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Audio-Visual:<\/p>\r\n

Clayton-Dixon, Callum 2019 Indigenous Research NAIDOC Lecture: The New England Frontier Wars<\/em> University of New England https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XKqOIMNvUHs<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Events in this conflict will be added as Australian Wars and Resistance research continues.<\/p>", "warning": null, "ghap_url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476", "linkback": "https:\/\/australianwars.net\/anewan.php" }, "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 152.397, -30.444 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Darkie Point, Bellinger River", "description": "In the autumn of 1841, three shepherds on Frederick Eldershaw's outstation on the north eastern edge of New England were brutally murdered and 2000 sheep taken by Baanbay warriors (Eldershaw, 1854, p 63). In reprisal Eldershaw organised a 'pursuing party' of ten men (including Eldershaw, three neighbours and six stockmen), 'well mounted and accoutred' and set off with ten days provisions for the south branch of the Clarence River. According to Eldershaw the party was ambushed by fire on at least one occasion, and after several days, they found the Baanbay camp and the sheep towards evening and split their party in two. One group remained hidden near the camp, and the other, with Eldershaw in the lead, moved to a higher ground above the camp of about 200 Baanbay. When they heard a shot fired below, in reprisal for Baanbay warriors killing one of the men, the group above immediately discharged the 'contents of ten barrels' into the camp below. A second volley from below and a third from above 'dealt frightful havoc in their ranks' and 'according to Eldershaw 'some [of the Baanbay] actually dashed themselves in frantic violence to the depths beneath, in utter heedlessness of life' (Eldershaw 1854, p 73). 'Shot after shot, with curses wild and deep the excited fellows launched at their hated foes - their butchered comrades' blood was that night fearfully avenged' (Eldershaw, 1854, p 73).\n
\nIt is estimated that at least 30 Baanbay people were shot. In his book Eldershaw justified the massacre on the grounds that it instilled in the local Aboriginal people 'a mysterious and superstitious fear of the stupendous power of the white man', caused them to become 'harmless, tractable and subdued<\/i>' and thus the 'barbarous and inhuman secret<\/i> murders [of colonists], by poison or by some violent remorseless treachery, of which in preceding times I had so frequently heard and read, were now happily abolished' (Eldershaw 1854, p 74). Eldershaw's account is reproduced in Blomfield 1981, pp 85-91 and Elder 2003, pp 105-117.", "id": "te1589", "source": "Eldershaw 1854, pp 63-74<\/a>; Blomfield 1981, pp 85-91; Elder 2003, pp 105-117.", "datestart": "1841-05-01", "dateend": "1841-05-31", "udatestart": -4060490692000, "udateend": -4057898692000, "latitude": "-30.444", "longitude": "152.397", "linkback": "https:\/\/c21ch.newcastle.edu.au\/colonialmassacres\/detail.php?r=582", "Source_ID": "582", "LanguageGroup": "Baanbay", "Colony": "NSW", "StateOrTerritory": "NSW", "PoliceDistrict": "Armidale", "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People", "VictimsDead": "30", "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal", "Attackers": "Colonists", "AttackersDead": "0", "AttackerDescription": "Settler(s), Stockmen\/Drover(s)", "CorroborationRating": "*", "War": "Anewan", "Stage": "Macleay and Nambucca", "Region": "East", "Period": "South", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te1589", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: te1589", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te1589" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "te1589", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te1589" }, "Layer": { "name": "New England Frontier Wars (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 151.883, -30.067 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Paddys Land, New England", "description": "According to settler Joshua Scholes, after Baanbay warriors killed Mrs Sullivan, the wife of a shepherd, at Aberfoyle Station, Constable Michael Clogher from Kempsey Police Station and a party of armed settlers set off on horseback in pursuit. They followed Baanbay people to Paddys Land where they surrounded them 'and shot down as many