413595", "longitude": "136.161277820145", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP81", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP81", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba03", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba03", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba03" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba03", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba03" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.293227351971, -33.9602476951946 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Shepherd Charles Goldsmith wounded by spears thrown by a group of approximately thirty \u2018Kukata\u2019 men, one of whom was Mgurkalta, 16 June 1848", "placename": "Mortlock\u2019s Station ", "description": "Mortlock\u2019s shepherd, Charles Goldsmith, reported that Aboriginal people on several occasions had attempted to spear and steal sheep. On 16 June, a group of about thirty members of the \u2018Kukata\u2019 tribe surrounded his hut. Aboriginal women present at the hut warned Goldsmith the \u2018blackfellows\u2019 were stealing sheep. Goldsmith\u2019s hat, forehead and thigh were struck by spears, one of which was thrown by Mgurkalta. Goldsmith shot a man in the leg.
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(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba05", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1848-06-16", "dateend": "1848-06-16", "udatestart": -3835591492000, "udateend": -3835591492000, "latitude": "-33.9613155412558", "longitude": "135.29116741621", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP83", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP83", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba05", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba05", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba05" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba05", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba05" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.291768231031, -33.9641808597717 ] }, "properties": { "name": "In recovering sheep taken by Aboriginal people, Mortlock\u2019s overseer, Smith, fired at those who threw spears at him, 16 June 1848", "placename": "Mortlock\u2019s Station ", "description": "In recovering sheep taken during the confrontation between Charles Goldsmith, Isaac Bridges and a group of Kukata men, Mortlock\u2019s overseer (Smith) found several sheep had been speared and others taken, and the hut ransacked. In taking possession of the sheep, spears were thrown at Smith who fired in return.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba06", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1848-06-16", "dateend": "1848-06-16", "udatestart": -3835591492000, "udateend": -3835591492000, "latitude": "-33.9641808597717", "longitude": "135.291768231031", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP84", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP84", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba06", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba06", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba06" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba06", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba06" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.268483710221, -33.9529002861306 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Aboriginal people set fire to the hut at Mortlock\u2019s head station while two men were inside, 16 June 1848", "placename": "Mortlock\u2019s Station ", "description": "Shortly the confrontations between Mortlock\u2019s overseer Smith, hutkeeper Bridges and shepherd Goldsmith, Aboriginal people surprised the head station and set fire to the hut while the three men were inside. The fire was extinguished and, despite the Europeans being unable to fire on the group due to a lack of ammunition, the Aborignal group departed.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba07", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1848-06-16", "dateend": "1848-06-16", "udatestart": -3835591492000, "udateend": -3835591492000, "latitude": "-33.9529002861306", "longitude": "135.268483710221", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP85", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP85", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba07", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba07", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba07" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba07", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba07" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 134.869815768212, -33.3971012561713 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Murder of John Hamp, Pinkerton\u2019s station near Lake Newland, 23 June 1848", "placename": "Stoney Point\/Korti Warri, Lake Newland ", "description": "On 23 June 1848, the mutilated body of John Hamp (hutkeeper for William Pinkerton) was found near his hut at Stoney Point. His hands, body and head were battered and a deep cut had been to the skull (over his left eye) by a sharp instrument. A saw was found inside the hut with hair, blood and brains on it. Dishes, pots and blankets had been taken from the hut. Tracks were found leading to the Lake, including the distinctive tracks of Mingalta. Mingalta and Malgalta were later arrested and charged with Hamp\u2019s murder.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba08", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1848-06-23", "dateend": "1848-06-23", "udatestart": -3834986692000, "udateend": -3834986692000, "latitude": "-33.3971012561713", "longitude": "134.869815768212", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP86", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP86", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba08", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba08", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba08" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba08", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba08" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.301265814001, -34.0576590719118 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Bakilta threw spears at Alfred Thompson, Mr Smith and another (unnamed) man, 25 June 1848", "placename": "Port Lincoln district ", "description": "Bakilta approached and threw spears at Alfred Henry Thompson, Mr Smith and a third man as they stood near a hut. The Europeans jumped to avoid the spears which did not hit them.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba09", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1848-06-25", "dateend": "1848-06-25", "udatestart": -3834813892000, "udateend": -3834813892000, "latitude": "-34.0576590719118", "longitude": "135.301265814001", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP87", "LocationAccuracy": "District", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP87", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba09", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba09", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba09" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba09", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba09" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 134.853106284664, -33.4188888557624 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Aboriginal man (name not recorded) fatally shot by Pinkerton\u2019s hutkeeper during and affray at involving George Stewart and John Woods, 19 July 1848", "placename": "Pinkerton\u2019s station at Lake Newland ", "description": "On 19 July 1848, Aboriginal men took a shirt belonging to William Porter that was drying outside his hut. Overseer George Stewart and hutkeeper John Woods went in pursuit. After tracking the group over Lake Newland, they met the Aboriginal group standing on some sandhills. The men initially appeared to be friendly, and Stewart demanded they return the shirt or he would shoot them. One man apparently threw a spear which slightly wounded Woods on the chest, whereupon Woods fired and killed him.