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    <name><![CDATA[Humanitarians in the Antipodes: Travelling 'Under Concern']]></name>
    <description><![CDATA[<p>An overview of the investigative tours of British Quakers, James Backhouse and George Washington Walker, who were 'travelling under concern' in the Southern oceans in 1830s.</p>]]></description>
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      <Data name="subject_keywords"><![CDATA[colonialism, religious society of friends, quakers, colonial history, james backhouse, george washington walker, transnational human rights activism]]></Data>
      <Data name="recordtype"><![CDATA[Journey]]></Data>
      <Data name="creator"><![CDATA[Penny Edmonds]]></Data>
      <Data name="contact"><![CDATA[penny.edmonds@flinders.edu.au]]></Data>
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      <Data name="temporal_from"><![CDATA[1831-09-03]]></Data>
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      <Data name="created_at"><![CDATA[2024-09-27 11:43:15]]></Data>
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      <name><![CDATA[Embarkation of the barque Science from St Katherine's Dock, London, under Captain William Saunders]]></name>
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          <value><![CDATA[Captain William Saunders]]></value>
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      <name><![CDATA[Remains of John Salmon committed to the deep]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Passed by a penguin 'when upwards of 100 miles south of the island of Amsterdam']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Took 'lodging in Liverpool Street, near the entrance into the Government Domain']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Inspection of 'the King's School, conducted on the National School plan' and attended by upwards of forty boys who 'pay from 4d. to 1s. a week, but attend irregularly']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[A walk 'to Elizabeth Town, usually called New Norfolk, in consequence of a number of persons, formerly residing on Norfolk Island, being settled in the neighbourhood']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On the Tamar sailing from Sullivans Cove to Macquarie Harbour with Backhouse and Walker were, ‘John Burn, the captain for the voyage, Henry Herberg, the mate, David Hoy, a ship's carpenter, Jno. A. Manton’ along with 10 ‘private soldiers and a sergeant, as guard’, 2 soldiers' wives with 5 children, 12 seamen ‘several of whom were convicts’, and 18 ‘prisoners under sentence to the Penal Settlement’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After 'passing between the Acteon Islands and Recherche Bay', the Tamar 'rounded the Whales-head', 'came into the open sea' and sailed into 'the middle harbour of Port Davey' where they remained for seventeen days.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On the 4th of June the Tamar 'came distinctly in view of Cape Sorell' and experienced a treacherous entry into Macquarie Habour and through 'a narrow passage between two rocks, called "The Gates", or from the nature of the settlement, "Hells Gates”; many of the prisoners recklessly asserting that all who entered in hither, were doomed to eternal perdition’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse interviewed the steward on board the Tamar who had been 'transported when 14 years old' and found that he 'attributed his early turpitude, to the influence of had company, which led him to use strong drink and disobey his father, and to practice many other evils'. He had been transported for robbery and though 'he had forsaken his evil ways' he still 'felt keenly the bitter consequences of his former vices, for which he was still in bondage'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After visiting ‘a fine estate’ called Orielton, they ‘went to Sorell Town, and became the guests of James Norman, one of the Colonial Chaplains, with whom we became acquainted in Hobart Town’. ‘Sorell Town, often called Pitt Water, from being situated on a little gulf of that name’ had ‘a neat Episcopal place of worship, a parsonage, a Government School-house, and a watch-house of stone, as well as about 50 houses and cottages, most of which are of wood’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[While 'beating up the coast against a contrary wind' the cutter Charlotte was approached by the brig Helen, which was sailing with sugar from the Isle of France to Sydney. A boat was sent with a request for a bag of biscuit, as the brig Helen had 'run short of this necessary article'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At 'The Lagoons' Aboriginal people resided in 'three huts or "breakwinds"' with fires in the centre. When Backhouse and Walker entered a hut, 'the people sat up, and began to sing… with much animation of countenance and gesture', and this was 'kept up to a late hour: they are said often to continue their singing till midnight'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker received 'a few waddies and some shell necklaces' from Aboriginal people and gave 'presents in return'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The population of Launceston was about 2000, with streets 'regularly laid out', and houses that were mostly weather-boarded and few of brick. The only place of worship was the Episcopal Church which was 'a neat edifice of stone'. He described The Cataract as a 'deep, narrow, picturesque, basaltic gorge' which was 'about half a mile from the town' which was 'pleasantly situated'.  ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Four Aboriginal people had sailed with W.J. Darling to Launceston from Flinders Island. Their 'cheerful, intelligent appearance excited a favourable impression' on the peole of Launceston 'who had known little' of local Aboriginal people 'but as exasperated enemies, charged with treachery and implacable cruelty.' ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At 'the mouth of the Tamar there was a tremendous tide-ripple, that occasioned the cutter to pitch violently'. While passing the mountainous region between Port Dalrymple and Port Sorell, two of the Aboriginal men on board 'shewed some uneasiness and fear' caused by their connection 'with the destruction of two settlers'. The 'misconduct' of these two settlers 'in a civilized country, would have rendered the case one of what is termed in law, "Justifiable homicide"', but 'a verdict of wilful murder was given at the inquest and the whole Colony was thrown into excitement through fear', 'so that few people thought of going from home without guns or pistols'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Greeted by Samuel Reeves, Superintendent with the Van Diemen's Land Company and surgeon James Richardson at Woolnorth, where there were 'only a few weather-boarded buildings'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Cape Grim the 'whole scenery is in harmony with the name of the place'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The 'Wandering Albatross rears is young on Albatross Island, where it sits on its eggs til knocked down by the sealers for the sake of its feathers' which were 'sold for about 9d a pound'. A single bird could yield about a pound of feathers and nearly 1,000 Albotrosses were said to have been killed on this island in 1831, with some of the birds 'stunned, plucked, and cruelly left to linger'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The kelp on Albatross Island was 'of gigantic magnitude' and it was converted by Aboriginal people into vessels for carrying water'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Mutton fish were 'met with abundantly' and Aboriginal women would dive for them in deep water, 'force them from the rocks by means of a wooden chisel' and bring them up in an oval bag 'suspended round their necks'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Woolnorth, Backhouse & Walker met with a party of Aboriginal peope who  arrived from Barren Island where they had been 'under the charge of Anthony Cottrell, G. A. Robinson's assistant'. These Aboriginal people 'had been with G. A. Robinson, on the west coast' and an Aboriginal woman was described as 'the sole relick of a tribe that inhabited the western side of the Huon River, on the south coast'. When Backhouse asked her 'what became of the people of her country', she answered 'They all died'. When asked 'what killed them', an 'aged man of the Bruny Island tribe, who is one of their doctors' replied 'The Devil'. When asked how this was managed, the Aboriginal woman 'began to cough violently' to demonstrate 'how they were affected' and she said that the 'rest were all dead', so she had made a raft to cross D'Entrecasteaux Channel to Bruny Island, 'and joined a tribe there'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Woolnorth, Backhouse & Walker interviewed an Aboriginal man they described as 'an old Doctor' who 'was smeared and streaked with red ochre and grease, with which his beard was also dressed'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arrived at Circular Head on the Fanny found the Conch at the jetty, and was provided accommodation by Edward Curr.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On the way to Perth', they 'visited a company of prisoners'. Perth consisted 'of ten houses, two of which are inns' and was 'prettily situated on the high banks of the South Esk River'.  ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They 'proceeded down the Break o'day Plains, and past the township of Fingal' which was 'marked only by barracks, occupied by five soldiers'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They reached 'John Batman's, on Buffalo Plains under Ben Lomond'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arrived '‘at the Lagoons, the site of the old settlement on Flinders Island, we made our way along the beach, and through the bush, to Wybalenna’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The weather was fine when Backhouse & Walker 'passed Montagu Island, Mount Dromedary, and Point Dromedary' in the ketch Henry Freeling on 18 December 1834.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On 20 May 1835 Backhouse & Walker entered 'the Heads of Port Jackson in safety' and they were brought into Sydney Cove. They 'went on shore by a boat from the Government dock-yard, and found eighteen letters' waiting for them at the Post office, eleven of which were from friends in England.