as they could' (Uralla Times and District Advocate<\/i>, 19 April 19, 1923, p 1). Clogher had a cavalry sword and was an excellent shot with pistols (Daily Examiner<\/i>, October 28, 1942, p 1). There are various spellings of the name of the constable in the sources. Some use 'Clogher' while others use 'Clogger'. The name 'Constable Michael Cloggan' (Uralla Times and District Advocate<\/i>, 19 April 19, 1923, p 1) appears to be a confusion of 'Clogher' with the name of the 'Coghlan' family in the area, and also the author of some of the anecdotes (Don Dorrigo Gazette and Guy Fawkes Advocate<\/i>, 27\/10\/1939).", "id": "te158a", "source": "Uralla Times and District Advocate<\/i>, April 19, 1923, p 1 http:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.news-article174406980<\/a>; Don Dorrigo Gazette<\/i>, October 27, 1939, p 2 http:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.news-article171867043<\/a>, and August 3, 1945, p 5 http:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.news-article173132006<\/a> and September 25, 1953, p 9 http:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.news-article173137674<\/a>; Daily Examiner<\/i>, October 28, 1942, p 1 http:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.news-article194065802<\/a>; Dungog Chronicle<\/i>, June 7, 1932, p 4 http:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.news-article141145816<\/a>; Clayton-Dixon 2019, p 95.", "datestart": "1852-08-01", "dateend": "1852-08-31", "udatestart": -3705386692000, "udateend": -3702794692000, "latitude": "-30.067", "longitude": "151.883", "linkback": "https:\/\/c21ch.newcastle.edu.au\/colonialmassacres\/detail.php?r=942", "Source_ID": "942", "LanguageGroup": "Baanbay", "Colony": "NSW", "StateOrTerritory": "NSW", "PoliceDistrict": "New England", "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People", "VictimsDead": "10", "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal", "Attackers": "Colonists", "AttackersDead": "0", "AttackerDescription": "Settler(s), Police", "CorroborationRating": "***", "War": "Anewan", "Stage": "Anewan", "Region": "East", "Period": "South", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te158a", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: te158a", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te158a" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "te158a", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te158a" }, "Layer": { "name": "New England Frontier Wars (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 152.418, -30.44 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Darkie Point, Ebor", "description": "The murder of 5 members of the Meldrum family in the Bald Hills area was reported in August 1852: \n'On the 23rd instant, information was given to the Armidale\npolice that a most dreadfull massacre had been committed the day before, at the Bald Hills' station,\n(Mr. Allen's) in this district, near the Clarence line\nof road. The unfortunate sufferers were Mary\nMason, and her two children, of the respective\nages of 3 and 18 months, and John Meldrum ...\nOn the information being received,\nthe chief constable proceeded to the scene, but\ncould not succeed in capturing any of the scoundrels;\nin fact, the police force in this district is so miserably deficient in numbers, that life is not safe even\nin the vicinity of the town from these savages. We\ntrust that the Inspector-General of Police will see\nthe necessity of immediately supplying the deficiency: otherwise it is likely that the people will\neither leave their various employments in the bush,\nor take the law into their own hands'\n(The Goulburn Herald and County of Argyle Advertiser<\/i>, 18 Sep 1852, p 3).\n
\nAccording to an article published in 1932, Major Parke led a group of colonists who shot a 'great number' of Aboriginal people in reprisal for the killing of the Meldrum family. The date given as '1856' in this article is most likely a misprint, as the murders occurred in 1852.\n'In 1856 aboriginals attacked\nMeldrum's home and killed all the inmates with the exception of a baby\nwho had been thrown against a wall\nand left there stunned. A man named\nImray (or Emery), who had been out\non the run shepherding sheep, on his\nreturn to the homestead found the\nbodies of the murdered people and also\ndiscovered the baby which had re\ncovered and was lying beside a cat.\nThe blacks who were responsible for\nthe tragedy were tracked over the\nrough country and were discovered on\na creek on the Macleay. A great number of them were shot by Major Parke\nand other residents of the district who\nhad joined in the chase' (Dungog Chronicle: Durham and Gloucester Advertiser<\/i>, 7 Jun 1932, p 4).\n