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba0a", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1848-07-19", "dateend": "1848-07-19", "udatestart": -3832740292000, "udateend": -3832740292000, "latitude": "-33.4188888557624", "longitude": "134.853106284664", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP88", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP88", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0a", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba0a", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0a" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba0a", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0a" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.296467482674, -33.9237114476705 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Eight or nine armed men confronted Smith, overseer at Mortlock\u2019s station, and wound him with a spear, 7 October 1848 ", "placename": "Mortlock\u2019s western sheep station ", "description": "Smith, alias McGrath, overseer of Mr Mortlock\u2019s western sheep stations, reported that on Saturday 7 October, on exiting his hut, he received a spear wound in his shoulder. Smith picked up a loaded gun and, on turning, saw eight or nine armed men who fled and escaped among the sand hills.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba0b", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1848-10-07", "dateend": "1848-10-07", "udatestart": -3825828292000, "udateend": -3825828292000, "latitude": "-33.9237114476705", "longitude": "135.296467482674", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP89", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP89", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0b", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba0b", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0b" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba0b", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0b" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 134.714511346886, -33.209066916745 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Aboriginal people throw spears and wound two sailors on shore salvaging a wreck, late November-early December 1848", "placename": "Trial Bay", "description": "A group of sailors left on shore to salvage the wreck of a whaler had friendly relations with Aboriginal people for several weeks. According to European reports, without warning or reason, two Europeans who were some distance from the rest of the group were speared. Their wounds were not serious enough to require medical attention.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba0c", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1848-12-01", "dateend": "1848-12-01", "udatestart": -3821076292000, "udateend": -3821076292000, "latitude": "-33.209066916745", "longitude": "134.714511346886", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP90", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP90", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0c", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba0c", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0c" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba0c", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0c" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 136.049771321943, -34.1780085847377 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Shooting of Mokilti by John Symes at Kulura sheep station, 14 March 1849", "placename": "Kulara sheep Station, Port Lincoln district", "description": "Sheep farmer John Symes suspected Aboriginal people of breaking into his hut and stealing provisions. On 14 March 1849, Mokiliti entered the hut and began to take the carcass of a recently killed sheep. While attempting to seize Mokiliti, another Aboriginal man threw a spear at Symes. When Mokiliti seized an axe, Symes shot and killed him.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba0d", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1849-03-14", "dateend": "1849-03-14", "udatestart": -3812177092000, "udateend": -3812177092000, "latitude": "-34.1780085847377", "longitude": "136.049771321943", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP91", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP91", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0d", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba0d", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0d" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba0d", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0d" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 136.10438957753, -34.3123629882812 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Patrick Dwyer\u2019s poisoning of a group amongst whom at least five died, Mortlock\u2019s station, late April 1849 ", "placename": "Mortlock\u2019s Station ", "description": "The bodies of boys Karakunderi and Yurdlori, husband and wife Puyultua and Ngaminia and infant Pirrapa were found on Mortlock\u2019s station near Tumby Bay. Inspector Tolmer, George Lawson (surgeon) and Clamor Schurmann (interpreter) investigated. All deceased died after eating poisoned flour taken from the hut of shepherd Patrick Dwyer.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba0e", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1849-04-28", "dateend": "1849-04-28", "udatestart": -3808289092000, "udateend": -3808289092000, "latitude": "-34.3123629882812", "longitude": "136.10438957753", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP92", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP92", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0e", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba0e", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0e" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba0e", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0e" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.426529124143, -34.2262904761807 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Killing of Beevor and pillage of his hut, 3 May 1849", "placename": "Beevor and Lodwick\u2019s Station, Port Lincoln", "description": "On 3 May 1849, James Beevor, \u2018an old and much respected colonist\u2019, was killed by an axe blow to the head while his partner, Mr Lodwick, was out tending their sheep. The hut was pillaged. A police party compised of Corporal Geharty and two constables set out from Port Lincoln the following day to search for the perpetrators.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba0f", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1849-05-03", "dateend": "1849-05-03", "udatestart": -3807857092000, "udateend": -3807857092000, "latitude": "-34.2262904761807", "longitude": "135.426529124143", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP93", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP93", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0f", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba0f", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0f" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba0f", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba0f" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.275358729093, -33.9151860501918 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Killing of Anne Easton at Mr Vaux\u2019s station near Lake Hamilton, 7 May 1849", "placename": "Mr Vaux\u2019s station, near Lake Hamilton", "description": "Mr Vaux\u2019s shepherd, James Easton, left his wife and six week old baby in their hut on the morning of 7 May 1849. A man named Bakilta and his wife were employed to cut grass outside the hut. When Easton returned home later in the day, he found his wife dead. She had been speared in the chest, face and neck. Her six week old baby was unharmed but exhausted from continual crying. Bakilta said that Malpita was responsible.