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Sailing from Moreton Bay to Newcastle, the ship Isabella carrying Backhouse & Walker arrived 'into Port Hunter, tacking first to one side, and then to the other, close to the breakers' until they 'reached a place of safety, under a natural, though imperfect breakwater, terminated by an islet, called The Knobby'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker were welcomed in Newcastle by the Colonial Surgeon George Brooks. Newcastle was described as 'only a village of about forty houses, inclusive of a jail, a hospital and military barracks']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Three Aboriginal men rowed Threlkeld, Backouse & Walker to the site of the old missionary station at the head of Lake Macquarie. This station had been abandoned by the London Missionary Society and the Aboriginal people who had lived there were reported to have 'become dispersed among the settlers, towards Newcastle'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker were 'furnished with letters of introduction' from their 'kind friend, the Colonel Secretary, to several settlers on the Hunter River', so they 'sailed by the Ceres steamer, for Maitland, and had a fine passage, the sea being so smooth as scarcely to give motion to the vessel'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The steamer Ceres anchored at Newcastle 'about five o'clock in the morning' and after 'waiting an hour for daylight, it proceeded up the Hunter, to the Green Hills or Morpeth, the port of the embryo town of Maitland, which is about twenty miles from Newcastle, by land, and forty by water.' Backhouse described the Hunter river as 'of considerable width' with banks of 'low, alluvial land' with little cleared and a 'thick scrub, containing a variety of trees and shrubs' extending to the water's edge. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Maitland was described as being 'aobut three miles from Green Hills' and consisting of 'a considerable number of houses, scattered by the sides of a soft road, for upwards of two miles, some of which' were 'substantially built of brick'. Backhouse & Walker found 'good accomodation at a hotel between Green Hills and Maitland'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker found that in Maitland 'a considerable number' of Aboriginal people 'were working for the inhabitants, as hewers of wood and drawers of water'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker 'visited the Jail' which was described as 'a place of temporary confinement' before prisoners were transferred to Newcastle'. The Maitland Jail consisted 'of a few cells, enclosed within a high, wooden fence' and was 'said to be sometimes so crowded' that prisoners had 'to be brought into the yard to avoid suffocation'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After holding a meeting in the Maitland Court House, Backhouse & Walker 'visited an ironed-gang, employed on the roads, under a military guard' and 'found them locked up in their caravans, out of which only one-third were allowed to come at a time, for exercise'. Backhouse reported that when the convicts were locked in 'only half of them can sit up, on the ends of the platforms, on which half of them sleep; the rest must sit back, with their legs at a right angle with their bodies'. On the arrival of Backhouse & Walker, these convicts 'were all turned out, counted, and then marched to a place, at a short distance, where they stood, with the guard of soldiers, under arms, behind them' in order to be addressed by the Quakers. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker 'travelled westward through open, grassy forest, towards Harpers Hills' where an 'ironed-gang' were stationed. These convicts at Harpers Hills 'were working on the road, at a place where... there were marine fossils, sparingly imbedded in basalt'.]]></name>
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        <begin>1836-06-21</begin>
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      <name><![CDATA[In June 1836 the 'town reserve of Muscle Brook' was 'marked by a small, weatherboard inn'. A few miles away was 'Arthurs Vale, a large farming establishment, belonging to Henry Dumaresq'. At Arthurs Vale, the prisoner-servants were numerous, and under excellent management'. Most were 'lodged in ten, neat cottages, with gardens attached' with 'wives of several of those of good conduct... permitted to join their husbands'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On their way to Stroud, Backhouse & Walker passed 'a small settlement called Alderley' where they 'were hospitably entertained by an intellegent medical man, having the superintendence of the stock' of the Australian Agricultural Company. Backhouse & Walker reported that the population of Stroud was 'considerably greater than that of other stations, and that the number of Aboriginal people was 'considerable on the territory of the Company; and if its object had been as much to do justice to the people whose lands they have occupied, as it has been to enrich themselves, they would doubtless have made more effort than they have done for their civilization'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Wallarobba, Backhouse & Walker 'were very cordially received by a settler and his wife' who had 'maintained a kindly feeling' toward the local Aboriginal people, who lived 'about them in quietness and confidence, but who have been reduced in this neighbourhood, by various causes, among which has been the Small Pox, from about 200 to 60'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On 23 July 1836 Backhouse & Walker left the Hunter Valley to return to Newcastle by the steamer Sophia Jane.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker 'visited a detachment of fourteen men, belonging to a bridge and road-party, at the Iron-bark Creek, about eight miles from Newcastle, toward Maitland'. This group 'were gathered up' and 'at length collected in an overseer's hut' where Backhouse & Walker 'were strengthened to extend to them an invitation to turn to the Lord.']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker followed a 'track towards Melbourne' where they 'were conveyed across the Yarra-yarra, by a voluntary ferryman whose practice was to make no charge, but to accept what his passengers pleased, finding, that in this way he got the best paid'. On landing from the ferry boat, Backhouse & Walker 'were recognized by George Langhorne', whom they had known in Sydney. George Langhorne had been appointed to 'form a Missionary Station at Port Phillip placed under the care of a committee of the Episcopal Church Missionary Society in Sydney'. Backhouse & Walker accepted his invitation to sail to the mission with Langhorne and four Aboriginal boys.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Eudora 'cleared Gellibrands Point' and dropped anchor 'in the evening, in a bay a little to the northward of Arthurs Seat'. Backhouse & Walker were 'the only passengers in the cabin', but there were thirteen people in steerage who 'not liking the arrangements for wages at Port Phillip' had 'determined on proceeding to South Australia'. Also on board were thirty dogs which the captain had brought from Hobart and hoped to 'sell to advantage in India'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On 30 November 1837 Backhouse & Walker 'walked about seven miles to Port Adelaide' where they observed 'two large stores of corrugated iron, in the form of the halve of horizontal cylinders, and several smaller ones of rushes' as well as 'some huts and tents'. Shipping was able to 'come up the creek' and 'by means of a cut of 180 yards across the salt marsh' boats could discharge their cargoes close to the stores'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse reported that the Aboriginal people in Adelaide were 'not numerous' and he believed these people were of an appearance 'much like those of other parts of Australia'. Backhouse observed that up until December 1837 only one European had lost his life through the actions of an Aboriginal person, but that this had been 'the result of his own profligacy'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On the morning of 17 December 1837 the Eudora 'left the Gambier and Thistle Islands in Spencers Gulf, to the northward, and one of the Neptune Islands, to the southward'. Backhouse reported that seals, mutton birds and terns were numerous on Neptune island. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Eudora made 224 miles, between the noon of 17 December 1837 and the following day, and Backhouse reported that they 'were out of sight of land.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse described the town of Freemantle as having a population of about 200, and as 'situated behind a little promontory of limestone, at the mouth of an estuary, called Melville Water' with limestone houses which were 'going to decay' in 'consequence of the seat of Government having been removed to Perth'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker 'obtained leave to visit the prisons' in Port Louis, and after 'breakfasting with the Colonial Secretary' they left in company of 'L. Banks, one of the Episcopal Chaplains' to inspect the 'two principal prisons and the Military Hospital'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker accompanied their 'friends George and Jane Clark in a ride to Pamplemousses, and spent a little time in the Botanic Garden'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After dining with William Henry Harvey, the Colonial Treasurer, Backhouse and Walker 'walked with him through the Kloof, between Table Mountain and the Lion Hill' where the scenery was very grand.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Zwellendam, which Backhouse described as 'a long straggling village of pretty apprearance with neat, white houses, some English, some Dutch in style', they were visited by Civil Commissioner Harry Rivers and Minister William Robertson. They inspected the school, town library and prison, which they found to be 'clean and tolerably commodious'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[An inspection of the South African Missionary Society at Zoar found three to four hundred Khoikhoi people who were farming 'an extensive tract of land, chiefly rocky, karroo hills' with 200 acres of fertile land by the side of the river. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Daniel Lindley accompanied Backhouse and Walker to Port Elizabeth, where they 'met a cordial welcome from Adam and Elizabeth Robson of the London Missionary Society' and had their 'horses shod by a pious blacksmith formerly connected with the Madagascar Mission'. Port Elizabeth was described as 'a small, English sea-port town' of about 100 stone or brick, red-tiled English-style houses.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After crossing Kat River, Backhouse and Walker were escorted to Philipton by 'Joseph Read, a son of James Read, the aged and worthy Missionary, and Richard Birt, a young Missionary'. Philipton was described as consisting of 'a large, plain building used as a chapel and schoolroom, and of humble cottages, occupied by the Missionaries, James Read senior and junior' and of 'humber' huts inhabited by Khoikhoi, Xhosa   and other people.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker 'met a kind reception' at Igquibigha Station from Robert Niven who resided there in a 'stone house consisting of a few plain rooms, one of which was used for a school'. ]]></name>