\nIndigenous historian Callum Clayton-Dixon summarised the sequence of events thus: 'Following the killing of several colonists in the Bald Hills area in August 1852, a group of Aboriginal people were chased to the edge of a sheer bluff south of Ebor and were either shot or pushed over the edge, probably both. Constable Michael Clogher and Major Edward Parke were two of the main perpetrators' (Clayton-Dixon 2019, p.138).", "id": "te158b", "source": "Clayton-Dixon 2019; The Goulburn Herald and County of Argyle Advertiser, 18 Sep 1852, p 3 https:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/101732642<\/a>; Dungog Chronicle: Durham and Gloucester Advertiser, 7 Jun 1932, p 4 https:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/141145816<\/a>", "datestart": "1852-08-23", "dateend": "1852-09-30", "udatestart": -3703485892000, "udateend": -3700202692000, "latitude": "-30.44", "longitude": "152.418", "linkback": "https:\/\/c21ch.newcastle.edu.au\/colonialmassacres\/detail.php?r=1071", "Source_ID": "1071", "LanguageGroup": "Baanbay", "Colony": "NSW", "StateOrTerritory": "NSW", "PoliceDistrict": "Armidale", "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People", "VictimsDead": "6", "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal", "Attackers": "Colonists", "AttackersDead": "0", "AttackerDescription": "Mounted Police", "CorroborationRating": "*", "War": "Anewan", "Stage": "Anewan", "Region": "East", "Period": "South", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te158b", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: te158b", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te158b" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "te158b", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te158b" }, "Layer": { "name": "New England Frontier Wars (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 151.801, -30.599 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Armidale", "description": "According to the Armidale Express<\/i> of 23 June 1860, p 2: 'It is rumoured that parties from two stations in the police district of Armidale went out lately after the wild blacks, and so scared the latter that they are not likely to be heard of again near Armidale for some time to come.' According to historian, Callum Clayton-Dixon 2019, p.103, Aboriginal resistance was 'reduced significantly at this point'.", "id": "te158c", "source": "Armidale Express<\/i>, 23 June 1860, p 2 http:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.news-article188961690<\/a>; Clayton-Dixon 2019, p 103.", "datestart": "1860-06-01", "dateend": "1860-06-30", "udatestart": -3458196292000, "udateend": -3455690692000, "latitude": "-30.599", "longitude": "151.801", "linkback": "https:\/\/c21ch.newcastle.edu.au\/colonialmassacres\/detail.php?r=943", "Source_ID": "943", "LanguageGroup": "Anaiwan, McLeay River Aboriginal people", "Colony": "NSW", "StateOrTerritory": "NSW", "PoliceDistrict": "New England", "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People", "VictimsDead": "6", "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal", "Attackers": "Colonists", "AttackersDead": "0", "AttackerDescription": "Stockmen\/Drover(s)", "CorroborationRating": "*", "War": "Anewan", "Stage": "Anewan", "Region": "East", "Period": "South", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te158c", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: te158c", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te158c" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "te158c", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te158c" }, "Layer": { "name": "New England Frontier Wars (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 151.101, -29.139 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Deepwater (1), New England Pastoral District", "description": "On 11 September 1842, one of the Irby brothers recorded a night time attack on a camp of 100 Anaiwan people located between '2 terribly steep ridges, about 20 metres above a gully. We completely routed them and remained in possession of the camp and all their traps. There were 102 sheep left. We made a large fire and burned everything belonging to them. We got home at 4pm next