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba10", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1849-05-07", "dateend": "1849-05-07", "udatestart": -3807511492000, "udateend": -3807511492000, "latitude": "-33.9151860501918", "longitude": "135.275358729093", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP94", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP94", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba10", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba10", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba10" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba10", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba10" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 134.866092141765, -33.6145499552404 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Alleged shooting of eight Aboriginal people in the vicinity of Lake Hamilton, early May 1849", "placename": "Neighbourhood of Lake Newland ", "description": "A letter dated 8 May 1849 published in Adelaide newspapers referred to a robbery and attempted murder in the neighbourhood of Lake Newland, and the shooting of eight Aboriginal people and capture of six prisoners.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba11", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1849-05-01", "dateend": "1849-05-01", "udatestart": -3808029892000, "udateend": -3808029892000, "latitude": "-33.6145499552404", "longitude": "134.866092141765", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP95", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP95", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba11", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba11", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba11" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba11", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba11" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 134.88318285415, -33.6522667528356 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Aboriginal people killed and four taken prisoner at Horne\u2019s station, 28 May 1849", "placename": "Horn\u2019s station ", "description": "On 28 May 1849, items were taken from Thomas Horne\u2019s hut. Horne stated in court that he went in pursuit and met with approximately 17 men who threw spears. Horne fired and the group separated, with one group making for the sea. Horne followed this group to the cliffs, and \u2018two or three natives lost their lives in the affair\u2019. Horne captured Yarngalta (a man), two women - Yabmanna and Wirao \u2013 and a boy named Winnulu.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba12", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1849-05-28", "dateend": "1849-05-28", "udatestart": -3805697092000, "udateend": -3805697092000, "latitude": "-33.6522667528356", "longitude": "134.88318285415", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP96", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP96", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba12", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba12", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba12" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba12", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba12" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.365628248189, -34.1249473700262 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Tolmer continues the search for Easton and Beevor\u2019s killers, and \u2018surprises\u2019 a group in their camp, capturing two men and two women, 28 June 1849 ", "placename": "Western Eyre Peninsula", "description": "Four Aboriginal people, namely Ilgalta (an old man), Bakkilti (a man), Korlo (woman) and Putarpintye, were apprehended by Tolmer and charged with the murder of Anne Easton. According to one newspaper correspondent, three of the four were captured by Aboriginal people and handed to Tolmer. They were taken to Adelaide to be tried at the Supreme Court.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba13", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1849-06-28", "dateend": "1849-06-28", "udatestart": -3803018692000, "udateend": -3803018692000, "latitude": "-34.1249473700262", "longitude": "135.365628248189", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP97", "LocationAccuracy": "Unknown", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP97", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba13", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba13", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba13" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba13", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba13" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.405726820939, -34.2138136412677 ] }, "properties": { "name": "William Dunkin inflicted a severe burn on a youth named Munerabidni, 19 January 1850", "placename": "Dunkin\u2019s station", "description": "William Dunkin inflicted a burn on Munerabidni. The compensation was set at at \u00a32, which Munerabidni received in the form of a daily allowance of food and some clothing. Both Dunkin\u2019s and Munerabidni\u2019s accounts of the incident tallied.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba14", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1850-01-19", "dateend": "1850-01-19", "udatestart": -3785306692000, "udateend": -3785306692000, "latitude": "-34.2138136412677", "longitude": "135.405726820939", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP98", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP98", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba14", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba14", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba14" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba14", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba14" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 138.585394559963, -34.9178396758209 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Yarngalta died in the Adelaide gaol, suffering from his confinement, 14 March 1850", "placename": "Adelaide Gaol", "description": "Yarngalta, a man from Eyre Peninsula, was sentenced to two years imprisonment in March 1849. He died at the Adelaide gaol on 14 March 1850 \u2018from general debility\u2019.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba15", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1850-03-14", "dateend": "1850-03-14", "udatestart": -3780641092000, "udateend": -3780641092000, "latitude": "-34.9178396758209", "longitude": "138.585394559963", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP99", "LocationAccuracy": "Precise", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP99", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba15", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba15", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba15" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba15", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba15" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 138.089445713929, -35.5983037180962 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Mangalta, who pined for his Country while imprisoned in Adelaide, died on the voyage home after a delay off Cape Jervis, March 1850", "placename": "Cape Jervis ", "description": "Eyre Peninsula man Mangalta was released from prison as he was suffering from dysentery. He recovered after two weeks in Moorhouse\u2019s care while staying at the Aborigines\u2019 Location. He pined for his home and friends and was in the process of being returned to Eyre Peninsula. He boarded the cutter the Petrel on 14 March but, due to springing a leak, the Petrel was delayed. Mangalta became despondent and low, and died off the coast near Cape Jervis.