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        <begin>1839-01-15</begin>
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      <name><![CDATA[Robert Niven accompanied Backhouse and Walker to 'Burns Hill, another station of the Glasgow Missionary Society, which was under the direction of James Laing, who was assisted by Alexander McDarmid, a pious artizan'.]]></name>
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        <begin>1839-02-18</begin>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Butterworth William Fynn interpreting the service into Dutch, and a man named Jabez Bunting translated out of Dutch into Bantu. Backhouse reported that 'William Fynn had lately visited the Fitkani Chiefs, N'capai and Faku, accompanied by one of the Wesleyan Missionaries' with the errand 'to obtain a promise of peace for the land; and in this object they succeeded'.]]></name>
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        <begin>1839-03-03</begin>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker returned to Cape Town via Morley, Clarkbury, Butterworth, Grahams Town, Glen Avon, Jammerberg, Platberg. Philippolis, Beaufort, and Ebenezer.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On 21 December 1840, Backhouse reported that the 'island called St. Helena was in view… steep and mountainous'. Here they 'transferred a few letters to a Dutch ship which was making for the port' before continuing on their journey back to England.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[When crossing the Equator, Backhouse reported that the weather was extremely hot. The deck was so dry that the 'pitch was softened in the seams between the planks, and the wood was too hot to allow of persona walking upon it without shoes'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[As the schooner Invoice 'passed between the islands of Fayal and Flores among the Azores' the islands were not visible 'in consequence of a fog'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After losing a man overboard near the Scilly Islands, the schooner Invoice entered the English Channel on the 12 February 1841, soon sighting land off Bolt Head.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On 15 February 1841, Backhouse 'went on board of a steamer and landed at London Bridge after an absence of nine years and five months' from his 'native land'. He made his way to the house of his friends John and Isabel Kitching at Stamford Hill, where he was soon joined by one of his sisters. Six days later Backhouse was reunited with his children, whom he 'had left young' and found that they 'were so much grown and altered' that he 'could not have identified them'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Description of forty-six 'Chelsea pensioners' in steerage]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Disorderly conduct at Deal, London]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Intemperance and violent behaviour on board the barque Science]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The 'last trace of our native shores' at Lizard Point, Cornwall]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Bottled spring-water a great luxury]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Delivered 'a letter of introduction from Lord Goderich, the Secretary of State for the Colonies' and gained 'a favourable impression' of Lieutenant Governor Colonel George Arthur]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Went 'on shore with John Leach, a young man from Bradford, Yorkshire' who was 'professing with the Wesleyans' and 'made calls on several people to whom we had letters of introduction']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Meet with 'the captain of a vessel who had lately taken some of the Aborigines to Flinders Island']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Had tea with Lieutenant Governor Colonel George Arthur and his family who made up 'a numerous and interesting group']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Went on board the ship Liberty which was built out of the wreck of the Betsy and Sophia]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Went 'on board the Elizabeth, in company with Captain Forster, the chief police magistrate, to whom we had been introduced by the Governor, and witnessed the examination of part of the convicts, just arrived from England in this ship']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Went 'to the Penitentiary  to see the convicts from on board the Elizabeth, examined by the Lieut. Governer, who spoke to several of them individually: he alluded to the degraded state into which they had brought themselves by their crimes; this he justly compared to a state of slavery']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[A conversation with a women who had been brought as a child to the Colony in 1804, at the time that Lieut. Governor Collins first formed a settlement' and who described visits of Aboriginal people 'with whom the children were often left, and who treated them kindly']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[A visit to 'the House of Correction for females, termed the Factory' which contained about 230 prisoners]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Addressed 'a chain-gang of upwards of 100 prisoners' who were 'quiet and attentive' as a 'guard of soldiers under arms' stood over them]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Walked 'to the Government-garden, which is situated on the beautiful banks of the Derwent, about a mile from town']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At New Norfolk, which consisted of about thirty houses, they visited the unfinished hospital 'under the superintendence of one of the Colonial Surgeons'. They 'also visited a respectable boarding-school, of about twenty fine looking boys, kept by a young man with whose family' had been acquaintances of Backhouse when in England.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Upon returning to Hobart, Backhouse and Walker called 'at a few small cottages on the Sorell-rivulet’, where they ‘reasoned with the occupants on "temperance, righteousness, and judgment to come"’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They ‘accompanied the Lieutenant Governor to the Old Orphan School, and to an unfinished building, designed for the better accommodation of this institution. The latter is prettily situated near New-town, and is intended for about six hundred children’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker returned to Hobart and remained there until May, ‘occupied in putting religious tracts and books into circulation, visiting the prisons, conversing with various persons, on the eternal interests of man, and holding or attending meetings for the promotion of religion and morality’. Several times they 'visited the prisoners in the Penitentiary' which contained 'upwards of 600 prisoners'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[While in the district of Clyde, they ‘visited the recently laid-out town of Bothwell’  which had ‘a small Episcopal place of worship, built of stone, an inn of two stories, of brick, about thirty houses, of wood, and a small jail, of the same material’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[In Hamilton they found ‘a water-mill and about ten houses, occupied chiefly by artizans of various kinds’ who were ‘a great accommodation to the settlers of the surrounding district ; and such of them as are sober and industrious make a respectable livelihood’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker ‘remained 17 days at the settlement on Sarahs Island, making occasional excursions to the out-posts’. Backhouse noted that ‘the place has since been abandoned, on account of its distance from Hobart Town, and the difficulty of access to it, and the prisoners have been transferred to Port Arthur, on Tasmans Peninsula’, and then devoted a chapter to describing ‘the discipline of the prisoners’, ‘the nearly uninhabited, western side of V. D. Land’, and ‘a specimen of the discipline of one of the older Penal Settlements’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Macquarie Harbour 'did not present the desolate appearance which' Backhouse had expected, but he admitted that 'it was a gloomy place in the eyes of a prisoner, from the privations he suffered there, in being shut out from the rest of the... restricted to a limited quantity of food, which did not include fresh meat; from being kept under a military guard; from the hardship he endured, in toiling almost constantly in the wet, at felling timber and rolling it to the water, and from other severe labour, without wages, as well as from the liability to be flogged or subjected to solitary confinement, for small offences'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[During their stay at Macquarie Harbour, they 'received great kindness and attention from the Commandant' who afforded them 'all the information we desired respecting the discipline of the Settlement', and gave them 'free access to the prisoners, both
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse reported that parties of Aboriginal people crossed the mouth of Macquarie Harbour 'on floats, in the form of a boat, made of bundles of the paper-like bark of the Swamp Tea-tree, lashed side by side, by means of tough grass'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse recorded that the Aboriginal people of the Macquarie Harbour region [Toogee People] were 'said to be shy' and had not 'committed any outrage'. Backhouse reported that 'a girl of about fourteen years of age' had been exchanged for a dog with the people at the Pilot Station, but that 'the girl not liking her situation was taken back, and the dog returned'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On the return of Backhouse and Walker to Hobart, they took up residence 'with Thomas J. and Sarah Crouch' to whose home they continually returned as lodgers for several years. Backhouse and Walker presented a 'report on the state of the Penal Settlement at Macquarie Habour' to the Lieutenant Governor.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Having ‘received an invitation from a settler named Robert Mather’ and his wife to visit them ‘at Lauderdale, on Muddy Plains’, Backhouse and Walker travelled across ‘a salt marsh’ to find a ‘neat, clean brick house, two tidy children, and a thriving garden, clear of weeds’, and they preached in the local area.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker travelled to ‘town of Richmond’ which was ‘prettily situated, at the extremity of an inlet called the Sweet Water’ and ‘consisted of the court-house, a jail, a windmill, and about 30 dwelling-houses, three of which were inns’. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At a school house in Sorell Town, Backhouse and Walker ‘had a meeting with about 70 persons’ on 2 September 1832. After this they traversed a ‘rough passage over the Bluff Ferry, and a walk of nine miles through the bush’ until they ‘re-crossed the Derwent, in a large boat, from Kangaroo Point, to Hobart Town’ where they ‘were cheered by letters from our friends in England’. They remained in Hobart until 25 September 1832.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker received the sanction of the Lieutenant Governor to visit the 'Establishment' for Aboriginal people on Flinders Island in Bass Strait, and embarked in the 'Charlotte' cutter under the command of John Thornloe from Doncaster. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[In the evening they 'passed Cape Raoul or Basaltes, a a magnificent mass of perpendicular basaltic columns, forming the south west point of Tasmans Peninsula'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The cutter Charlotte 'put into Port Arthur, a penal settlement lately formed to receive prisoners' who had been transferred from a penal settlement on Maria Island.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Near Cape Pillar the cutter Charlotte 'fell in with the barque Bolina, of London, on her passage from New Zealand'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The cutter Charlotte 'beat up between Maria Island and the main land' until the evening when they 'were cheered by lights on the coast, at the house of a settler, and at a whaling station, in Spring Bay'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[One of the cutter's crew was a 'prisoner having a ticket of leave, who had been educated in a school on the system of the British and Foreign School Society, at Norwich', and retained 'a sense of the kindness they met with from Joseph John Gurney, Peter Bedford, Elizabeth Fry, and some others of our friends in England'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arriving at Preservation Island early in the morning, Backhouse and Walker went on shore not far from two huts belonging to sealer James Munro, who lived with an Aboriginal woman named 'Jumbo' as the only permanent residents on the Island. While on Preservation Island Backhouse and Walker interveiwed three sealers and three Aboriginal women who were 'on their way to the coast of New Holland, where, on a number of small islands, they still obtain Fur Seals'. One of the Aboriginal women presented Backhouse and Walker with necklaces of shells.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On Preservation Island sealer James Munro and Aboriginal woman 'Jumbo' raised 'wheat, potatoes, and other vegetables near his house', reared 'goats, pigs and fowls', collected birds and their eggs. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Captain John Thornloe had been told 'the settlement on Flinders Island was suffering for want of provisions'. The cutter Charlotte sailed from Preservation Island, assisted by James Munro as pilot, and passed Long Island, Badger Island, Chapel Island, before reaching the anchorage under Green Island, 'the nearest place of safety to the settlement, at which a vessel could lie'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The approach of the cutter Charlotte to Flinders Island 'was hailed with joy' as supplies were low. Two boats approached, bringing the Commandant, Ensign William J. Darling, and surgeon A. McLachlan to meet the Charlotte.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[When Backhouse and Walker were landed on Flinders Island, 'close by the Settlement' a 'considerable number' of Aboriginal people were upon the beach.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[This day 'a sealer from Guncarriage Island, came and took away a child that he had had' with an Aboriginal woman, and he 'would not be persuaded to leave the little girl under the care' or her mother, 'who was greatly distressed at parting' with her daughter.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Aboriginal men were 'rerequested to cease from wearing "bal-de-winny," that is red ochre and grease, in their hair, they had signified a willingness to do so, if they might have some other covering for their heads... Scotch Caps were distributed among them'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker, with WJ Darling, GW Walker, four Aboriginal men and two Aboriginal women, walked to 'Pea Jacket Point'. The Settlement was seen as 'unfit for agriculture and in other respects unfavourable for advancement of civilisation', so a move was planned. The party camped overnight in 'a well sheltered place, by a small streamlet'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Pea Jacket Point 'appeared much preferable for a settlement to the Lagoons, being a promontory with a considerable quantity of grassland, sheltered by thick scrub toward the sea, and having access to the mountains behind ; nevertheless fresh water was not so plentiful as was desirable, but sufficient for necessary purposes'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On Sunday 14 October 1832 'the white population assembled in a place formed of branches, and used as a chapel', with several Aboriginal people present. In the evening, 'a number of' Aboriginal people joined Backhouse and Walker in the Commandant's hut.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[An elderly Aboriginal woman who had been named 'Boatswain' by the sealers 'to whom she had long been in bondage', informed Backhouse and Walker 'by means of signs, and a few words in broken English' of the treatment of Aboriginal women by sealers.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Two Aboriginal women called 'Isaac' and 'Judy' by the sealers, had escaped from Green Island via a cutter's boat, and two other Aboriginal women had 'waded and swam from Green Island to the Settlement―a distance of three miles'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse relates a relationship between 'Roomtya or Bet' and 'Trigoomipoonenah or Jackey' and the supply of food they provided the Commandant. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker returned to the cutter Charlotte which was moored at Green Island, where they went on shore. While 'on the island one of the women threw some sticks' at James Thornloe, 'on his mentioning her son' who was 'at school at Newtown', as the 'mention of an absent relative is considered offensive... especially if deceased'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Sealer James Munro, Aborginal woman 'Jumbo', along with four other Aboriginal people, came on board the Charlotte and 'took tea' with Backhouse and Walker in their cabin.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Charlotte left Green Island to return sealer James Munro and Aboriginal woman Jumbo to Preservation Island. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The cutter Charlotte arrived 'near the heads of the Tamar or Port Dalrymple,—an estuary extending to Launceston,—and near to the mouth of which, George Town is situated' and Backhouse and Walker 'were kindly received by the Port Officer, Matthew Curling Friend, late of the Norval'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arrived at George Town which was described as 'a small assemblage of scattered houses'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Received 'a hearty welcome at Launceston, from Isaac and Katharine Sherwin, a thoughtful young couple'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Visited a school that did 'not belong to any particular denomination of Christians' but was 'supported by several' and was 'in a thriving condition'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Attended a meeting 'in a small court-house, at which two hundred persons might be present'. At this meeting Backhouse felt compelled to preach and there 'seemed to be an open ear in the congregation'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Major Fairtlough, the Commandant, received them politely and let them know their 'cutter was going to sail immediately', so they 'proceeded to the jetty' to find an intoxicated crew. The cockswain 'persisted in putting off', so 'took in two prisoners to assist in pulling the boat' but found they 'were not very expert hands'. When the cockswain 'recovered from the effects of his intemperance' he could not remember taking in the prisoners, so 'he turned them both on shore'.   ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They 'proceeded some miles down the Tamar' in the cutter, until 'the tide was spent' so they dropped anchor and went on shore. The Aboriginal people on board the cutter 'pursued some kangaroos, casting off all their clothes in the chase'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The party was 'supped at a public-house by the water-side' where a settler told them of 'atrocities committed by some reckless individuals' against local Aboriginal people. These atrocities 'were of such character, as to remove any wonder at the determination of these injured people, to try to drive from their land a race of men, among whom were persons guilty of such deeds'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Upon reaching George Town they were 'again received with much kindness by M.C. Friend and his wife, and from a magistrate named John Clark' who housed them until 29 October 1832. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Proper, an Aboriginal man traveling with W.J. Darling, was described as being of the country near Circular Head']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Introduction to Jackey, an Aboriginal woman 'interesting appearance, neatly dressed, and having her hair cut off, according to the common custom'. Jackey, who had had been living with sealers on Stack Island, had a 'mild expression' 'beclouded by sadness'. She spoke seldomly and 'in a low tone'. The sealers 'appeared to treat her kindly, but there was something in their manners that excited suspicion'. Jackey was a country woman of Jumbo, with whom she 'laughed heartily and entered freely into conversation'. Jackey agreed to be relocated to Flinders Island. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At the Circular Head jetty, an Aboriginal woman named Maria was 'rescued' from sealers, along with her baby.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Met with George A Robinson & Edward Curr, Superintendent of the Van Diemen's Land Company, whose home, garden and fields in 'almost every other object but the Gum-trees', resembled England.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Two ships, Fanny and Charlotte sailed for Woolnorth, 'passed northward of Robbin Island, and of the small islands between it and Three Hummock, or the East Hunter Island, and anchored on the west of Stack Island'. While they 'heard some dogs, but saw no person' on Stack Island, but later learned 'that a native woman was there, who had concealed herself by order of the sealers, notwithstanding she would have been glad to have escaped from them: they subsequently carried her off to Kangaroo Island'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Charlotte was anchored at Woolnorth Bay in preparation to transport Aboriginal people 'collected by G.A. Robinson, from Barren Island, where he had left them'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[While 'sitting by the fire' with Aboriginal women who were 'making the oval bags of open work, used in fishing' Backhouse observed an Aboriginal woman 'looking carefully about among the grass'. She was seeking a needle and 'A. Cottrell, who say by, said, You will see she will find it: you have no idea how keen sighted and persevering they are', and 'after some time she picked up her needle, which was one of English manufacture, and not of large size!']