day, well satisfied with our success.' (Irby, 1908, pp 60-63) Carried out by Edward and Leonard Irby, John Windeyer, overseer Collins and one other on horseback and three other men on foot. Carried out in reprisal for the killing of a stockman.", "id": "te8b6c", "source": "Irby 1908, pp 60-63, https:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.obj-2604939357\/view?partId=nla.obj-2604968058#page\/n61\/mode\/1up<\/a>", "datestart": "1842-09-11", "dateend": "1842-09-11", "udatestart": -4017463492000, "udateend": -4017463492000, "latitude": "-29.139", "longitude": "151.101", "linkback": "https:\/\/c21ch.newcastle.edu.au\/colonialmassacres\/detail.php?r=588", "Source_ID": "588", "LanguageGroup": "Guyambal or Ngarabul or Marbal", "Colony": "NSW", "StateOrTerritory": "NSW", "PoliceDistrict": "Armidale", "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People", "VictimsDead": "20", "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal", "Attackers": "Colonists", "AttackersDead": "0", "AttackerDescription": "Settler(s), Stockmen\/Drover(s)", "CorroborationRating": "*", "War": "Gomeroi and Wallaroi Resistance", "Stage": "MacIntyre River", "Region": "East", "Period": "South", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6c", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: te8b6c", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6c" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "te8b6c", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6c" }, "Layer": { "name": "New England Frontier Wars (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 152.003, -29.163 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Bluff Rock, New England Pastoral District", "description": "In daylight on 17 October 1844, Edward Irby and Thomas Windeyer and the latter's two servants Connor and Weaver, chased and then lost and then came upon, more by chance than by skill, a group of Bundjalung or Ngarabal (Marbal or Ngarbal speakers?) sheltering beneath the very rocks Irby and Windeyer found themselves upon. Irby and Windeyer lay on the rocks and began firing at the people below, knowing that their fire would bring up Connor and Weaver who joined the slaughter (Irby cited in Walker, 1996, p30). The massacre was in reprisal for the Aboriginal killing of a shepherd named Robinson, employee of Irby Brothers, lessees of Bolivia station (Schlunke 2005 pp 59-60).", "id": "te8b6d", "source": "Irby 1908, p 77-80, 88-90, https:\/\/nla.gov.au\/nla.obj-2604939357\/view?partId=nla.obj-2604971617#page\/n76\/mode\/1up<\/a>; Schlunke 2005, pp 59-60; Walker, 1966, p 30.", "datestart": "1844-10-17", "dateend": "1844-10-17", "udatestart": -3951194692000, "udateend": -3951194692000, "latitude": "-29.163", "longitude": "152.003", "linkback": "https:\/\/c21ch.newcastle.edu.au\/colonialmassacres\/detail.php?r=593", "Source_ID": "593", "LanguageGroup": "Bundjalung, Marbal or Ngarbal", "Colony": "NSW", "StateOrTerritory": "NSW", "PoliceDistrict": "Armidale", "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People", "VictimsDead": "10", "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal", "Attackers": "Colonists", "AttackersDead": "0", "AttackerDescription": "Settler(s), Stockmen\/Drover(s)", "CorroborationRating": "***", "War": "Gomeroi and Wallaroi Resistance", "Stage": "MacIntyre River", "Region": "East", "Period": "South", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6d", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: te8b6d", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6d" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "te8b6d", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6d" }, "Layer": { "name": "New England Frontier Wars (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 151.628, -29.27 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Deepwater (2), New England Pastoral District", "description": "A party of border police lead by Oliver Fry, Crown Lands Commissioner for the Clarence Pastoral District, 'fired without warning on a party of Aborigines near the Windeyer family's \"Deepwater\" station at New England killing seven men, four women and five children.' (Richard Craig to Deas Thompson, 1 July 1846, CSIL<\/i>, 4\/2719, 46\/5747 cited in Reece, 1974, p 187)", "id": "te8b6e", "source": "Walker 1966, p 30; Reece 1974, p 