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba16", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1850-03-22", "dateend": "1850-03-22", "udatestart": -3779949892000, "udateend": -3779949892000, "latitude": "-35.5983037180962", "longitude": "138.089445713929", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP100", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP100", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba16", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba16", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba16" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba16", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba16" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.842098544829, -34.7445237311464 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Labourer James Young assaulted Munarabidni who subsequently overpowered Young, 27 March 1850", "placename": "Unknown (Port Lincoln district)", "description": "Labourer James Young was taken into custody on 27 March 1850 for assaulting a youth named Munarabidni. However, Munarabidni \u2018completely over powered\u2019 Young. Munarabidni did not prosecute Young for the assault.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba17", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1850-03-27", "dateend": "1850-03-27", "udatestart": -3779517892000, "udateend": -3779517892000, "latitude": "-34.7445237311464", "longitude": "135.842098544829", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP101", "LocationAccuracy": "District", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP101", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba17", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba17", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba17" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba17", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba17" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.752294221895, -34.7454181633091 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Manilta, Pannalta, Mowalta and Minnulu charged with the robbery of JT Simms\u2019 hut, 22 July 1850", "placename": "Port Lincoln district ", "description": "Sheep farmer JT Simms stored a large supply of food and clothing a hut. On returning at a later date, he found a quantity of his property missing. This property was found on the Manilta, Pannalta, Mowalta and Minnulu who were charged and committed to trial in Adelaide.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba18", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1850-07-22", "dateend": "1850-07-22", "udatestart": -3769409092000, "udateend": -3769409092000, "latitude": "-34.7454181633091", "longitude": "135.752294221895", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP102", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP102", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba18", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba18", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba18" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba18", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba18" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.818185118877, -34.7382599507966 ] }, "properties": { "name": "John Dicks assaulted an Aboriginal person or persons, 21 October 1851", "placename": "Port Lincoln district", "description": "John Dicks assaulted an Aboriginal person or persons while in a state of \u2018unconscious inebreity\u2019 and was subsequently fined one pound.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba19", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1850-10-21", "dateend": "1850-10-21", "udatestart": -3761546692000, "udateend": -3761546692000, "latitude": "-34.7382599507966", "longitude": "135.818185118877", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP103", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP103", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba19", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba19", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba19" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba19", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba19" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.821793855291, -34.7419371241284 ] }, "properties": { "name": "William Weaver assaulted an Aboriginal person or persons, 30 October 1851", "placename": "Port Lincoln district", "description": "William Weaver assaulted an Aboriginal person or persons who he mistakenly identified and was subsequently fined one pound.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba1a", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1850-10-21", "dateend": "1850-10-21", "udatestart": -3761546692000, "udateend": -3761546692000, "latitude": "-34.7419371241284", "longitude": "135.821793855291", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP104", "LocationAccuracy": "Approximate", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP104", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba1a", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba1a", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba1a" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba1a", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba1a" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 135.862312190112, -34.7215025719477 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Yutulta and several women beaten by George Lawson, 4 February 1846", "placename": "Settlement of Port Lincoln ", "description": "Native Police Constable Yutalta and some women were beaten by George Lawson who was intoxicated at the time. Yutalta and the women were sitting peacefully at their usual camping site when the assault occurred. Yutalta\u2019s head was cut and his body was bruised. Lawson was fined 20 shillings.
(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba1b", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1846-02-04", "dateend": "1846-02-04", "udatestart": -3910154692000, "udateend": -3910154692000, "latitude": "-34.7215025719477", "longitude": "135.862312190112", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP105", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP105", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba1b", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba1b", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba1b" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba1b", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba1b" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 134.328146899892, -33.1925038000686 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Sheep theft on Baird\u2019s Cape Radstock run, 1 November 1850", "placename": "Cape Radstock, Streaky Bay", "description": "On 31 October, the shepherd William Townsend reported that Aboriginal people had tried to part him from his sheep and that on the following day they drove off 800.
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(See 'The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies'<\/a> for more details.)", "id": "teba1d", "state": "SA", "source": "Robert Foster, Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/i>, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, 2024, http:\/\/ua.edu.au\/south-australian-frontier<\/a>", "datestart": "1850-11-02", "dateend": "1850-11-02", "udatestart": -3760509892000, "udateend": -3760509892000, "latitude": "-33.1893434002041", "longitude": "134.333296699769", "linkback": "https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula\/#EP107", "LocationAccuracy": "Close", "War": "eyrepeninsula", "Identifier": "EP107", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba1d", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: teba1d", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba1d" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "teba1d", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=teba1d" }, "Layer": { "name": "Nauo and Barngarla, Port Lincoln War and Resistance (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2486" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 134.323340299572, -33.1879068002329 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Death of Baird, near Cape Radstock, 2 November 1850", "placename": "Near Cape Radstock", "description": "Baird speared to death by Aboriginal people about eight miles from his Cape Radstock station while recovering sheep that had been stolen the previous day. Police found his body on 13 November 1850.
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Warning<\/strong>