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[A Aboriginal woman at Woolnorth was 'arranging several stones that were flat, oval, and about two inches wide, and marked in various directions with black and red lines'. These stones 'represented absent friends, and, one larger than the rest, a corpulent woman on Flinders Island, known by the name of Mother Brown'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Anthony Cottrel, assistant to George Augustus Robinson, offered information to Backhouse & Walker regarding the family structure, body marking, and burial practices of Aboriginal peoples of Van Diemen's Land.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Met with the 'work-people' employed by the Van Diemen's Land Company, who were accommodated 'on the portion of the peninsula called Highfield Plain'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Op arrival at the Hampshire Hills they 'received a warm greeting from G. W. Walker's relations, George and Mary Robson'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Accompanied by 'E. Curr and G Robson to Chilton, a farm house on the Surrey Hills'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Accompanied Edward Curr and J Milligan 'as far as Emu Bay'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The proceeded, with George Robson, to Burleigh, another of the Van Diemen's Land Company stations.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Between the River Forth and Mersey Rivers was Gads Hill, where the descent was 'almost too steep for horses'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arrived in Westbury, which consisted 'of a small number of weather-board houses, two of which are inns'. There they met the family of George P Ball, an officer lately returned from service in India'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Found 'comfortable accommodation for the night, at the Launceston Hotel', which was 113 miles from the Hampshire Hills.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Took up quarters in Launceston at the home of Isaac and Katherine Sherwin until 21st March 1832.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At 'the house of Rowland R. Davies, the Episcopal Chaplain of Norfolk Plains' they 'met with a man who was transported from Wiltshire for rioting'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They were 'the guests of Theodore B. Bartley, of Kerry Lodge'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[As Ross they 'lodged at the house of George Parramore, a venerable and pious settler, whom we considered it a privilege to visit'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They 'breakfasted at Mona Vale, with William Kermode, an opulent sheep farmer'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After visiting a 'road-party of 120 men' they pursued their 'route along the vale of Bagdad' which held 'several decent houses, and a good inn'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On arriving in Hobart Town, they became lodgers again with 'our friends T. J. and S. Crouch' in their large house in Bathurst Street. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They were guided 'among the woody hills, by a narrow winding track, called Black Charleys Opening, to the Brushy Plains'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They were 'hospitably entertained by' a settler 'named John Hawkins, in Little Swan Port, who had also been brought up to a military life'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Stayed at 'Kelvedon, the residence of Francis and Anna Maria Cotton, and their large family ', whose home was 'more commodious than the houses of most settlers in this colony'. Their they met George Fordyce Story, M.D., District Surgeon.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They arrived at Launceston to find a letter from 'W.J. Darling, from Flinders Island, dated Establishment for the Aborigines, formerly Pea-Jacket, now Wybalenna, 6th April, 1833', with a description of the housing at Wybalenna since their move on 1st February 1833.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Set out to on an extended visit to Norfolk Plains and the Macquarie River, and on the way 'visited an interesting boarding-school for girls, at Ellenthorpe hall; and one for boys, on Norfolk Plains'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arrived in Horbart town 'on the 9th of the 8th month, having held regious meetings, and meetings for the promotion of temperance' at many towns between Launceston and Hobart.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At an initial meeting of the Society of Friends 'held on the 20th of 9th month, 1833, the certificates of George Washington Walker and myselfe, sanctioning our visit to the Southern Hemisphere, were read.']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Sailed on the Shamrock under Richard H. Davies, for their second visit to 'the Establishment for the Aborigines, on Flinders Island' with 'a party of sixteen Aborigines, who had joined G. A. Robinson, on the west coast'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Shamrock 'anchored at the mouth of D'Entrecasteaux Channel, where the Government brig  Isabella, with English emigrants for Launceston, and the Adelaide, a vessel in the Sperm Whale fishery, were lying’, and 'went ashore at Kelleys Farm, on Bruny Island'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Shamrock reached Port Arthur, which Backhouse considered to be 'greatly improved since we were here before, though much still requires to be done before it can be fully effective for the purpose of a Penal Settlement'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Wybalenna, they ‘received a hearty welcome from both the Black and the White Inhabitants; and were much pleased with the improvements, since we were here fourteen months ago’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Visited Prime Seal Island, a granite island which 'did not prove favourable for sheep'. Backhouse described dietary restrictions, weaponry and skills of First Nations people. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Trip to Launceston and George Town, where they were joined by 'James Allen, from Tyrone, in Ireland, who was on his way to Flinders Island, to succeed A. Mc. Lachlan in the office of Surgeon to the Establishment for the Aborigines.']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They 'put out to sea, but made little progress', stopping by Barren Joey and Twenty-day Islands.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On return to Flinders Island, they reached Wybalenna soon after sunset, and when ‘discovered by some women who were cutting wood’ were recognised ‘as old acquaintance, and gave us a clamorous greeting, which brought all the people and dogs out of their huts, with such a noise as, had we not known that it was the expression of friendship on the part of the people, would have been truly appalling’.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After leaving Flinders Island, the Shamrock ran into a storm and was in danger of breaking up on rocks while at 'anchor under Green Island'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The 'weather was beautifully clear, and the moon was shining brightly' when Backhouse & Walker boarded the ketch Henry Freeling, but they had 'scarcely cleared Storm Bay' before the 'gentle breeze increased into a gale' so fierce 'that some of us were soon compelled from the dripping in of the salt-water' to leave their berths 'and take to the sofas'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At sunset on 17 December 1834 Backhouse & Walker were on board the ketch Henry Freeling 'off Cape Howe, the southeast point of New South Wales' with the cape and adjacent coast 'faintly visible'. Backhouse reported that 'the sea had been rough much of the time' since they had left Hobart, and the 'roll of the vessel was so great after rounding Cape Pillar, as to make some of the oldest sailors on board sick'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On 20 December 1834 the ketch Henry Freeling passed Botany Bay and entered the 'considerable estuary' Port Jackson, which was described as having 'numerous bays', some of which had 'sandy beaches' while others were 'very rugged'. The 'more even places' had been cleared and had 'houses erected upon them' with a few 'of imposing appearance'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Governor Richard Bourke provided Backhouse & Walker with 'the documents needful' to secure them 'a reception' with the Commandant of Norfolk Island, and they sailed in the ketch Henry Freeling on 13 February 1835. They 'had not been long at sea before' there 'all fell sick'. The voyage to Norfolk Island 'occupied nineteen days' and 'adverse winds' drove them far eastward and they 'were much delayed by calms'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Early in the morning on 4 March 1835, Phillip Island, which was described as a 'high land, with a bold peak to the south' was in view, and close beyond it was 'the lower hills of Norfolk Island, clothed with lofty pines, towering like spires, and giving it a very remarkable appearance'. Nepean Island, which Backhouse described as 'small, and very sterile' was seen between these islands. Two 'government vessels, the Governor Phillip and the Isabella, were standing to and fro off these islands' as they did not have have harbours and 'the sea was breaking heavily on a low reef, fronting the little bay, on which the settlement on Norfolk Island' was situated.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[In order to land on Norfolk Island, Backhouse & Walker had to be taken in a small boat, 'through a narrow opening in a reef' that fronted the island. On landing, they 'received a very kind welcome from the Commandant, who ordered a boat off' to bring their luggage on shore.