187.", "datestart": "1845-03-01", "dateend": "1845-03-01", "udatestart": -3939530692000, "udateend": -3939530692000, "latitude": "-29.27", "longitude": "151.628", "linkback": "https:\/\/c21ch.newcastle.edu.au\/colonialmassacres\/detail.php?r=596", "Source_ID": "596", "LanguageGroup": "Guyambal or Ngarabul or Marbal", "Colony": "NSW", "StateOrTerritory": "NSW", "PoliceDistrict": "Armidale", "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People", "VictimsDead": "16", "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal", "Attackers": "Colonists", "AttackersDead": "0", "AttackerDescription": "Border Police", "CorroborationRating": "**", "War": "Gomeroi and Wallaroi Resistance", "Stage": "MacIntyre River", "Region": "East", "Period": "South", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6e", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: te8b6e", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6e" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "te8b6e", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6e" }, "Layer": { "name": "New England Frontier Wars (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } } } }, { "type": "Feature", "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 151.185, -29.085 ] }, "properties": { "name": "Severn (Dumaresq) River", "description": "Drawing on the personal reminiscences of John Watts, a former member of the Qld Legislative Assembly, Skinner (1975, p 30) says that a native police detachment led by Frederick Walker, hid under the dray of the carrier known as 'The Smiler' when he arrived at Beebo station on the Macintyre River. When a group of Aboriginal warriors arrived at the carrier's camp, 'dressed in \"war paint\", the police discharged their guns and the natives immediately retreated into the scrub where formerly they were safe as no white man dared follow.' However the Native Police immediately followed the Aborigines and in the words of Watts, 'the number they killed no one but the commander and themselves ever knew' (Skinner, 1975, pp 30-31).", "id": "te8b6f", "source": "Skinner, 1975, pp 30-31.", "datestart": "1849-05-01", "dateend": "1849-05-31", "udatestart": -3808029892000, "udateend": -3805437892000, "latitude": "-29.085", "longitude": "151.185", "linkback": "https:\/\/c21ch.newcastle.edu.au\/colonialmassacres\/detail.php?r=610", "Source_ID": "610", "LanguageGroup": "Marbal or Guyambul", "Colony": "NSW", "StateOrTerritory": "QLD", "PoliceDistrict": "Warialda", "Victims": "Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander People", "VictimsDead": "6", "VictimDescription": "Aboriginal", "Attackers": "Colonists", "AttackersDead": "0", "AttackerDescription": "Native Police", "CorroborationRating": "*", "War": "Gomeroi and Wallaroi Resistance", "Stage": "MacIntyre River", "Region": "East", "Period": "South", "TLCMapLinkBack": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6f", "TLCMapDataset": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" }, "display": { "popup": { "links": [ { "text": "TLCMap Record: te8b6f", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6f" }, { "text": "TLCMap Layer", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } ] }, "source": { "TLCMapID": { "id": "te8b6f", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/search?id=te8b6f" }, "Layer": { "name": "New England Frontier Wars (community contributed)", "url": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" } } } } ], "display": { "popup": { "blockedFields": [ "OBJECTID", "id", "title", "name", "udatestart", "udateend", "layer", "TLCMapLinkBack", "TLCMapDataset" ], "fieldLabels": { "placename": "Place Name", "StartDate": "Date Start", "EndDate": "Date End", "datestart": "Date Start", "dateend": "Date End", "latitude": "Latitude", "longitude": "Longitude", "state": "State", "lga": "LGA", "feature_term": "Feature Term", "source": "Source", "original_data_source": "Original Data Source", "linkback": "Link Back", "type": "Type", "description": "Description", "parish": "Parish", "warning": "Warning" } }, "info": { "title": { "text": "New England Frontier Wars", "link": "https:\/\/tlcmap.org\/publicdatasets\/2476" }, "content": "

Audio-Visual:<\/p>\r\n

Clayton-Dixon, Callum 2019 Indigenous Research NAIDOC Lecture: The New England Frontier Wars<\/em> University of New England https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XKqOIMNvUHs<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Events in this conflict will be added as Australian Wars and Resistance research continues.<\/p><\/div>

Help<\/a><\/p>", "enableShareWidget": true } }, "dataset_id": 2476 }