Colonial violence. Links and references to historical sources may include racist attitudes and language.<\/p><\/div>

Resources<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

The South Australian Frontier and It's Legacies<\/a><\/p>\r\n

<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Narrative: Frontier War on the Eyre Peninsula (Nauo and Barngarla Country)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

In 1839, the British flag was planted at Port Lincoln, a young colonial settlement at the southern end of South Australia’s Eyre Peninsula. Eyre Peninsula was named for the colonial explorer Edward John Eyre, but this is Aboriginal Country: Nauo to the south-west, Barngarla to the east and north, and Wirangu to the north west. Well before the planting of the British flag, Nauo and Barngarla people had familiarised themselves with the presence of European whalers, who remained close to the coastline. Some interactions were accommodating, with one group returning for several years and employing local men to cart water and provide timber in return for goods, while others were violent and involved the abduction of Aboriginal women.i<\/a> Throughout this period however, newcomers visits were transient, Aboriginal people remained in control of their Country and there were no major interruptions to traditional Aboriginal society.ii<\/a> This tentative co-existence shifted in 1839 when permanent European occupation occurred, with colonists attracted by the natural harbour and fertile pastoral land. By 1840, roughly 220 Europeans had established a permanent settlement around the township of Port Lincoln, connected by ship to Adelaide.iii<\/a> However, their numbers were small compared to the population of several thousand traditional owners who occupied the peninsula’s large hinterland and resource rich coastline.iv<\/a><\/p>\r\n