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Balls Pyramid was seen by Backhouse from the ketch Henry Freeling at sunrise on 10 April 1835, and they saw 'a high bluff of Lord Howes Island, towards sunset. The distance was only about thirty miles, but there was so much fog in the horizon, that the island was obscured most of the day'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The 'Heads of Port Stephens were in sight at noon' on 16 May 1835, and Backhouse reported that 'the weather was so rough as again' to make him sick, as had 'often been the case in the course of the voyage'. Backhouse recorded that the Henry Freeling was leaking and some of the company were at times alarmed, but he had been 'favoured to feel peaceful and content, yet pitying the seamen' who had 'to work hard at the pumps'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Governor Bourke granted Backhouse & Walker 'liberty to proceed to the Penal Settlement at Moreton Bay' and they were 'furnished with a letter of introduction from the Colonial Secretary to the Commandant'. They embarked on board the schooner Isabella with 78 people on board, consisting of 'forty-four prisoners, a guard of fifteen soldiers, inclusive of a sergeant in charge, and two corporals, a soldier's wife, the crew of the vessel, sixteen in number, including the master and mate'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[While working with George Brooks, Backhouse & Walker 'passed the burial ground, in which a detachment of an ironed-gang was at work, under an overseer, and three sentries'. Backhouse considered that 'these men had been occupied here about a month, in making improvements, that a quarter of their number of industrious men, would have effected in the same time' as 'work without wages proceeds slowly, by a natural consequence that is not at all reversed, by the work being imposed as the punishment of crime'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Unable to proceed to Sydney because of storms, Backhouse & Walker decided to visit Ebenezer, on Lake Macquarie, where Lancelot Edward Threlkeld was employed by the Government, as a Missionary. They engaged Beerabahn, otherwise known as M'Gill asa guide. Beerabahn was described as 'a tall, intelligent man' and the 'chief' of the local Aboriginal people 'resorting thither'. Together they set out fro Ebenezer with another Aboriginal man called 'Boatman' or 'Boardman' and arrived at the home of L.E. Threlkeld as the sun set on 27 April 1836.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Lancelot Edward Threlkeld had 'applied himself diligently to attaining the language' of Awabakal Aboriginal people and 'reducing it to writing, compiling a grammar, preparing a translation of the Gospel according to Luke, and some smaller selections from Scripture, also a vocabulary'. While operating the mission he also had to provide for his own family, which consists of nine children. Threlkeld walked with Backhouse & Walker to a woody point extending into the lake and spoke to some Aboriginal people who were fishing.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Threlkeld conveyed Backhouse & Walker, along with their guides Beerabahn and Boardman by boat to the head of Lake Macquarie to take the road to Newcastle.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[ On the way to Newcastle they were joined by an Aboriginal man named Macquarie. When the party reached Newcastle, the guides 'received their wages in bread, tea, sugar, and tobacco'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker returned on the ship Ceres from Newcastle to Sydney, where they were visited several times by Aboriginal men Beerabahn (also known as M'Gill) and Boatman (also known as Boardman), who had been their guides and interpreters when travelling to the Ebenezer Mission. These Aboriginal men were in Sydney in order to act as interpreters at a trial alongside Lancelot Edward Threlkeld.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[While staying in Sydney, Backhouse and Walker were 'much occupied in sending books, and tracts to persons' whom they had visited over the course of their journey.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[While journeying from Dalwood to Busby's Kirkton vineyard, Backhouse saw a kangaroo, which he noted was an animal that had 'become scarce in the settled parts' of New South Wales, 'where flocks of sheep, and herds of cattle... consume the thin grass of the continuous forests'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker 'received a most kind welcome' at 'St Aubins, the residence of William Dumaresq', a property that they reported was 'conducted on a similar plan to that at Arthurs Vale, and with a similarly beneficial result'. At St Aubins Backhouse & Walker met the Quaker Charlotte Anley, author of 'The Prisoners of Australia'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After leaving Ravensworth, Backhouse & Walker 'were assisted with horses, in fording the Hunter', then continued their journey 'on foot, passing the habitations of some settlers, to Cock-fighters-bridge, on the Wollombi Rivulet'. At Cockfighter Bridge, the party 'were hospitably entertained at the house of a person belonging the Survey Department, under whose charge, a party of prisoners were employed in the erection of a bridge'. The prisoners 'were lodged in huts of split timber' with 'numerous fissures in the walls of which admitted much air', but 'fires were allowed, to keep out the frost'. The men had 'only one blanket each, in which they slept, on large sheets of bark, put up like berths in a ship'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker 'proceeded by the steamer Ceres' from Maitland to the 'mouth of the Williams River, and walked from thence to Raymonds Terrace'. At Raymonds Terrace they inspected 'a manufactory of superior, brown earthenware' which was 'one of the most successful of the few attempts that have been made to manufacture pots in the Australian Colonies'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[A 'boat belonging to the Australian Agricultural Company' conveyed Backhouse & Walker 'from Sawyers Point on the south-west of the estuary of Port Stephens, to Tarlee House, the residence of Henry Dumaresq, the Company's First Commissioner' whose family received them kindly.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker 'visited the little village of Carrington' which was 'on the north shore of Port Stephens', and was 'composed of a few weather-board cottages, occupied by officers and servants of the Agricultural Company'. Backhouse reported that the few Aboriginal people who lived in the village of Carrington were 'kindly treated'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On the afternoon of 24 July 1836 Backhouse & Walker 'had a religious interview with about 120 prisoners in the jail', and found that it was 'a very considerable building, but very badly arranged, for the complete separation of the male and female prisoners'. They reported that between the jail and the town there was 'a sandy hill that was once covered with brushwood' but that this had been 'cut down when Newcastle was a penal settlement, to prevent the concealment of prisoners' and ever since the drifting sand had 'bid defiance to all oppostion, burying walls and all other impediments raised to obstruct its course'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On 30 July 1836, Backhouse & Walker 'embarked on board the steamer 'William the Forth' which left Newcastle for Port Macquarie where they arrived the following day.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker 'engaged a passage to King Georges Sound, by way of Port Phillip and South Australia, on board the barque Eudora, along with ten cabin passengers who were 'going to Port Phillip with a view to improving their circumstances' and 'several mechanics and their families' in steerage 'who were hoping to obtain better wages at Port Phillip, than they could get in Van Diemens Land'. The Eudora sailed from the mouth of the Derwent on 3 November 1837.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Eudora 'passed within a short distance of the Fourneaux Islands' noting that the 'Blossom &and the John Pierie, which sailed from Hobart a few days' the Eudora, 'were just leaving the anchorage under Preservation Island with a press of canvas that rendered them beautiful objects'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Eudora 'passed to the southward of a high rock called 'The Pyramid', then 'passed in sight of Cape Schanck' before entering Port Phillip.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Eudora 'made a good passage to the anchorage at Gellibrands Point, at the north-east angle of Port Phillip, passing up the eastern channel', and the ship was boarded by an 'officer, connected with the customs' who took their mail on shore.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[From the home of George & Mary Langhorne, Backhouse & Walker were taken 'four miles futher up the river to the dwelling of John & Mary Gardiner', where an Aboriginal man 'from the Merumbidgee River' was described as 'an 'efficient servant' who showed 'more reflection' than some who had 'been brought up, nominally, Christians'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker reported that the Port Phillip Missionary Station under George & Mary Langhorne had twelve Aboriginal boys 'under tuition', whose parents 'come to see them at pleasure, and when they wish it, take them out to hunt' but were these parents were 'not encouraged to made long visits'. Backhouse noted that at 'another station nearly twenty miles distant, about sixteen native families' had been 'marshalled as an armed police' and were 'clothed suitably for their occupation'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker 'called on John Batman, formerly of Buffalo Plains, in Van Diemens Land', who was described as 'much of an invalid' since he moved to Port Phillip. John Batman had 'in his employment', several Aboriginal people 'from the vicinity of Sydney', along with an Aboriginal woman and two Aboriginal boys from Tasmania, who were described as 'useful servants... not disposed to indulge in wandering habits' as they had been 'removed from their native haunts' and were in fear of the Aboriginal people in the surrounding area.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Bachhouse & Walker 'dined with Captain Lonsdale, the Police Magistrate and commanding officer of the troops' with whom they discussed 'the importance of inquests being held' when Aboriginal people suffered 'violent or doubtful deaths, and of inquiry being made into cases of reported injury'. They were assured that this 'had in some measure, been attended to, particularly in one case, where several persons had been said to have been killed, but which proved a false report.']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Before leaving Port Phillip, Backhouse & Walker were presented by John Batman 'with some oval baskets, of neat and strong construction' which had been manufactured by local Aboriginal people.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[From 20th November 1837 until the 23rd, the 'wind was adverse' so the ship Eudora 'beat backward and forward, between Kings Island and Cape Otway'. The ship 'tacked when about fifteen miles from its north coast, to avoid a reef, on which the convict vessel Minerva was lost about two years previously.