The first sign of conflict came in October 1840 when the son of shipowner and merchant, 12 year old Frank Hawson, was fatally speared at an outstation on the family’s sheep run. According to Frank’s testimony (taken at his deathbed), a group of Aboriginal people had approached Frank requesting food, and when he refused to give more than minimal provisions, the encounter escalated to violence. As tensions simmered, Governor George Grey appointed a Government Resident to the district with instructions to ensure 'an impartial administration of justice between the Settlers and the Aborigines.'v<\/a> However, as the permanency of European occupation became apparent and Europeans and their stock spread further inland, the conditions for a frontier war took root.vi<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Over the coming year, Aboriginal resistance to encroaching dispossession proved to be concerted and strategic. Some of the methods Aboriginal people employed to drive settlers away were directed towards the destruction of pastoral property: for instance, vandalizing shepherds’ huts, seizing food and goods from huts, assaulting hutkeepers, spearing stock, destroying fences, digging up crops, and setting crops alight. In early March 1842, stock-owner John Brown and his hutkeeper Joseph Lovelock were fatally speared. In the wake of this, the Port Lincoln colonists petitioned the Governor, listing the increasing regularity of such threatening incidents and calling for ‘a Detachment of Military to be stationed here with about Twenty-five stand of spare arms for arming the inhabitants’.vii<\/a> Without military intervention the settlement could be abandoned altogether, they warned.<\/p>\r\n

Settlers’ requests for military support (implying they were fighting an enemy), were significant in light of the fact that all Aboriginal people in South Australia had been declared to be British subjects (although without treaties or Aboriginal people’s own consent) from the moment of the colony’s foundation. The imperial government’s hope was that the status of British subjecthood would endow Aboriginal people with legal protections from violence. More typically, across the continent and the island of Van Diemen’s Land, the legal fiction of their British subjecthood justified extraordinary measures of punitive policing against them.<\/p>\r\n

The Governor, George Grey, initially refused the colonists’ entreaties.viii<\/a> However, on receiving news of the murders of stockowner Rolles Biddle, his hutkeeper Elizabeth Tubbs and overseer James Fastins, Grey reversed his decision. Biddle, Tubbs and Fastins were killed at Biddle’s station in what colonial observers understood to be a planned attack. German missionary Clamor Schürmann had been appointed Sub Protector of Aborigines for the Port Lincoln district in late 1840. A talented linguist, he acted as interpreter for local Aboriginal groups from whom he learned that the recent killings (i.e. of Brown, Lovelock, Biddle, Tubbs and Eastins) were a political act, the result of ‘a tribal <\/em>(national) decision’.ix<\/a> The recipient of Schürmann’s reports was Adelaide-based Protector of Aborigines Matthew Moorhouse, who wrote: ‘The Natives are fully aware of their numerical strength and no doubt feel emboldened by it’.x<\/a> The recently arrived Government Resident at Port Lincoln, Charles Driver, described the state of ‘general panic’ that descended on the settlement. Much farming activity beyond the safety of the township had been ‘suspended’, he wrote. Cattle stations were becoming ‘deserted and the Cattle running wild in the bush’.xi<\/a> Houses in the settlement were barricaded and women and children removed to the safety of Boston Island.xii<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Settlers at Port Lincoln were aware that threats against them were due to their occupation of the country, and they were also acutely aware of their own geographical disadvantage in the building state of frontier warfare. Located at the base of a peninsula, their tentative connection to Adelaide was by sea, 160 nautical miles across the lower Spencer Gulf, Investigator Strait and St Vincent’s Gulf. The longer overland route through the peninsula had not at that time been traversed by Europeans. This route crossed Nukunu and Barngarla country, which was as yet largely uncolonised. Writing from Port Lincoln, the Government Resident acknowledged that the geographical layout of the peninsula afforded Aboriginal people ‘so many advantages that the settlers must, for the present at least, confine their operations to the immediate vicinity of the Town’. Settlers’ fear of Aboriginal attack had, he said, ‘completely paralysed the industry of both the town and surrounding country’.xiii<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Following the Governor’s approval of military support for the Port Lincoln settlers, a detachment of fifteen men of the 96th Foot Regiment arrived under the command of Lieutenant Hugonin. From 18 April until 11 July, a paramilitary force consisting of Hugonin and his soldiers, police and settlers, patrolled the region around Port Lincoln. On several occasions, Schürmann was persuaded to accompany the force to act as an interpreter and ensure only guilty parties were arrested. From Schürmann’s diaries and reports, it is evident that innocent and unarmed Aboriginal people were shot, and that a culture of collusion and concealment existed among Hugonin, his men and the Government Resident.xiv<\/a><\/p>\r\n

It is also clear that the Aboriginal people encountered utilised their advantages and were not necessarily intimidated by the paramilitary force. On numerous occasions the pursuing party was unable to utilise their tactic of surprise attack. As Hugonin reported to Grey,<\/p>\r\n