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On 24 November 1837 the Eudora, passed 'the flat-topped, roundish hills, to the east of Portland Bay, the table land of Cape Bridgewater, the low, extended hills of Cape Northumberland, and several other points of the coast'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse noted that the 'opening into St. Vincents Gulf by the Backstairs Passage' was maked by 'two little islands, called The Pages' and that a 'vast numbers of sea fowl, and some Seals of a yellowish colour with black muzzles, were upon one of the two little islands'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[They anchored 'about five miles from shore in Holdfast Bay, South Australia' and waited on board while the captain went to Adelaide. Upon his return the next day Backhouse & Walker were taken through rough sea by boatmen who told them 'not to be afraid'. The boatmen were paid a pound each when the party was 'landed in a small creek at Glenelg, a place consisting of a few rude huts, one of which was used as a store'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker were 'quickly conveyed over a flat country, covered with grass, and scattered trees of Eucalyptus, Acacia and Banksia, to the embryo capital of South Australia' where they 'received a kind welcome from John Barton Hack and his wife', who had both been acquaintances in England. The large Hack family 'were at this time dwelling... in a wooden house that they brought from England, in which they realized much more comfort than most of the other settlers did, in their rude huts, of rushes or of sods'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker presented their letters of introduction from Sir John Franklin to 'the Governor, Captain John Hindmarsh, and on James H. Fisher, the Commissioner for the Sale of Lands', and then called on 'the Episcopal Clergyman, Charles B. Howard', and 'T.Q. Stow, the Independent minister.']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse observed that in November 1837 Adelaide was 'laid out on both sides of the Torrens' with 'an open space of parkland reserved in the midst' and was 'divided into 1,040 acres, exclusive of the streets, which cross at right-angles, so as to give to every acre, one side of street-frontage, and to about half of them, two sides'. Backhouse remarked that the 'acres sold originally at from £3 to about £12 each' in March 1837, but by November that year were 'bringing from £40 to £65 each!.' The population were estimated to be about 1,200 but 'scattered over so large an area' they made 'little show'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker 'had conversations with the Governor, and other persons of influence' respecting Aboriginal people whose rights there was 'a disposition to consider'. Backhouse reported that it was 'greatly to be regretted, that these rights were not secured by the Act of the British Legislature, for the settlement of South Australia, 'but instead of this being done, the country' was 'described in the Act, "as certain waste and unoccupied lands",' and it had 'been disputed by men of the law, whether, from the tenor of the words used, these Aboriginal Inhabitants, could legally possess land in this country, which was their own by birthright, and which they have done nothing to forfeit.']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker 'spent some time in conversation with the Commissioner for Lands', discussing Aboriginal people and 'the importance of promoting temperance among the settlers', some of whom had gotten an idea that the hotter climate justified 'more stimulating diet and drink', and that this notion had 'been promoted by an injudicious, medical man'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse reported on the wounding of two Aboriginal men, when 'a man, shooting a quail' and 'intent upon his bird, did not see them among the grass'. The Aboriginal men reportedly threatened to 'burn the hut of the man that shot them' which caused alarm amongst the surrounding settler-colonists. Backhouse stated that the matter was 'ultimately allayed' by the Protector 'who bestirred himself to see that the white people were not taking the matter into their own hands'. Robert Cock, persuaded the two Aboriginal men 'to come to the Commissioner's store, where they received some potatoes and other food'. Governor John Hindmarsh 'likewise took advantage of this occassion' to assure the Aboriginal men 'of his protection and to invite them, in all cases of uneasiness, to seek redress from himself and the Protector'. The Governor 'also informed the European population, that that if they took the law into their own hands, in any cases of imagined intention of offence, or of actual injury ... they should be dealt with according to law'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On a day which 'was extremely wet, and very cool' about 'a score' of Aboriginal people 'took shelter under J. B. Hack's verandah'. Backhouse recorded that they 'were chiefly clad in rugs of skin', which they wore 'fastened over the shoulders, extending to the knees, or in fragments of European clothing', and that their bodies were 'not so much cut as those of some other tribes of Australia, that wear no clothing' and that some of the men wore 'red ochre and grease in their hair'. Backhouse observed that some of the men had 'more than one wife', and that most of the women had children, of which they seemed 'very fond, often embracing and kissing them very affectionately'. One Aboriginal woman 'noticed Bridget Hack kissing her little son, and exclaimed, "Very good," with evident satisfaction'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker 'accompanied Robert Cock, in making a call upon the Governor, to converse with him on the propriety of the appointment of a committee to assist the Protector' Both the Governor and the Protector concurred 'that such a committee might be useful'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker were back on board the Eudora on 16 December 1837 leaving South Australia for King Georges Sound. Backhouse reported that the wind was against them so they 'stood backward and forward, between Kangaroo Island and the small islands off York Peninsula'. Backhouse observed that Kangaroo Island was 'woody with grass in some places, but with deep gullies, and cliffs which were 'lofty, dark, and horizontally stratified'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse recalled the story of those who had, a few months before, 'landed from a vessel at the western end of the island, being tired with a long voyage, and thinking to make their way easily to Kings Cote, a settlement of the South Australian Company, on the eastern extremity. Some of the party reached this point, in a very exhausted state ; but the surgeon, and another person perished in the intricate bush'. Backhouse lamented that, 'Much danger attends strangers in any country, attempting to make their way from the coast, to distant places ; many have narrowly escaped death, in such attempts, in other parts of Australia'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Eudora passed Bald Island and 'soon got sight of Mount Gardener and Bald Head', passing between them to sail into King Georges Sound, which Backhouse described as 'a fine bay, surrounded by hills, with an opening into an inner harbour, called Princess Royal Harbour, near the entrance', where the Eudora anchored.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Albany, Backhouse and Walker were 'guests of George Cheyne' and 'his open-hearted wife' gave them 'a kind welcome'. Backhouse reported that although Albany was 'laid out as a town upon some maps', it had a small population and consisted of only 'a few, scattered cottages' with no baker's shop but 'four public-houses'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker called on the Government Resident, Sir Richard Spencer who received them kindly and made many inquiries for intellidence, which everyone in this sequestered spot seemed desirous of receiving'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse & Walker interviewed a 'magistrate from Oyster Harbour' regarding the Aboriginal people of the immediate district, commonly known 'by the designation of the King George tribe'. These peoplere were reported to be 'about fifty in number' and to 'live on good terms with the European inhabitants' of the area.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Before leaving Albany Backhouse & Walker 'breakfasted with Sir Richard and Lady Spencer, and walked with them, over their fine garden, and little farm', which were 'on one of the little patches of good land'. Backhouse reported that in the garden, 'Grapes, Figs, Almonds, Peas, Potatoes, &c. are very thriving' and on the farm there was 'a good crop of Wheat, where the land has been manured'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After leaving King Georges Sound on 27 December 1837 on board the Alice, they 'made good progress' to 'get nicely to sea again', passing Vancouvers Reef and Eclipse Island to sail past White Topped Rocks that night. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[In Perth, Backhouse & Walker were welcomed by Major Irwin. They were escorted to call on the Governor and Lady Stirling who received them kindly, and were introduced to the Colonial Chaplain. They lodged in Perth 'in the homely dwelling of the widow of a Colonial Surgeon'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker, 'having concluded a visit to the Australian Colonies… sailed from Freemantle in Western Australia' on 12 February 1838 onboard the Abercromby under Captain J B Butcher.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On 3 March 1838 the ship Abercromby under Captain J B Butcher passed to the northward of the island of Rodrigue.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On 7 March 1838 Ile Rond, or Round Island was 'descried at five or six eagues distance, and soon after the rugged mountains of the Mauritius, or Isle of France'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Arriving at the harbour at Port Louis, Backhouse and Walker found a considerable number of vessels, with boats manned by a wide variety of 'men of colour' which 'presented a very foreign appearance to an English eye'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[George Clark, 'the master of the school of the Mico Charity in Port Louis' invited Backhouse and Walker to join him in a visit to Mapou.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker 'crossed the island to Mahebourg, in company with John le Brun, to visit two more schools of the Mico Charity'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Accompanied 'by a young man from one of the Seychelles islands', Backhouse and Walker 'took a walk, crossing the country' from Port Louis to the Grand Riviere.