The nature of the country is such that foot soldiers with a heavy firelock and belts have little chance of coming up with the Natives. Their accoutrements also make the attempt to surprise at night almost a certain failure, and should I be unsuccessful in the now proposed push into the heart of their country I must regret to state that it is my opinion that a military force, except employed as a Guard at the stations of the settlers, is at present totally useless in this settlement.<\/em>xv<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Pastoralist James Hawker notes in his memoir that he spoke with spoke with the ‘officer in charge’ – i.e. Hugonin – of the ‘detachment of the 96th Regiment’ who had been sent to Port Lincoln. Hawker likewise describes ‘soldiers on foot in heavy marching order’, sent to capture Aboriginal people who ‘knew every inch of country and could thus evade any attempt to make them prisoners!’; ‘Every movement of the soldiers was watched by scouts from the tribes. It was a miserable fiasco’. Hawker was informed that<\/p>\r\n

One day they [the soldiers] came to a swamp, across which they were unable to march. Fifty or sixty yards on the opposite side the natives mustered to look at them, having come out of a thick scrub a short distance in their rear. Shots were fired at them by the soldiers which, as the old Brown Bess musket would not carry effectively much more than half the distance, caused great amusement to the blacks, who danced and jeered at their adversaries for not coming across the swamp.<\/em>xvi<\/a><\/p>\r\n

During the 81 days he was on Eyre Peninsula, Hugonin reported a total of 13 fatalities. It is clear, however, that the presence and actions of the 96th did not necessarily have the intended intimidatory effect. By October, Schürmann was informed by cross-cultural intermediary Yutalta that ‘none of the murderers have died in consequence of the severe wounds which two or three of them had received’ from Hugonin’s men, that they were ‘not at all intimidated’ and ‘are bent upon hostilities against the white people’.xvii<\/a><\/p>\r\n

The Port Lincoln colonists again petitioned the Governor, stating that Yutalta (spelt Uteltea) had informed them that <\/p>\r\n

the Coffins Bay and Port Lincoln Tribes of Natives had coalesced for the express object of murdering all the whites in the Settlement, that they were endeavoring [sic] to prevail on another Tribe to join them also for this object, that they merely laugh at our Guns and say their spears are much better expressing the utmost confidence that before many moons are passed they will not leave a white person alive in Port Lincoln.<\/em>xviii<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Grey responded by sending Police Commissioner O’Halloran to Eyre Peninsula with instructions to ‘endeavour to capture any of the Aborigines who may be identified as having been concerned in the recent murders at that settlement’. The Governor made it clear that ‘no belligerent rights’ were to be exercised against ‘the Natives’ and no proceedings were to be adopted ‘but such as the Laws of England would authorise against Europeans who had been guilty of similar atrocities’. Grey entreated O’Halloran to demonstrate ‘humanity and discretion’ and provide a good example to the inhabitants of Port Lincoln.xix<\/a><\/p>\r\n

During his time on Eyre Peninsula, O’Halloran did not succeed in sighting or capturing those responsible for the earlier murders. However, on two occasions his party pursued and frightened large groups of Aboriginal people that included women and children, causing O’Halloran to report<\/p>\r\n

after having searchingly examined in all necessary directions the Country for a very considerable distance around Port Lincoln, & especially all the haunts of the “Battara Tribe”, & which will I feel convinced have a very happy effect in checking further outrages on the part of the natives generally, who were much alarmed at the rapidity of our movements, & are thus taught to dread our power.<\/em>xx<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Sporadic Aboriginal attacks continued on settlers’ stock and property over the next 12 months, and settlers were directly warned to leave.xxi<\/a> But by early 1844, Protector Matthew Moorhouse was reporting that outbreaks of violence were ‘not characterised by so much fierceness and determination as they formerly were’.xxii<\/a> Apart from the possible intimidatory effect of the 96th Regiment’s campaign and O’Halloran’s expedition, a possible reason for this shift was that settlers were starting to recognise the benefit of Aboriginal labour to the pastoral industry and had begun to employ Aboriginal people rather than drive them away from their own country. In his first report of 1845, Charles Driver commented on this point, noting that Aboriginal labour was becoming more prevalent on pastoral stations and that relations between Aboriginal people and Port Lincoln settlers were now more ‘conciliatory’.xxiii<\/a> Yet mindful of the fragility of peace, he warned that hostilities could again be provoked by ‘more extensive occupation of their country’.xxiv<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Contributors:<\/strong> Skye Krichauff and Amanda Nettelbeck<\/p>\r\n