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[In preparing to leave Mauritius, Backhouse and Walker 'paid a parting visit to the Colonial Secretary and his family' from whom they had received much kind attention durig their stay. There they 'met with Lieutenant George Grey, who had been recently associated with an officer named Lushington in exploring the northwest coast of Australia... from whence they had lately returned after making some interesting discoveries'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Sailing from Mauritius, Backhouse and Walker 'had a fine view of the French Island of Bourbon, or Mascarenhas, which Backhouse described as very mountainous with an active volcano emitting smoke on the south-east part of the island.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On arrival at Cape Town, Backhouse and Walker 'were greeted on the beach' by an 'old school-fellow, Thomas Laidman Hodgson' whom Backhouse 'had not seen for nearly thirty years' and was now the Superintendent of the Wesleyan Missions in that part of South Africa. The also received a kind welcome from Dr. Philip, of the London Missionary Society before preceding to the post office were they were greeded by fourteen letters. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After Backhouse and Walker sought advice from Thomas L Hodgson and George Thompson  regarding their travel plans within South Africa, they 'spent some time in putting up some Reports of the Aborigines Protection Society, to send to persons of influence in various parts of Australia'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker 'accompanied T.L. Hodgson to a school beloning to the Wesleyans, situated in Sydney-street, a district of the town in which many poor Irish and Coloured people reside'. Hodgson recommended that the Friends 'employ Richard Jennings in a school of this sort in Cape Town' as Jennings intended to 'devote himself to the education of children in Africa'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker travelled in covered carts yoked to oxen, reaching the village of Somerset at the end of September 1838. There they were hosted by John Edgar, minister of the Dutch Church.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker interviewed convicts who were working on the raod at 'Houw Hoek, Cut Corner, contiguous to the village of Houw' and they reported that 'they were lodged in a poor hut, but said they had nothing to complain of in regard to victuals'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker visited the Genadendal mission, which they described as 'the oldest in South Africa'. At the time of their visit 1,500 people lived at the mission, supervised by seven missionary couples and an aged widow.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Walker sketched the 'Missionary Station at Zuurbraak' where about 850 Khoikhoi people resided, half of whom were children. They were accompanied by 'two of the sons of Henry Helm, the Missionary of the London Missionary Society's station at Zuurbraak'. They toured the British and Foreign School Society where about 140 male and female students were taught by Daniel Helm and his wife.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On their arrival at Pacaltsdorp, Backhouse & Walker were greeted at the London Missionary Society by Missionary William Anderson, as well as Dr Philip and his wife Jane. School master Thomas Hood provided them with a tour of the Pacaltsdorp estate which was owned and cultivated by about 600 Khoikhoi people. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[While pursuing their 'journey in the Lange Kloof… and extensive valley between ranges of lofty hills with farms at distant intervals' Backhouse & Walker, in the company of a team of men from Pacaltsdorp, were approached by local Afrikaan farmers who fired shots in their direction when provided with religious tracts.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[As they approached the Missionary Station in Hankey Backhouse and Walker were 'cheered by hearing infant voices singing hymns in English'. They had arrived 'in time to join a considerable congregation' who were celebrating 'the memorable day on which slavery ceased in the Cape Colony'.  The toured the mission accompanied by Missionary Edward Williams.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[In Bethelsdorp Backhouse and Walker found 'a square of whitewashed, red-tiled, stone houses, and several other houses and cottages arranged as little streets' in an area which had 'long suffered severely from droughts'. They inspected a school which conducted lessons in Dutch for adults and in English for children and infants. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Uitenhage, Backhouse and Walker 'called on John George Messer, an aged servant of the London Misaionary Society, and on Alexander Smith, the minister of the Reformed Dutch Church'. Uitenhage was described as 'a pretty, English-looking town, containing about 315 houses, consisting of a few streets crossing at right angles... well watered from a very copious spring, situated on the karroo hills above the town.']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Uitenhaga, the District Surgeon accompanied Backhouse and Walker on a tour of the jail and hospital. Backhouse reported that the jail 'was an inefficient place, badly ventilated' with 'small yards, unenclosed by any outer wall, and aome grated windows open to the road'. The witnessed one of the prisoners heavily ironed.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On approaching Grahams Town, Backhouse and Walker were 'struck with the uninviting appearance of the site' which Backhouse described as 'a naked country at the foot of a low, rocky standstone ridge'. They were cordially welcomed by 'William Wright, a native of Ireland'. Grahams Town at that time had 4000 inhabitants, almost exclusively of English descent. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[At Grahams Town Backhouse and Walker inspected the jail which Backhouse described as 'a good looking building externally, but very insufficient, and badly arranged within' with 'several small yards with brick walls; some with day-rooms attached, and othen with cells'. Backhouse reported that the cells were 'all much crowded, except one, in which a man was confined solitarily'. From eight to sixteen persons were lodged in each of the eight cells of one yard. A considerable number of convicts worked in irons on the roads, were lodged in this prison.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse and Walker crossed Great Fish River to arrive at 'Hermanes Kraal or Fort Brown, a small solitary station' where they provided the stationed inhabitants with religious tracts, a Dutch New Testiment and a Dutch language copy of Pilgrim's Progress.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[The Assistant Commissary General, J. J. Smith, greeted Backhouse and Walker when they arrived at Fort Beaufort. Backhouse reported that Fort Beaufort consisted chiefly of 'military barracks, a few cottages occupied by officers, some soldiers' huts, and a few stores'. A Wesleyan chapel was in course of erection and a school house in the mean time accommodated the congregation.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[James Laing accompanied Backhouse and Walker to Pirie, 'another Station of the Glasgow Missionary Society'. Backhouse described Pirie as consisting of 'a plain house of unhewn basalt and a little mud-walled chapel'. They were welcomed at Pirie by 'John and Ellen Ross, who were worthy Scotch people with four children of their own, and performing the part of foster-parents to the motherless son of James Laing'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Backhouse reported that Bethal was a station of the Berlin Missionary Society, and was situated in the territory of the Caffer Chief, Gacela, who had ceded a considerable piece of land to it. Bethal consisted of a cottage 'built'of sods and plastered' by the 'Missionary's own hands', as well as 'several outbuildings, one of which served for a chapel'. Backhouse and Walker were accompanied by J.L. Doehne to 'Itemba, another station of the Berlin Society', ten miles away from Bethal, where Missionary Julius Schuldheis and his assistant were erecting a house. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[On their way to Butterworth, Backhouse and Walker apprehensively crossed the Great Kei River. At Butterworth they were very kindly received 'by William McDowell Fynn, a Diplomatic Agent of the Colonial Government, and Elizabeth Ann Weeks, a widow' who resided there with two of her children and was 'engaged by the Wesleyan Missionary Society as a nurse.' Butterworth was in the country of 'the Chief Rhili, a son of the late Hintza' and consisted of 'a commodious mission-house, a few cottages, and several huts'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Jabez Bunting and Richard Watson escorted Backhouse and Walker to Clarkbury, passing through the 'territory of the Chief of the Amatembu' Tambookie, and were greeted at Clarkbury by 'Joseph Warner the catechist who was in charge of the Station'. Backhouse reported that Clarkbury had commenced about 1831 and 'consisted of a decent, brick Mission-house with a colonnade in front, a chapel, also of brick, but plastered with mud, and ... a paper-felt roof, two or three rude cottages, and huts'. ]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Tambookie from Clarkbury escorted Backhouse and Walker to the mission at Morley with a population of about 300 people. Backhouse described Morley as a 'flourishing Station' comprising of a brick mission house and chapel, two wattle-and-daub cottages, and numberous huts.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Thomas and Jemima Wakeford welcomed Backhouse and Walker to the Buntingville mission, with a population of about 500 people. The school at Buntingville 'had about eighty pupils, eighteen of whom were able to red the Scriptues in their own tongue.']]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[Upon returning to Cape Town, Backhouse and Walker 'were so much exhausted as to not be equal to great exertio for several weeks'. Backhouse 'purchased a house which had been erected for a school-house, near the junction of Buiten Street with Long Street'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[As Backhouse made preparations to leave Cape Town to return to England after nine years of travelling, Walker 'thought it might be the right time for him to look out for a vessel bound for Hobart Town, as he had a view of returning thither to settle'. Walker found that the Hamilton Ross was at the Cape preparing to sail for Hobart, and Walker 'engaged a passage on board this vessel'.]]></name>
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      <name><![CDATA[After 'taking leave of many kind friends in Cape Town' Backhouse 'embarked on board the schooner Invoice, laden with coffee from the West Indies'. William Proudfoot, Richard Jennings, Daniel Steedman, and James Thwaits accompanied Backhouse on board the Invoice and remained for some time to see him off. The Invoice 'made sail about noon, and left Table Mountain far behind before night'.]]></name>
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