i<\/a> South Australian Association, Outline of the plan of a proposed colony…1834<\/em> (Adelaide: Austaprint, 1978), 70-71; ‘Two English Lads’, The Perth Gazette and Western Australian Journal<\/em>, 3 October 1835, 575.<\/p>\r\n

ii<\/a> Alan Pope, ‘The Battara Resistance: A Case Study in Aboriginal Resistance,’ History Teachers Association of SA<\/em> 1976, 29.<\/p>\r\n

iii<\/a> The South Australian Register<\/em>, 25 January 1840.<\/p>\r\n

iv<\/a> Calculated by the Deputy Protector of Aborigines Reverend Schurmann, cited by Protector of Aborigines Matthew Moorhouse, Quarterly Report of 30 June 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/483.<\/p>\r\n

v<\/a> Colonial Secretary to the Resident Magistrate, 27 September 1841, GRG 24\/4\/1841\/308.<\/p>\r\n

vi<\/a> Pope, ‘The Battara Resistance’, 29.<\/p>\r\n

vii<\/a> Memorial from Port Lincoln inhabitants to Governor George Grey, 8 March 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/125.<\/p>\r\n

viii<\/a> Colonial Secretary to JB Harvey and gentlemen present on 8 March, Pt Lincoln, 7 April 1842, GRG 24-4-4(E1842), p.590.<\/p>\r\n

ix<\/a> Clamor Schürmann to Matthew Moorhouse, 27 July 1843, Protector of Aborigines' Letterbook, GRG 52\/7.<\/p>\r\n

x<\/a> Matthew Moorhouse, Quarterly Report, 30 June 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/483.<\/p>\r\n

xi<\/a> Charles Driver to the Colonial Secretary, 4 April 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/152.<\/p>\r\n

xii<\/a> See for example Nathaniel Hailes’ account (Hailes was the Government Resident’s Clerk), in Allan Peters, Recollections: Nathaniel Hailes’ adventurous life in South Australia <\/em>(Adelaide: Wakefield Press, 1998), 135.<\/p>\r\n

xiii<\/a> Charles Driver to the Colonial Secretary, 1 June 1842, GRG 24\/1\/1842\/339.<\/p>\r\n

xiv<\/a> For example the shooting of Numma on 25 April 1842 and the treatment of Ngulga’s body by the men of the 96th Regiment. See entries ‘Shooting of Numma (alias Kappler) by a soldier of the 96th Regiment, 25 April 1842’ and ‘Fatal shooting of Ngulga and capture of Nurka by a mounted party led by Hugonin, 21 May 1842’, The South Australian Frontier and its Legacies<\/em>, <\/strong><\/em>https:\/\/frontiersa-uofadel.hub.arcgis.com\/pages\/eyrepeninsula<\/strong><\/a> <\/strong><\/p>\r\n

xv<\/a> Hugonin to Government Resident Charles Driver, 24 April 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/236.<\/p>\r\n

xvi<\/a> James Hawker, Early Experiences in South Australia<\/em>, Second Series (ES Wigg & Son: Adelaide, 1901), 5.<\/p>\r\n

xvii<\/a> Schürmann to Government Resident Port Lincoln, 4 October 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/757.<\/p>\r\n

xviii<\/a> Hawson and memorialists to Government Resident Port Lincoln, 7 October 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/757.<\/p>\r\n

xix<\/a> Colonial Secretary to Police Commissioner, 4 November 1842, GRG 24\/4\/5 pp.174-5.<\/p>\r\n

xx<\/a> Police Commissioner to Colonial Secretary, 23 November 1842, GRG 24\/6\/1842\/934<\/p>\r\n

xxi<\/a> Government Resident Quarterly Report, 27 May 1844, GRG 24\/6\/1844\/561.<\/p>\r\n

xxii<\/a> Matthew Moorhouse, Quarterly Report, 10 April 1844, GRG 24\/6\/1844\/361.<\/p>\r\n

xxiii<\/a> Charles Driver to the Colonial Secretary, 1st Quarterly Report of 1845, GRG 24\/6\/1845\/408.<\/p>\r\n

xxiv<\/a> Ibid.<\/p><\/div>

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